高考英语完形填空训练题(附解析).docx

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1、完形填空Two new studies add further pieces to the jigsaw puzzle that is human evolution. One reports a (n)1 extra member of the genus Homo. The other casts 2 on possibleinterbreeding between three human species in the Middle East.Homo longi- Dragon man into English from Chinese, via Latin-is not a (n)3

2、find, but a reinterpretation of an existing one. The cranium (头盖)in question wasdug up in Harbin inl933 and is 4 at Hebei GEO University, in Shijiazhuang. It is 146,000 years old and was 5 badged as an archaic form of Homo sapiens (智人).But Ni Xijun and Ji Qiang, who work at the university, disagree.

3、 As they report in the Innovation, the cranium would indeed have contained a brain similar in size to a modern humans, but the fossil is too large to be sapiens and has molars and eye sockets which dwarf those of people today. Dr Ni and Dr Ji also realised that it is too long and low to be sapiens.

4、It lacks the 6 of a modern human cranium.This is good news for 7 of the recent- African- origin theory, which holds that most non-African human beings alive today are descendants of a small number of migrants who 8 to Asia from the Horn of Africa about60, 000 years ago, meaning that any nonAfrican h

5、uman fossil from before that date is probably of another species descended from earlier, non- sapiens departures from Africa. The question was, which earlier species did the Harbin fossil represent? By 9 it with known archaic humans, including Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo heidelbergensis an

6、d Homo neanderthalensis, Dr Ni and Dr Ji 10that it was none of them, and must therefore be new to science and so worthy of its own name. There is, however, one other possibility-for there is a now-extinct type of human of which no cranium has yet been H. Homo denisovas existence was established by t

7、heextraction of DNA from a finger bone, and traces of that DNA, a remnant of interspecies breeding, still exist in modern humans, notably in China. Since one of the Harbin fossifs molars perfectly matches the size and root 12 of a molar from the Denisova cave in Russia, after whichHomo denisova is n

8、amed, it may be that Dr Ni and Dr Ji have actually identified the first Denisovan cranium.The other study, published in Science by Israel Hershkovitz of Tel Aviv University, also speaks toThen, mentally place that picture somewhere 86 to you: in your house or at some point along your commute （上下班）,f

9、or example. Finally, make up a story about the items, which will help you connect them in the correct 87Sound like a lot of work? Indeed, it is. Ifs no 88 that many of the competitors on the World Memory Championship call themselves mental athletes. Just like athletes, they 89 to perfect their skill

10、s. That said, the Neuron study also reports that researchers taught a group of university students the memory-palace technique through daily half-hour lessons. After just six weeks, the students 90 scans looked more like those of the memorychampions.76. A. superhumanB. difficultC. incredibleD. meani

11、ngless77. A. worryB. rumourC. panicD. secret78. A. researchersB , memorizersC, heroesD. geniuses79. A. impersonallyB . effortlesslyC. feasiblyD. essentially80. A. differenceB , mysteryC conditionD. direction81. A. distanceB. actionC. visualD. audio82. A. definiteB. possibleC. importantD. demanding83

12、. A. eventsB, picturesC. filmsD. samples84. A. In additionB , For instanceC. By all meansD. On the whole85. A. unusualB. similarC. relatedD. unclear86. A. oppositeB. devotedC. closeD. familiar87. A. positionB. imageC , orderD. frame88. A. accidentB, goodC , ambitionD. defence89. A. wishB , trainC ,

13、arrangeD. forget90. A. handB. bodyC. eyeD. brain1. B参考答案：2. D3. B4. C5. A6. D7. B8. C9. A10. D11. B12. A13. D14. C15. A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述两项新的研究为人类进化这个谜团增加了更深入的信息。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项研究报道了一个可能的人属额外成员。A. faint虚弱无力 的；B. potential 可能的；C. routine 日常的；D. fake 假的。根据上文“Two new studies add further pieces to th

14、e jigsaw puzzle that is human evolution.可知，这两项研究对人类进化有 了 进一步 的了解，所以应该是发现了可能的人属成员。故选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个则阐明了中东地区三个人种杂交的可能性。A. soil 土壤;B. air 空气；C. water 水；D. light 光。根据下文“possible interbreeding between three human species in the Middle East”可知，这一项研究是发现了中东地区三个人种杂交的可能性。cast light on表示“照亮，阐明，揭露”的意思。故选D。考查形

