2019届嘉定区高考英语二模.docx

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1、11. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10 分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best

2、 fits each blank.Eat healthier without quitting sugarNot long ago, fat was regarded as the evil for a healthy diet. Before that it was salt. Now the sugar-free diet (21)(explode) onto the health scene - and seems to have topped many peoples list of New Years resolutions.Sugar-free diets encourage pe

3、ople to avoid sweetener such as honey, soft drinks and some fruits. Some also recommend (22)(restrict) dairy products. The diefs advocates note that excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk of heart disease and some cancers. So many sugar-free followers avoid milk, yoghurt and cheese (23)th

4、e assumption that these products contain sugars.Ifs true we are swallowing too much of the sweet stuff, with the average American consuming around 20 teaspoons of (24)(add) sugar a day. But you dont need (25)(quit) sugar for healthy eating. Quitting sugar is unlikely to improve your health any more

5、than cutting down on over-processed foods and eating more vegetables.Research shows dieting is not effective over the long term and can lead to greater weight gain over time. The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, (26)causes the storage of fat. Besides, the sugar-free diet is confus

6、ing and imposes a set of rules that (27)(make) up without scientific evidence. Such a restrictive diet can create food fear or an unhealthy relationship with food. People who worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be (28) they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain n

7、utrients have on their health.Through series of experiments, (29)the researchers are certain about is that you can eat plenty of plants, enjoy whole grains and beans. Fruit is you friend, not your enemy. Most people could probably eat a little less sugar, a little (30)(often), but you dont have to q

8、uit it for good to be healthy.Section B (10 分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as j

9、unior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns.69 By acknowledging that these anxieties werecommon, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? 70 despite thepressures that c

10、omes with their roles - including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death - police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with meatal health disorders. Mentoring ther

11、eby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open and honest communication of sensitive topics.IV . Summary writing (10 分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own w

12、ords as far as possible.An international team of researchers found employees who endure what is known as abusive supervision“ are more likely to behave poorly on purpose by messing up tasks, arriving late, taking long breaks and putting in minimal effort.The authors of the study, published in the Jo

13、urnal of Management, sought to answer why horrible bosses make employees less willing to show what is known as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or commitment to the company outside of their contractual obligations. That could include helping colleagues or volunteering for unusual work hour

14、s. They also assessed its effect on a workers tendency to harm the organization, by displaying counterproductive (反作用的) work behavior (CWB)To find out more, and uncover which negative outcome bullying (欺凌)behavior is more likely to cause, researchers from Southwestern University of Finance and Econo

15、mics in China, Renmin University of China and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia cooperated and analyzed 427 existing studies. They found workers acted out either because they felt they were being treated unfairly in the workplace, or felt stressed and this affected their ability to per

16、form as expected. An employee who felt they were a victim of injustice tender more towards reluctance to show OCB. Stressed workers, meanwhile, were more associated with CWB.Employers who worried supervisors are affecting productivity can take steps to ease issues by regularly training managers, int

17、roducing policies which cope with workplace injustices and helping workers to deal with stress.This is not the first study to suggest unkind practices can affect the well-being of workers.The paper follows a study published in the European Heart Journal last year, which showed employees who suffer b

18、ullying are more likely to develop heart diseases than those who arent. Bullying and violence are common at workplaces and those exposed to these stressors are at higher risk.V . Translation (15 分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .多

19、亏了我们共同努力，最近项目有了进展。(progress)73 .只有那些学业表现优秀且个人素质高的学生，才会被授予奖学金。(w汕)74 .你眼下所面临的问题是，如何尽快克服每天服用安眠药才能入睡的习惯。(overcome)75 .令人欣慰的是，尽管他年轻时遭受巨大不幸，他对生活仍然乐观，心存善意，追求美好。 (optimistic)VI. Guided writing (25 分)Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chine

20、se.假设你是明启中学学生王华，你校学生会将组织暑期志愿者活动，有三个项目供选择: 1 ,到历史博物馆担任讲解员；2、到科创中心担任辅导员；3、到医院担任导医。学生科 根据自己的志愿和特长优势，网上申请其中一项。你有意向提出申请。你递交的申请信需说 明：1 .所选择的的具体工作。2 .为什么选择这项工作；3 .如何出色完成该工作。参考答案：21. has exploded 22. restricting 23. because of 24. added 25. to quit26. which 27. are made 28. because 29. what 30. less often31

21、. D 32. H 33. A 34. F 35. B 36. G 37. E 38. C 39. E 40. J41-45 CABAB56. D57. B60. C61. B63. A64. C67. F68. B51-55 BADBC46-50 AADBC58. A 59. D62. D65. A 66. D69. F 70. AA. picturing B. separated C. vary D. celebration E. complicatedF. vast G. roughly H. mythical I. delicately J. stressK. distinguishi

