乐亭县农村电网可靠性评估与影响因素研究论文大学论文.doc
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1、乐亭县农村电网可靠性评估与影响因素研究Assessment and Enhancement of Laoting County DistributionNetwork Reliability中文摘要配电网是电力系统中直接针对用户的环节,其主要功能是向各种规模的用户传输电能。现代社会对电能的要求越来越高,除满足一定的可靠性外,还要尽可能的满足经济性的要求。在系统的规划、运行阶段可以通过电网改造、增加投资费等措施提高供电可靠性。然而,一味的追加投资必将导致运行成本的增加,难以满足经济性的要求;同样过分限制投资又将必然导致系统可靠性水平的降低。在供电部门对用户满意程度越来越关注的今天,如何在配电网的
2、规划、运行过程中协调好可靠性和经济性的问题已经成为迫切需要解决的实际课题。配电网可靠性成本一效益分析将系统投资成本与可靠性效益有机的结合起来,为配电系统的可靠性经济评价提供了有效的依据。配电网可靠性评估的算法是进行配网可靠性研究的重要课题。本论文在综述了一些常用的配网可靠性评估算法的基础上,提出了一种基于成功概率的配电网可靠性评估方法,通过对配电网工作机理的分析,介绍了带有复杂分支馈线的配电网可靠性评估新方法。通过算例对该方法与其它方法进行了对比,表明了该方法在程序设计、计算速度和精度方面具有优势。可靠性成本与可靠性效益是一对矛盾体。论文给出了以可靠性成本与可靠性效益相结合作为寻求配网最优的投
3、资策略的目标函数。详细讨论了配电网负荷支路是否设置断路器以及在负荷支路是否设置备用变压器的判据。通过对不同情况下某段主馈线上分段开关是否设置对系统停电损失造成的影响,将主馈线分段开关的可靠性成本与可靠性效益结合,最终得到了主馈线分段开关的最佳设置策略。论文对配电网的投资策略进行了研究,将供电企业和电力客户结合起来进行考虑,在分析可靠性指标的基础上考虑电力客户的停电损失,将停电损失和投资费用结合,从而得到最优的投资方案,并将该优化方案应用到测试系统中,验证了本文所提优化函数的有效性和实用性。从提高配电网负荷点供电可靠性的角度出发,对*县电网的供电可靠性问题进行了深入的研究。本文首先简要回顾了可靠
4、性评估的发展概况,指出了现有分析方法的优缺点,采用复杂网络分层等值简化法和最小路法分析评估了*县电网供电可靠性水平,然后根据供电可靠性评估的结论结合电网实际提出了多套*县电网供电可靠性改进方案。之后站在经济性的角度对提出的多套改进方案作了优劣比较,给出了明确的优劣评判指标,对评判的结果做出了详尽的说明,最后根据比较的结果和作者的经验给出了对提高*县电网供电可靠性的建议。通过数值仿真计算和*县实际电网模型的算例分析,给出了可靠性评估的结果,证明了所用方法的准确性和有效性。通过引入经济性指标给出了地区电网可靠性提高的最优化提高方案。关键词:配电网,可靠性,评估,最小路方法,成本效益分析ABSTRA
5、CTThe distribution network is connected directly to customers in power system, its main function is to supply customers with electricity. Modern society demands that electrical energy should be as economical as possible with a reasonable degree of continuity and quality. The continuity of energy sup
6、ply can be increased by improved system structure, increased investment during either the planning phase, operating phase or both. Over-investment can lead to excessive operating cost, which must be reflected in the tariff structure .Consequently, the economic constrain will be violated although the
7、 probability of the system being inadequate rnay become very small. On the other hand, under-investment leads to the opposite situation. How to plan distribution networks and get the balance between economy and reliability is a very important problem. Reliability cost/worth assessment provides the o
8、pportunity to incorporate cost analysis and quantitative reliability assessment into a common structured framework. The algorithm of reliability evaluation is an important subject in the power distribution system reliability research. A new method based on successful probability to the evaluation of
9、 the distribution system reliability is developed in this dissertation. An example is introduced to show how to evaluate the complex distribution system reliability, which is based on analyzing the working mechanism of the distribution system. The example also compared the new developed method with
10、other traditional methods showing that the new method has advantage in programming, calculating speed and accuracy.The reliability cost and the reliability benefit is opposite in distribution systems. The objective function of the optimization investment strategy of the distribution systems is prese
11、nted by combining the reliability cost with the reliability benefit in this. paper. The consequences of outage to the systems with different deployment schemes of the disconnect switches are analyzed and compared. A theorem is proposed on how to deploy the disconnect switches on the beginning of the