15、容词词义辨析。句意：人属隆吉通过拉丁语，从汉语进入英语的“龙人”不是 一个新奇的发现，而是一个对已经存在的重新解读。A. secret秘密的；B.novel新奇的；C. relative有关的；D.reverse倒转的。根据下文“an existing one”可知，这是已经存在的，不是 新奇的。故选B。4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个头盖骨于1933年在哈尔滨被挖掘出来，并保存在石家庄的 河北地质大学。A. headed朝去；B. handled解决；C.held握住，拥有；D. handed递送。根据上文“The cranium （头盖）in question was dug up in

16、Harbin in 1933”可知，这个头盖骨于 1933年在哈尔滨被挖掘出来之后，接下来要被保存下来。故选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意:它14万6千岁了，并且最初被认为是古代智人的标志。A. originally 最初；B. independently独立地；C.unexpectedly意料之外地；D. inevitably不可避免地。根 据下文“But Ni Xijun and Ji Qiang, who work at the university, disagree. As they report in the Innovation, the cranium would indeed h

17、ave contained a brain similar in size to a modern humans, but the fossil is too large to be sapiens and has molars and eye sockets which dwarf those of people today”可知，后来有人对它质疑，所以只是在最初的时候被人们认为是智人的标志。 故选Ao考查名词词义辨析。句意：它缺少现代人类头盖骨的圆润。A. laziness懒惰;B. selfishness 自私；C. effectiveness 有效；D. roundness 圆润。根据

18、上文“Dr Ni and Dr Ji also realised that it is too long and low to be sapiens.”可知，倪博士和纪博士说它太长太低，所以是不圆润。故选 Do考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对近代非洲起源理论的支持者们来说是个好消息，这条理论认 为，当今活着的大部分非非洲人类都是少量移民的后裔，那些移民是大约6万年前从非洲好 望角进入亚洲的，这意味着在此之前的任何非非洲人类化石，很可能是另一个更早的离开了 非洲的非智人的物种后裔。A. directors董事；B. supporters支持者；C.investors投资者；D. reminders

19、提醒。 根据下文“which holds that most non-African human beings alive today are descendants of a small number of migrants who 8 to Asia from the Horn of Africa about60, 000 years ago J可知，这些人是近代非洲起源理论的支持者们。故选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第7题详解。A. took带走；B. left离开；C. crossed横跨；D. toured 旅行。根据下文“to Asia from the Hom of Afric

20、a”可知，这些人从非洲好望角到亚洲，是横跨 非亚大陆。故选C。9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过把它和已知的古人类，包括直立人、佛罗勒斯人、海德堡人 和尼安德特人等相比，倪博士和纪博士总结出，它不是他们中的任何一种，并且因此，一定 是新的科学，所以值得它自己的名字。A. comparing比较;B.applying申请；C. referring提 至lj； D. persisting 坚持。根据下文“it with known archaic humans, including Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo heidelbergensis and H

21、omo neanderthalensis”可知，是把这个头骨和已知的古 人类相比较。故选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。A. excluded排除；B.included包括；C. mentioned 提到；D. concluded 总结。根据下文“that it was none of them, and must therefore be new to science and so worthy of its own name.”可知，这是倪博士和纪博士在做了对比之后得出的结 论。故选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，还有令一种可能性因为有一种现已灭绝的人类的头 盖骨还没有被识别出

22、来。A. equipped装备；B. identified识别；C.perfected使完美；D. launched 发射。根据上文“fbr there is a now-extinct type of human of which no cranium has yet been”可知, 这种人类现在已经灭绝，所以他们的头盖骨仍然没有被识别出来。故选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于哈尔滨化石中的一颗臼齿与俄罗斯丹尼索瓦洞穴中一颗臼齿 的大小和根部结构完全吻合，丹尼索瓦人就是以丹尼索瓦洞的名字命名的，也许正是这才使 得倪博士和纪博士确定了第一个丹尼索瓦人头盖骨。A. structure结构；B.