22、ngThe United Nations9 series of language days“ are designed to promote the use of the six official languages of the UN as well as to celebrate cultural and linguistic diversity （语言多样性）. Chinese Language Day is the 20th April. It9s a time chosen to fit in with the Chinese31 of Guyu （古语）,which honours

23、 Cangjie - the four-eyed 32 figure who is traditionally understood to have created Chinese characters in the time of the Yellow Emperor, 5000 years ago.33. But Mandarin Chinese is far from the only variant of the Chinese language-or the onlylanguage spoken in China. In fact, there are a great number

24、 of Chinese languages. Remember-this is a country which is both very large and very, very old. Different regions are within the 34 expanse of territory, that is, China can be 35 not only by great distances but also by broadly geographical features such as mountain ranges.It is hard to guess how many

25、 dialects actually exist. In general, dialects can be 36classified into one of the seven large groups: Putonghua （Mandarin）, Gan, Kejia （Hakka）, Min, Wu, Xiang, and Yue （Cantonese）. Each language group contains a large number of dialects.Understanding the situation is 37 by the fact that, while many

26、 Chinese people in different geographical areas of the country may not understand each other when they speak their regional dialect, they may share the same written language even if their pronunciation of different characters within that language may 38.A 39 feature across all Chinese languages is t

27、one. For instance, Mandarin has fourtones and Cantonese has six tones. Tone, in terms of language, is the pitch （高音）in which syllables （音节）in words are spoken. In Chinese, different words 40 different keys. Some words evenhave pitch variations in one single syllable.IH. Reading ComprehensionSection

28、A （15 分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in 2009, it was the first （and so far

29、, the only） time a woman won a Nobel for Economics. That prize has 41 for nearly 50 years. We dont do a great job of recognizing womens contributions to scienceand innovation. My colleagues and I wondered; Is one of the reasons why women are more likely to 42 science than men because they dont recei

30、ve the same recognition?To understand how 43 shapes womens motivation to remain in science, we first had to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible 44 , prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and they also in

31、fluence those who make decisions about scientific 45 and other financial support.Our study focused on prizes in the biomedical sciences. If were going to find 46 anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s. 47 this, of

32、all Nobels awarded to women, a full two-thirds have been for biomedical research. Our 48 was simple: we documented all biomedical research prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awards and importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their 49 The

33、n we measured the percentage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.Our initial results highlighted overall 50 news; the proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender and quality of prize

34、s awarded, we observed a major difference: on average, women scientists win prizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further research suggests that theres no 51 that the quality or value of women-led research is any lower than that of men, as measured by citatio

35、ns （弓I 用）per article, productivity, or width of research topics studied. 52 women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fall significantly behind in regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that

36、the gender gap has somewhat 53 when it comes to science prizes, great injustice is hidden just below. The problem likely 54 beyond the borders of science. In business, for example, prizes and funding for newtechnolog and innovation may follow a similar pattern, helping to explain the phenomenon obse

37、rved for female entrepreneurs, again 55 by research. This is something worth examining in greater depth.41. A. remained42. A. leave43. A. contribution44. A. indicatorB. awardedB. doubtB. recognitionB. substanceC. existedC. questionC. resolutionC. confirmationD. establishedD. suspectD. promotionD. co

38、mpliment45. A. experiments B. innovationC. studyD. grants46. A. gender equalityB. research prospectsC. innovation patterns48. A. concept49. A. improvement50. A. vague51. A. description52. A. Therefore53. A. highlighted54. A. dominates55. A. turned outSection B （22 分）B. outcomeB. qualityB.suddenB. ev

39、idenceB. HoweverB. eliminatedB. extendsB. taken onD. government controlC. requirementD. approachC. accomplishmentD. reputationC. goodD. fundamentalC. documentC. InsteadC. strengthenedC. overtakesC. backed upD. comparisonD. NeverthelessD. narrowedD. justifiesD. held upDirections：Read the following th

40、ree passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）“The history of the world is but the biography （传记

41、）of great men J argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the “Great Man Theory of History. This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carl

42、yles theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, youUl likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case?First, I find goo

43、d biographies fascinating. Til occasionally read a novel, but Ive never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchesters The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.Second, I

44、 find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what ot

45、her itemsgrab your attention. Youll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion, Strictly speaking , a biography is but a slice of history.Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill

46、 once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchills saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and ente

47、ring into another world.This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Dont be counted among their number.56. What is implied in the first paragraph?A. The author finds Carlyles theory undebatable.B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C.

48、 It is debatable whether one should read great mens biographies.D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.57. What does the underlined phrase “other items“ in the third paragraph refer to ?A. good biographiesB. stores of certain timesC. the volumes of The Last Lion D. the chapters of the British Empire58. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.D. the author profi