2023年高考英语模拟试题及答案.pdf

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1、2023年 高 考 英 语 模 拟 试 题 第 二 部 分 阅 读（共 两 节，满 分 5 0分）第 一 节（共 15小 题；每 小 题 2.5分，满 分 37.5分）阅 读 下 列 短 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中 选 出 最 佳 选 项。AFeeling stressed out by the fast pace of life?Meet three ocean-going animals having mastered the art ofslow living.Bowhead WhaleIn 2007,a harpoon（鱼 叉）head was fo

2、und in a recently killed bowhead whale.That brand of harpoonhadnt been manufactured since 1885 indicating that the whale survived a whalers attack and went on tolive for another 130 years.Dating of the whale revealed that they can live to be over 200 years old,making them the longest-livedmammal.The

3、y remain disease-free until much late in their lives.Researchers discovered changes in theirDNA related to cancer,aging,and cell repair.This suggests that they have evolved special resistance to age-related disease and decline.Orange RoughyThe orange roughy takes its sweet time growing and maturing.

4、They only start to reproduce between 20and 40 years of age,but can live to be older than 150 years.Mucus（粘 液）outflowing from channels on theirheads and bodies can detect tiny changes in water pressure,helping them excel at the art of enemy avoidance.“Ming”the Ocean Quahog（北 极 蛤）Bom during the Ming D

5、ynasty,this quahog met its end when researchers were clearing the seabed.Bycounting its growth bands and dating the carbon in its shell,scientists determined that this clam settled ontothe seafloor approximately 507 years ago.Ming,and other long-lived clams like it,dont appear to grow old-am ounting

6、 to a 90-year-old human with the body and mind of a 20-year-old.21.What can we know about Bowhead whale?A.They can live for over 200 years.B.They live on after being attacked.C.They give birth to babies at 40 years old.D.They are the longest-lived marine animals.22.What was the longevity secret of M

7、ing the Ocean Quahog?A.Keeping healthy.B.Avoiding being eaten.C.Settling onto the seafloor.D.Staying young at heart.23.What can be concluded from the passage?A.Ming the Ocean Quahog will not grow old.B.Mings shell provided information of its age.C.Orange roughy have special resistance to disease.D.O

8、range roughy survive by changing water pressureBOne night,a hedgehog（刺 猬）was scanning the sky with his telescope,when he saw what seemed to bea spaceship flying to the moon.When he managed to properly focus on it,he found out that it was a craftbelonging to an unfortunate Martian who seemed to have

9、had an accident,and had to make an emergencylanding on the moon.The hedgehog realised that surely only he himself had seen this,so he decided to try to save the Martian.He called together a few animals to help.They couldnt think what to do,so they called fbr more and moreanimals to join in.In the en

10、d,practically everyone in the forest was involved.It occurred to them that if theystood on top of each other,they could build a big tower and perhaps reach the moon.That proved extremely difficult,and most animals ended up having had a finger in their eye,someonesfoot in their ear,and numerous bumps

11、 on the head.However,after much perseverance,they finally reachedthe moon and rescued the Martian.Most unfortunately,while he was coming down the tower of animals,thebear couldnt help sneezing.Oh,the disgusting,invisible,tiny-!The whole tower crashed to Earth with a great din including howls,roars,a

12、nd other assorted animalcries.Seeing all this,the Martian thought that the animals would be very angry with him because they wouldblame it all on him.But it was just the opposite.As they recovered from the fall,the animals jumped andclapped with joy,happy to have achieved something so difficult toge

13、ther.The whole day was spent partying.The Martian observed everything,and when he returned to his planet the other Martians were astonishedat what had happened.And so it was those simple and helpful animals that taught the Martians the importanceof working together,joyfully,in a team.24.What can we

14、learn about the rescue?A.The animals celebrated for their success.B.The hedgehog got all the animals to help.C.The Martian had intended to travel to the moon.D.The tower crashed because of the animals being exhausted.25.What does the underlined word“dirT mean in paragraph four?A.Anger.B.Force.C.Nois

15、e.D.Relief.26.What might happen to the Martians in the future?A.They will like to travel alone.B.They will live on their planet joyfully.C.They will always be ready for teamwork.D.They will no longer travel through space.27.What is probably the moral of the story?A.There is strength in numbers.B.A f

16、riend in need is a friend indeed.C.One good turn deserves another.D.Satisfaction from cooperation counts.cIn August 2012,when thousands of honeybees landed on the wings of a Delta aircraft headed to NewYork,interrupting refueling and baggage loading,Ben Shertzer,wildlife administrator at PittsburghI

17、nternational Airport,turned to master beekeeper Steve Repasky.Shertzer learned from Repasky thathoneybee numbers have sharply declined in recent years.Perhaps,thought Shertzer,the airport could hostsome hives（蜂 箱）.Colony Collapse Disorder（CCD）,first reported in 2006 by Pennsylvania beekeeper David H

