2023年初中英语语法之形容词和副词运用与高频考点.docx

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1、2023年初中英语语法之形容词和副词运用与高频考点形容词、副词是每年中考必考点之一，近几年语境综合化程度越 来越高，难度加大。高考热点有：形容词、副词词义辨析；原级、比 较级、最高级的使用；倍数的表达方法；比较等级的修饰语；多个形容 词的排列顺序；常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：1 .考查形容词和副词的基本用法形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状 语。2 .考查形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词 要后置：形容词短语作定语时;表语形容词作定语时;修饰复合 不定代词时。3 .考查多个形容词作

2、定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：（限定词+程度副词+） 描绘+大小（长短、高低）+形状+年龄（新旧）+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材 料+类别或用途+名词。4 .考查副词在句中的位置规律副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但 enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。5 .考查- ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为（某人）感到” ；-ing形容C. flexibleD. tight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：与传统健身房不同，有软 件支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。casual “随便的”； regular “有规则

3、的；flexible “灵活的；tight “紧的”。【变式探究】（2018 江苏卷）Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is to invest in sufficienttraining for his staff.A. keenB. reluctantC. anxiousD. ready【答案】B【解析】考查形容词。句意：尽管这家旅馆服务差，但是经 理却不愿投资对员工进行足够的培训。reluctant ”不情愿的，勉强 的”符合句意。【变式探究】Fathers love for their kids seems to be

4、 a bit strict and tough；, mothers love seems to be loving and caring.A. anywayB. meanwhileC. moreoverD. otherwise【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：父亲对孩子的爱似乎有点严厉和强硬；相比之下，母亲的爱似乎是富有爱心和体贴的。meanwhile“与此同时，对比之下”，符合语境。anyway”尽管,而且；moreover“此外，而且”；otherwise ”除此之外，否则”。高频考点二形容词、副词的比较等级用法伤U 1. It may not be a great suggestio

5、n. But before is put forward, we 11 make do with it.A. a good oneB. a better oneC. the best oneD. a best one【答案】B【解析】句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在更好的建议被 提出之前，我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较，表示“一条更好的建议”， 是泛指，故选B。【变式探究】I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are meaningful things to do.A. lessB. moreC. the least

6、D. the most【答案】B【解析】句意：我认为每天晚上看电视是浪费时间，因为有 更有意义的事可以去做。根据句意可知，此处应用meaningful的比 较级形式，故选B。【举一反三】This is by far movie that I haveever seen.A. an inspiringB. a much inspiringC. the most inspiringD. the more inspiring【答案】c【解析】句意：这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。byfar 中用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级或最高级。根据that从句的描述 可知，应该选择C项，即用最高级形式。D项，“

7、the+比较级”常 常要与由。f构成的短语连用。高频考点三形容词、副词辨析例 3.【2018 江苏】Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is to invest in sufficient training for hisstaff.A. keenB. reluctantC. anxiousD. ready【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆 服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A. keen敏锐的； B. reluctant不情愿的；C. anxious渴望的；D. ready准备好的。 故

8、选B。【举一反三】（2017?天津）一I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.I m sorry, but he is not at the moment, forthe meeting hasn t ended.A. busyB. activeC. concernedD.available【答案】D【解析】句意：一我想见怀特先生，我们有约。一对不起, 他现在没空，因为会议还没有结束。A.忙碌；B.积极，活跃；C关心； D.有空。根据语境，故选D。【变式探究】David isanimal fur, so he wont visit any

9、one who has cats or dogs in the house.A. curious aboutB. allergic toC. satisfied withD. fond of【答案】B【解析】(be) curious about”对好奇的”;(be) allergicto ”对过敏的“；(be) satisfied with ”对满意的“；(be)fond of “喜欢”。根据空格后面的 so he won t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house可知，戴维对动物皮毛“过敏”。【变式探究】The Forbidden Cit

10、y attracts astreamofvisitorseveryday,especiallyduring nationalholidays.A.constantB.mainC.powerfulD.shallow【答案】A【解析】句意：紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别 是在国庆节期间。A constant stream of visitors表示“络绎不绝 的游客”。Constant 持续不断的“，符合句意。Main “主要的”；powerful “强有力的；shallow “浅的”。【举一反三】Tony can hardly boil an egg, still cook dinner

11、.A. lessB. littleC. muchD. more【答案】A【解析】句意：托尼几乎不会煮鸡蛋，更何况做坂呢。still less意为“何况，更不用说”，符合句意。词通常说明事物，意为“（某事物）令人”或“令人的（事物）”。6 .考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。7 .考查形容词和副词的比较等级。8 .考查比较等级的修饰语。在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义从复现的频率来看，此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热 点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境，结合基本词义、搭配等来 选择正确的答案。（一）形容词和副词的用法1）形容词是

12、用来描写或修饰名词或代词的一类词。2）在句中主要做定语和表语等成分。做定语时修饰名词或代词 （一般为不定代词），修饰名词时常放于名词前，修饰不定代词时常放 于不定代词后，做表语时和系动词连用，构成一个系表结构。例如：Can you hear the loud noise?（定语）你听到大的喧闹声了吗？The noise is very loud.（表语）喧闹声很大。The quiet girl is my sister.（定语）那个安静的女孩是我妹妹。My sister looks very quiet.（表语）我妹妹看起来很安静。I have nothing new to tell you.