23、 range区域；C. lead 领导；D. fill装满。根据上文“perfectly matches the size”可知，这里是指它们的尺寸和根部结 构。故选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：即使是最近非洲起源理论的支持者也承认，止匕外，还有更早的智 人从东北非“渗透到黎凡特地区。A. by contrast作为对比；B. as a result因此；C. in reality 实际上；D. in addition止匕外。根据这句话的上下文意思可知，下文“an earlier “ leakage” of Homo sapiens from north-east Africa into the

24、 Levant.”是上文所提内容之外的另一条理论说法。 故选Do考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hershkovitz博士和他的同事们一直在研究相关的古人化石，那是从以色列的纳舍拉姆拉采集的12万至14万年前的古代化石。A. opposite相反的；B. crucial关键的；C.relevant相关的;D.compulsory强制的，必修的。根据下文 antiquity120,000-140,000 years”可知，他们在研究的是12万至14万年前的有关系的化石。 故选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：这向他们表明它们是所有这三种人混合的产物。A. product产品； B. property 财产；

25、C. procedure 过程；D. protein 蛋白质。根据下文“of miscegenation between all three”可知，他们发现的是所有这三种人混合的产物。故选A。10. C11. C12. B13. B14. D15. A16. D17. A18. B19. A20. C21. B22. D23. C24. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“网络喷子”是指在网上聊天室、社交网站或博客上发表侮 辱性言论的人。一些喷子的评论是无害的，而另一些发表的评论伤害极大。文章就Nicola Brookes的事件为例展开说明，说明了网络喷子的出现的原因，以及网络喷

26、子不为自己言行 负责的情况即将发生改变。16 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的目的不是参与讨论，而是让人们心烦或生气。A. entertain 娱乐；B. locate位于；C. upset使心烦；D. welcome欢迎。结合下文or make them angry可知 是让人们心烦或生气。故选C。17 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时这些评论是相当无害的。A. informative通知的；B. convincing令人信服的；C.harmless无害的；D.unfair不公平的。结合下文However, many trolls are far more dangerous and pos

27、t comments that are deeply hurtful.许多网络喷子要危险得多，他们发表的评论伤害极大。可知此处指这类评论是并无害的。故选C。18 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些访问该网站的人可能认为这个观点是真实的，并开始争 论。A. laughing大笑;B.arguing争论;C. proving证明；D.applauding赞同。结合上文可知 喷子说全球变暖是二流科学家虚构的，有些人认为这个观点是真实的，因此就会发生争论。 故选B。19 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：A. anxiety焦虑；B. sympathy同情；C. dissatisfaction不满意； D. ho

28、pe 希望。结合上文 In 2011, 45-year-old Nicola Brookes left a message of support for a reality TV contestant on Facebook.可知布鲁克斯对这名年轻男子表示支持和同情。故选Bo 20.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：仅在24小时内就有100多条残酷的信息被发送出去， Facebook上还以她的名字建立了一个虚假的页面。A. appealing吸引人的；B. complex复杂 的；C. famous 出名的；D. fake 假的。结合上文 Ms Brookes left a message on hi

29、s Facebook page, saying simply: Keep your chin up, Frankie, they911 move on to someone else soon/They did move on to someone else一Ms Brookes一within minutes,可知舆论被转到了 Brookes 女士那里， 别人以她的名字建立了一个虚假页面。故选D。21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2012年，英超足球运动员法布里斯穆阿姆巴在一场比赛中 倒地，当时推特上出现了以他的不幸为乐并嘲笑他的种族主义信息。A. misfortune不幸；B. distres

30、s 危难；C. feeling 感觉；D. violence 暴力。结合上文 Premier League footballer Fabrice Muamba collapsed on the field during a match in 2012可知法布里斯穆阿姆巴在一场比赛中倒 地，别人以他的不幸为乐。故选A。22. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，Muamba完全康复了。A. Occasionally偶尔；B. Strangely 奇怪地;C. Generally 通常;D. Thankfully 感谢地。结合后文 Muamba made a complete recovery可知M