18、ackenberg,occurs when the vast majority of bees in any given colony-generally worker bees-die out unexpectedly.Therefore,Hackenberg transports his hives across the country to pollinate（对.授 粉）crops:They mighttravel from Pennsylvania to California,and then,a few months later,those same hives might be

19、moved toMaine for the blueberry crop.In 2006,Hackenberg had left 400 hives in a field to pollinate Brazilian peppertrees;when he returned to the hives a month later,all but 36 hives had been abandoned.The bees had justdisappeared,leaving behind the queen and a few baby bees.By 2013,more than 10 mill

20、ion bee colonies hadbeen lost worldwide.Shertzer and Repasky approached airport management about placing hives in 2013,but were told thatthe program didnt fit the airports vision.It wasnt until Christina Cassotis came on board as CEO in 2015that things turned around.The airport currently has 110 col

21、onies.The program actually benefits the airportas well as the honeybees.“Swarming（成 群 飞 行）is reproductive behavior,says Repasky.In the spring,a healthy colony willdivide into two parts,and will take off in a swarm to locate a new home,traveling upwards of a mile or more.While theyre searching,theyll

22、 stop to rest on the first solid object they can find,whether its the wing of anaircraft,a runway taxi light,or a baggage cart.,To prevent this behavior,Shertzer and Repasky have placed15 swarm traps around the airfield offering the bees alternative landing spots.Its worked:Whereas theairport used t

23、o have 15 or more swarms a year interrupting air operations,in the past year it has had just three.28.Why did Shertzer contact Repasky in 2012?A.To let him help with baggage loading.B.To learn how to refuel a Delta aircraft.C.To ask him to help relocate the honeybees.D.To seek advice on how to raise

24、 honeybees.29.What is Hackenberg purpose of traveling around?A.To come to crops rescue.B.To do research on CCD.C.To build more new hives.D.To search for bee colonies.30.What do“swarm traps mentioned in the last paragraph refer to?A.Baggage carts.C.The wings of an aircraft.31.What is a suitable title

25、 for the text?A.Fun facts about honeybeesC.The latest in airport jobs:beekeeperB.Beehives.D.Runway taxi lights.B.Colony Collapse DisorderD.Unwanted visitors at an airportDThe first solar cell capable of powering everyday electrical equipment was made in the 1950s at BellLabs in New Jersey.Back then

26、the silicon-based（基 于 硅 的）panels were hugely expensive and turned just6%of sunlight into electricity.Since then,costs have come down dramatically and todays silicon solar cellscan turn up to 22%of sunlight into power.But theyre nearly maxed out in terms of efficiency.Now,perovskites（钙 钛 矿）offer the

27、potential for dramatic increases in power output,and they could ultimatelyreplace silicon altogether.Researchers at Oxford PV,a company spun out of the University of Oxford,made a major breakthroughin 2018.By coating silicon with perovskites they achieved 28%efficiency.The company believes it caneve

28、ntually reach 40%,or higher.ctIf we want to make all new power generation about solar photovoltaics（光 伏），then we need to keep driving the price down,“Henry Snaith,professor of physics at the University ofOxford and co-fbunder of Oxford PV,said.One way to do that is to keep pushing the efficiency or

29、poweroutput up,and this is where perovskites really come into play.Perovskites were discovered in 1839.Oxford PV uses a synthetic（合 成 的）version,made frominexpensive materials that are present on the Earth in large quantities,while other companies use variationsof the original mineral,collectively ca

30、lled perovskites.As well as improved solar efficiency,they work betterthan silicon in the shade,on cloudy days or even indoors.Perovskites can be printed using an inkjet（喷 墨 的）printer and can be as thin as wallpaper.Oxford PV hopes perovskites will eventually replace siliconentirely.Last month,Saule

31、 Technologies new factory in Warsaw began printing perovskite solar cells usinginkjet printers.Early next year,it will start supplying Swedish construction company Skanska Group.t4Thematerial is set to be a game changer in the energy field,because it works in every lighting condition,saidSaule Techn

32、ologies co-founder Olga Malinkiewicz.32.What can we say about silicon-based panels?A.They are incredibly expensive.B.B.They have been abandoned totally.C.They have existed for almost 50 years.D.They are relatively low in power output.33.What does Snaith try to stress in paragraph 2?A.The cost of per

33、ovskite solar cells.B.A key role to be played by perovskites.C.The applications of solar photovoltaics.D.A new way to replace solar photovoltaics.34.What is one of the advantages of perovskites?A.They exist widely on the Earth.B.They can be written on like paper.C.They can be printed with 3-D printe

34、rs.D.They perform well in poor lighting conditions.35.What was expressed in Malinkiewiczs words?A.Approval.B.Worry.C.Shock.D.Disappointment.第 二 节（共 5 小 题；每 小 题 2.5分，满 分 12.5分）阅 读 下 面 短 文，从 短 文 后 的 选 项 中 选 出 可 以 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项。选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余 选 项。Discoveries in Greenland indicate that Vikings（