13、（定语）我没什么新东西告诉 你。3）常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有:Look（看起来，看上去），feel （感觉），taste （尝起来），smell （闻 起来），get （变得），turn （变），become （成为，变得），sound （听起来） 等。例如：The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气变暖和了，树变绿了。The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。You look fine.你看起来气色很好。4）副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。例如：The

14、 men and the women walk quickly.这些男人和女人走得很 快。The children walk slowly,孩子们走得很慢。They often laugh loudly.他们经常大声地笑。Unluckily he hurt his leg.不幸的是，他伤了腿。（二）形容词和副词比较级最高级的变化1）规则变化构成方式原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er/-est smallfastyoung smaller faster younger smallestfastestyoungest以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r/-st bravelargec

15、ute braverlargercuter bravestlargestcutest以重读闭音节结尾的词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写 该辅音字母，然后加-er/-est bighotsad biggerhottersadder biggesthottestsaddest*以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er/-est easybusy funny easierbusierfunnier easiestbusiestfunniest多音节词和部分双音节词在形容词原级前面加more或mostexcitingdeliciousfamousloudly more e

16、xcitingmore deliciousmore famousmore loudly most excitingmost deliciousmost famousmost loudly*这种双音节词很多都是以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节形容词。2）不规则变化原级最高级比较级good/well best betterbad/badly/ill worst worsemany/much most more little least less old oldesteldest olderelderfar farthestfurthest fartherfurther（三）比较级用法：1）表示两者（

17、人或事物）的比较，形容词或副词比较级之后用than 引出比较对象。China is bigger than the USA.This book is more exciting than that one.注意：比较的对象要表达明确。My ruler is longer than yours.2）自身不能与自身进行比较。3）在形容词或副词比较级前，有时可以用much, a little, far, a lot , even 等来修饰，如 much better； a little taller.（四）adj, adv最高级的用法：注意：1 .它是在一定范围内的最（三3）He is the ta

18、llest of those three.2 .所举的对象一定在范围内。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.用最高级的几种情况（句式）1 .当有in/ of,而且of后不是两者时。2 .在One of +adj的最高级+ns中。One of the most famous sights.3 . Which is the best, the red one , the white one or the green one?Which / whose/ who,引导的选择疑问句，有三者以上的选项时4 . The Huang River is the seco

19、nd longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。当形容词和副词前有序数词修饰时，多用最高级（五）原级、比较级、最高级的句型转换。1. not as/so+原级+as”结构可转化为比较级than的结构如：David didn t run as fast as Li LeiLi Lei ran fasterthan David.David run more slowly than Li Lei.This book isn t as interesting as that one.That bookis more interesting than this one.This

20、 book is less interesting than that one.2 .两个原级的句子合并成含有比较级的句子。Li Ping is ten years old.Wei Hua is seven years old.1）Li Ping is older than Wei Hua.2)Wei Hua is younger than Li Ping.3)Li Ping is three years older than Wei Hua.4)Wei Hua is three years younger than Li Ping.3 .两个原级的句子合并成含有as- as的原级比较的句子。

21、1)1, m ten years old. Lucy is ten years old too.1 m the same age as Lucy.2)I read two books Lucy read two books too.I read as many books as Lucy.4 .比较等级的句子中含有any, anyone, anything, other等时, 可与最高级的句子进行转换。如：1)Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.the other cities in China.the others in China

22、.Shanghai is the biggest city in China.2)Zhang Hai jumps higher than any other student in the class.the others in his class.the other students in the class.anyone else in the class.Zhang Hai jumps(the)highest in the class.5 .含有比较级的句子可与含有反义词的句子进行转换。如：This ruler is longer than that one.That ruler is s

23、horter than this one.Traveling by air is more expensive than traveling by train.Traveling by train is less expensive than traveling by air.6 . likebetter 可与prefer”进行转换。1)Which coat do you like better?Which coat do youprefer?2) I like red better than black.1 prefer red to black.3) I like singing bett

24、er than dancing.1 prefer singingto dancing.7 . “likebest 与favorite”进行转换。1)Which coat do you like best?Which is your favoritecoat ?2)I like bananas best. My favorite fruit is bananas.8 . as. .as 与the same as” 进行转换。This bike is as big as that one.This bike is the samesize as that one.高频考点一形容词、副词的基本用法例 1. (2019 江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people options to exercise.A. casualB. regular