31、uamba完全康复了，真是谢天谢地。故选D。23. 考查连词辨析。句意：那么，为什么这些喷子发布的信息会造成如此大的痛苦呢?结合 下文They behave badly online because they feel可知此处为说明原因，引导原因状语从句， 故选Ao24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们中的一些人是悲伤的，有自己的问题的孤独的人，他们 享受他们的帖子所吸引的注意力。A. fear害怕;B. enjoy享受；C.hold握住；D. give给予。 结合上文 Some of them are sad, lonely people with their own problems 可知这

32、些喷子中一些人 是悲伤的，有自己的问题的孤独的人，他们借助发帖来享受他人的注意力。故选B。25. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们在网上表现很差，因为他们觉得自己从礼貌和体贴的正 常行为中解放出来了。A. liberated from 解放;B. curious about 好奇；C. satisfied with 满足； D. dependent on 依靠。结合下文 They are in a virtual world and do not have to face their victims. 可知因为他们在一个虚拟世界里，不必面对他们的受害者，他们觉得自己从礼貌和体贴的正 常行为中解放出

33、来了。故选A。26. 考查介词短语辨析。句意:他们会说一些他们不敢当面说的话。A. for sure确实；B. on stage 在台上;C. in person 当面；D. with confidence 自信地。结合上文 They are in a virtual world and do not have to face their victims,可知他们身处虚拟世界，不必面对受害者。因此他们能说 一些不敢当面说的话。故选C。27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，喷子们相信他们可以保持默默无闻，没有人会发现他 们是谁。A. wonder 好奇；B. discover 发现；C. say

34、 说；D. remember 记住。结合上文 trolls believe that they can remain unknown and that no one will ever可知喷子们相信彳也们可以保持默默无闻, 因此没有人会发现他们是谁。故选B。28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种情况即将改变。A. return返回；B. happen发生； C. collapse 彳到塌；D. change 改变。 结合后文 So she contacted lawyers and began legal action to force Facebook to disclose the i

35、dentities of the trolls who had been tormenting her.可矢口 Nicola Brookes采取了反击，因此喷子们在网络上不为自己言行负责的情况即将改变。故选D。29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她打赢了官司，可以自由地对那些折磨她的人提起私人诉讼。 A. lost 失去；B. filed 申请；C. won 赢得;D. forgot 忘记。结合后文 is free to pursue private prosecutions against those responsible for tormenting her 可知她打赢了官司。故选 Co30

36、. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着网络喷子面临曝光和未来可能的起诉，希望他们在发布侮辱性信息前三思。A. competition 竞争；B.wealth财富；C.embarrassment尴尬；D. exposure曝光。结合上文Nicola Brookes打赢了官司，将那些攻击她的人曝光，因此将来网 络喷子也将面临着曝光和被起诉的可能。故选D。31. C32. B33. B34. A35. D36. C37. A38. D39. B40. C41. A42. D43. D44. B45. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公司采用混合工作方式的好处。考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大

37、多数情况下，这意味着一些员工在办公室工作，一些员工在 工作场所之外工作要么在家，要么从另一个地方远程工作还有一些员工可以根据任 务、截止日期和个人需求在办公室和远程工作之间灵活切换。A. office办公室；B. enterprise 企业；C. home 家；D. department 部门。根据some employees working 0msite和“or remotely from another location”可知，在工作场所之外工作包括在家工作或从另一个地方远程工作。故选C。考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，这意味着一些员工在办公室工作，一些员 工在工作场所之外工作

38、要么在家，要么从另一个地方远程工作还有一些员工可以根 据任务、截止日期和个人需求在办公室和远程工作之间灵活切换。A. succeeding in成功； B. depending on 依靠；取决于；C. taking on 承担；D. setting aside 留出。根据“tasks, deadlines, and personal needs.”可知，是在办公室办公还是远程办公取决于任务、截止日期和个人需求。故选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当企业采用严重依赖远程优先方法的混合工作模式时，位置的整 个概念就被移除了。A. developed发展；B. removed消除；C. defined