35、维 京 人）lived there for hundreds of years,tradingwith the European continent before they disappeared.36 In 980 C.E.,Erik the Red headed fartherwest when he was driven away from Iceland for some reason.He set sail for land that was visible west ofIceland.Three years later,he returned to Iceland and con

36、vinced hundreds of others to join him in settling inthis new country.Some 25 boats set out for what Erik the Red had called Greenland.37Settling in Greenland posed an enormous challenge.Shelter,food,and clothing were,of course,essentialto survival.There were no trees large enough to produce wood for

37、 housing.These settlers had to build homesof driftwood,stone,and sod（草 皮）.The summer was too short to grow grain crops,so they farmeddomesticated animals imported from Europe and mainly relied on secondary products,such as milk andcheese.38 The settlers usually wore clothes made of the fur of wild a

38、nimals.At some point during the fourteenth century,Greenlands climate grew colder.Glaciers（冰 I）beganmoving slowly over the land,bringing with them a runoff of sand,mud,and stones.These things slowlyrobbed the settlers of valuable grassland.39 Recent evidence shows that their diet shifted from land-b

39、ased food to sea products.Like their relatives in Norway,the Vikings in Greenland tried to take advantageof the sea.Soon,the percentage of their food taken from the sea had risen to 80 percent.40 According to Danish archaeologist（考 古 学 家）Jette Ameborg,they struggled to adapt tothe increasingly diffi

40、cult conditions.As the weather worsened,they may have abandoned their settlementsand returned to Iceland.A.Who were the Vikings?B.Besides,they netted fish and hunted deer.C.However,the Greenlanders learned to adapt.D.Sports were also widely practiced by the Vikings.E.Well,what became of these early

41、settlers in Greenland?F.Only 14 boats survived the seas,and about 450 people set foot ashore.G.A central figure in this story was Erik the Red,who grew up in Iceland.第 三 部 分 语 言 运 用（共 两 节，满 分 3 0分）第 一 节（共 15小 题；每 小 题 1分，满 分 15分）阅 读 下 面 短 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中 选 出 可 以 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项。It

42、s interesting how our contacts influence our tomorrows day.People we are in relationships with 41us.When we change,we inevitably change our lifestyles and attitude.Lefs see whether your friends 42your future and if so,then in what ways they do so.When we 43 someone for the first time,we are trying t

43、o find out more about each other.The first44 you make on others counts.But your 45 contact with each other forms the general opinion of theperson you are 46 with.If you are a positive person who has a（n）47 personality,do not be shyto demonstrate it to strangers.Strangers become our friends and if yo

44、u ignore this fact and 48 to bewho and what you really are not,then you may 49 a lot of good friendships.Also,be wise and learn to50 the right sort of people.This is important for your future.Friends usually meet at places or go outside.Not only do you learn about their personalities andcharacters,y

45、ou also 51 what hobbies they have.Your friends9 interests may become your interests.Ifyou make friends with someone whose main activity is 52,you will most 53 want to work outtoo.If your circle of friends 54 people who lead a passive lifestyle and do not take care of themselves,it is very possible t

46、hat you will sooner or later turn into a(n)55 person.41.A.change B.improve C.need D.prevent42.A.determine B.design C.shape D.concern43.A.forget B.choose C.blame D.meet44.A.impression B.comment C.decision D.promise45.A.second B.further C.formal D.active46.A.arguing B.cooperating C.communicating D.dea

47、ling47.A.curious B.extraordinary C.charming D.inspiring48.A.refuse B.pretend C.manage D.prepare49.A.preserve B.ruin C.gain D.miss50.A.pick B.admit C.support D.believe51.A.find out B.care about C.work out D.think about52.A.reading B.travelling C.sports D.relaxation53.A.obviously B.likely C.actually D

48、.hopefully54.A.expect B.help C.include D.recognize55.A.active B.caring C.greedy D.lazy第 二 节(共 10小 题；每 小 题 1.5分，满 分 15分)阅 读 下 面 短 文，在 空 白 处 填 入 1个 适 当 的 单 词 或 括 号 内 单 词 的 正 确 形 式。Writing has become so dominated by a small number of global cultures that those6,000-7,000 languagesare written in perhaps

49、 140 scripts.Moreover,at least a third of the worlds remaining alphabets areendangered-they?re no longer taught in schools,56 used by only a small number of people.The importance and 57(urgent)of saving endangered languages have been recognized fortwo decades or more.Reviving endangered writing syst

50、ems,however,is a much 58(new)event.Nine years ago,when I 59(start)the Endangered Alphabets Project,script revival was essentially60 unexplored field.At first,my aim was to document script loss by carving texts in wood and thenraise awareness by 61(set)up exhibitions of the carvings and giving talks