12、 main feeder to achieve the best overall benefit Whether the fuse should be mounted and whether the standby transformer should be prepared in the load branch is particularly discussed and two criterions about this issue are also proposed. The investment strategy of the distribution system network is
13、 carried. The lowest cost scheme is found by combining the losses with the investment, which considers the investment strategy both of the utility and of the customer. The scheme is also validated by a test system, results show that the scheme is right and practical.The study centralizes the enhance
14、ment of reliability of load point in distribution network. And discuss at subject of reliability of distribution system at Laoting county. Firstly, the article briefly reviewed the history of the assessment technology of power distribution network, and lay stress on the defects of the resent methods
15、. New method of reliability assessment based on the minimal path method and equivalent approach is proposed for complicated distribution system. The level of power supply reliability at Laoting county is evaluated by this method. The outputs of assessment with experience of operation are used to dev
16、elop some improving plan for distribution system reliability at Laoting county. After that, the improving plans are checked carefully by the ankle of economic viewer, and definite criterions are liven in paper. The reasons of comparison and selection are explained carefully. By the end of paper, bas
17、ed on the result of comparison of improving plans and authors experience, some proposition for reliability improvements of distribution system at Laoting county are liven. The result of digital simulation and evaluation of model based on real network at Laoting county are used to assess the reliabil
18、ity. The sample test shows that new method is effective and accurate. The optimal one of improving plans for local network is shown after the use of economical criterions. Keywords:distribution network, reliability, assessment, minimal path method, cost/benefit analysis目录第一章 绪论11.1 背景和意义11.1.1背景11.1
19、.2意义21.2 配电网可靠性评估方法综述31.2.1可靠性评估模型31.2.2可靠性评估模型的改进41.2.3可靠性评估算法的改进51.2.4智能方法在可靠性评估中的应用51.3 配电网可靠性提高措施综述61.4 本文的内容介绍6第二章 配电系统可靠性研究的理论基础82.1配电网的特点及评估模型82.2 配电网可靠性评估的指标102.2.1 基本指标和计算公式112.2.2专用指标及其计算公式112.3 配电网可靠性评估的方法122.3.1 复杂配电网的可靠性等值方法132.3.2最小路法可靠性评估26162.3.3算例分析18第三章*县电网可靠性的评估203.1*县电网概述203.1.1*
20、电网整体概况203.1.2乐亭电网35KV变电站正常运行方式203.1.3*县电网结构图233.2*县电网可靠性评估的内容233.2.1*县电网供电可靠性现状分析241、供电可靠性管理体系结构242、供电可靠性指标体系253.2.2影响*县电网供电可靠性的因素分析313.2.3 影响供电可靠性水平的相关因素分析323.3县电网供电可靠性预测333.3.1可靠性目标预测方法333.3.2趋势外推法可靠性预测343.3.3灰色预测法可靠性预测373.3.4基于理论评估结果的可靠性预测383.3.5基于设备统计数据的可靠性预测403.3.6可靠性综合预测函数403.4可靠性预测值推荐方案42第四章*
21、县电网可靠性的提高444.1*县电网供电可靠性存在提高444.2提高*县电网供电可靠性的措施464.2.1减少外部人员导致故障停电事故次数的措施464.2.2减少过电压导致停电事故次数的技术措施474.2.3改进熄弧方式提高供电可靠性484.2.4减少每次停电时间494.2.5加强城网的管理和改造504.3效益分析514.3.1成本/效益分析方法524.3.2算例分析53第五章 结论55参考文献56致 谢58附 录591.附图1592. 2009年乐亭电网接线示意图(35KV及以上)593.乐亭电网35KV系统接线图6060第一章 绪论1.1 背景和意义1.1.1背景目前我国电力工业正在进行公
22、司化改组,由原来的国家垄断经营向放宽管制、自由竞争的电力市场机制转变,向商业化运营和法制化管理发展,即推行“两个根本性转变”,构筑与社会主义市场经济相适应的、以资本和电网调度为纽带的新的管理体制。随着电力部门的体制改革和电力市场的开放,电力企业的经营和管理策略也逐步从生产管理转移到面向用户、以用户为中心上来。面对国家宏观经济政策的冲击和市场竞争的压力,电力企业必须重视配电网持续供电的能力,重视用户的满意度,才能在优胜劣汰的市场竞争中求得生存与发展。另外随着信息化社会的到来和数字化经济的出现,以及人民生活水平的日益提高,用户对供电可靠性的要求也越来越高,配电系统的充裕性和为用户的重要设备提供高质
23、量的电力的要求也受到更高度的关注。因此供电可靠性,不仅与提高用户对企业的信任程度有关,而且与电力企业自身发展的关系也密不可分。配电系统可靠性分析是供电可靠性技术中的重要组成部分,提高配电系统可靠性水平是保证供电可靠性水平的重要手段之一。近年来国家电网公司已将供电可靠率指标列入供电企业“双达标”、“创一流”的必备条件之一;在1995年版电业生产事故调查规程中,10kV用户供电可靠率也被列入供电安全考核项目之中。随着电力企业管理工作的不断发展和深化,配电可靠性管理在生产管理工作中所占的位置也越来越重要。因此,进行配电系统可靠性研究已成为电力企业迫切需要解决的问题。乐亭县面积1308平方公里,地处环
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