39、定义；D. grasped抓住。 根据When businesses adopt hybrid work models, which rely heavily on a remote-first approach, 可知，企业采取混合工作模式时，位置的概念会被移除。故选B。考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过使用云解决方案、视频会议技术和类似的工具连接到工作场 所，员工不需要亲自到工作场所来完成他们的工作尽管如果他们愿意的话，他们可以出 现在工作场所，或者在面对面交流更适合的场合。A. physically身体上地；B. visually视觉 上地；C. instantly 立即地；D. proper

40、ly 适当地。根据By connecting to the workplace using cloud solutions, video conferencing technology, and similar tools J 可知，员工不需要亲自到工作场所 就可以完成他们的工作。故选A。考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：通过使用云解决方案、视频会议技术和类似的工具连接 到工作场所，员工不需要亲自到工作场所来完成他们的工作尽管如果他们愿意的话，他 们可以出现在工作场所，或者在面对面交流更适合的场合。A. business商业；B. regular定 期的；C. effective 有效的；D.

41、face-to-face 面对面的。根据“although they can be if they prefer to be,”可知，员工们根据需要，也可以面对面地交流。故选D。考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，当坏天气可能使人们无法进入办公室时，他们仍然可 以在家工作。A. In brief 简言之；B. Above all 首先；C. For instance 例如；D. In particular 特 别 o 根据“This can offer a number of benefits for both employees and employers,”可知,这里举 例介绍混合的工作方式

42、的好处。故选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果发生重大事件需要避开工作场所就像C0VID-19 大流行那样对工作场所的干扰也将最小。A. avoid避免；B.clean打扫；C.attend参加；D. reserve 保留。根据as was the case with the COVID-19 pandemic”可知，像 COVID-19 大流 行需要员工避开聚集的工作场所。故选A。38.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果发生重大事件需要避开工作场所就像C0VID-19 大流行那样对工作场所的干扰也将最小。A. considerable重要的；B. continuous连续不断的；C.

43、unnecessary 不必要的；D. minimal 最小的。根据“if major events make it necessary to 7 the workplace”可知，避开工作场所可以将对工作场所的干扰降到最小。故选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，消除地域障碍在招生方面具有极大的优势，使雇主能够接 触到更广泛的人才库，更容易找到合格的候选人,并建立更加多样化和包容性的劳动力队伍。 A. judgement 判断；B. enrollment 登记；招收；C. procedure 程序；D. management 管理。根 据“allowing employers to gain

44、access to a wider talent pool, making it easier to find qualified candidates and build a more diverse and inclusive workforce.”可知，企业采取混合工作模式会消 除地域障碍，从而可以招收到更优秀的人才。故选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：灵活的工作安排现在是求职者最追求的福利之一，采用混合模 式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时处于更有利的地位。A. formal正式的；B. wise明智的；C.flexible 灵活的；D. complex 复杂的。根据“Another major

45、 benefit associated with flexible work schedules and the hybrid work model is the ability to make a business more 12.”可矢口,求职者更喜欢灵活的工作安排。故选C。考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：灵活的工作安排现在是求职者最追求的福利之一，采用混合 模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时处于更有利的地位。A. compete for为争夺；B. put up建造；C. vote for投票赞成；D. comb out移出；清除。根据“With10 workarrangements now am

46、ong the top benefits sought after by job seekers J 可 知, 灵活 的工作 安排让 采用混合模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时更有优势。故选Ao考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个与弹性工作时间和混合工作模式相关的主要好处是能够 使业务更可持续。A. fast-growing迅速增涨；B. profitable有益的；C. competitive竞争的； D. sustainable 可持续的。 根据“This is important because research suggests that employees are more likely to

47、 take a job and stay in a job with companies that have a strong environmental agenda.”可知，员工希望通过弹性工作时间和混合工作模式使得业务更可持续性。故选D。43. the question of interspecific interbreeding. Even supporters of the recent-African-origin theory recognise that there was,13, an earlier leakage95 of Homo sapiens from north-

48、east Africa into the Levant. Dr Hershkovitz and his colleagues have been examining fossils of14 antiquity120,000-140,000 years collected from Nesher Ramla, a site in Israel.These, they found, have sapiens-like jaw bones, Neanderthal-like molars and crania similar to those of Homo erectus. This suggests to them that they are the 15 of miscegenationbetween all three.1. A. faintB.potentialC. routineD. fake2. A. soilB.airC , water