计算机导论课后答案.pdf

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1、Chapter 1 Exercises and AnswersAnswers are in blue.For Exercises 1-10,choose from the following list of people.A.LeibnizPascalc BabbageD LovelaceE.HollerithF.ByronG TtiringH Jacquard1.What French mathematician built and sold the first gear-drivenmechanical machine that did addition and subtraction?B

2、2.Who built the first mechanical machine that did addition,subtraction,multiplication,and division?A3.Who designed the first mechanical machine that included memory?C4.Who was considered the first programmer?D5.Who proposed that a punched card be used for counting the census?E6.Who edited Babbages w

3、ork?D7.Who was Ada Lovelaces father?F Who would have been mentioned in the book the Code Breakers?G41493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 19.Who developed the concept of punched holes used in weaving cloth?H10 Who is associated with IBM?EFor Exercises 11-23,match the hardware listed to the ap

4、propriate generation.A.Firste SecondC ThirdD FourthE Fifth11.Circuit boardsC12.TransistorB13.Magnetic core memoryB14.Card input/outputA15.Parallel computingD16.Magnetic drumA17.Magnetic tape drivesA18.Integrated circuitsC19.Personal computerD20.Vacuum tubeA21.Large scale integrationD2 Answers to Exe

5、rcises41493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 222.Magnetic discB23.NetworkingDFor Exercises 24-38,match the software or software concepts listed to theappropriate generation.A.FirstH.Secondc ThirdD FourthE.Fifth24.AssemblersA25.FORTRANB26.Operating systemsC27.Structured programmingD28 Time Sha

6、ringC29.HTML(for the Web)E30.LoadersB31.SpreadsheetsD32.Word processorsD33.LispB34.PC-DOSDChapter 1 341493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 335.Loaders/linkers bundled into Operating SystemC36.JavaE37.SPSSc38.C+DExercises 39-55 are short-answer questions.39.What do we mean by the statement th

7、at the 1980s an 1990s must becharacterized by the changing profile of the user?The original user was the programmer who had a problem to solve.Bythe 1970s,application programs were being written such that nonprogrammerscould use them to solve problems.With the advent ofthe personal computer,many peo

8、ple began using the computer forpersonal correspondence,personal accounts,and games.4。Distinguish between computing as a tool and computing as a discipline.Computing as a tool refers to the use of computing by people to solveproblems in their professional or personal life.Computing as a disciplinere

9、fers to the study of the body of knowledge that makes upcomputer science and/or computer engineering.41.Is computing a mathematical discipline,a scientific discipline,or anengineering discipline?Explain.Computing is neither a mathematical discipline nor a scientific disciplinenor an engineering disc

10、ipline;it has roots in all three disciplines.Boolean algebra,logic,and numerical analysis contribute greatly tothe foundations of computing.Simulation and model building fromthe scientific discipline contribute to the foundations of computing.The techniques from engineering of building large systems

11、 contributeto the foundations of computing.42.Distinguish between systems areas and applications areas in computingas a discipline.The systems areas of computing as a discipline relate to the understandingand building of computer tools:algorithms and data structures,programming languages,(computer)a

12、rchitecture,operatingsystems,software methodology and engineering,and human-computercommunication.The applications areas in computing relate to thecomputers use as a tool:numerical computation,databases and infer-4 Answers to Exercises41493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10：01 AM Page 4mational retrieval

13、,artificial intelligence and robotics,graphics,organizationalinformatics,and bioinformatics.43.Define the word abstraction and relate it to the drawing in Figure 1.2.An abstraction is a mental model that removes complex details.Anabstraction lets the viewer see only those details that are relevant t

14、othe users view.An engine is a mental model of a car from the builderor mechanics view.The cockpit is the mental model for an ordinarydriver,who does not have to know the details of the engine in order todrive the car.44.Name the six subject subareas of computer science called systemsareas that rela

15、te to understanding and building computing tools ingeneral.algorithms and data structures,programming languages,architecture,operating systems,software methodology and engineering,andhuman-computer communication.45.Name the six subject subareas of computer science called applicationsareas that relat

16、e to the computers use as a tool.numerical and symbolic computation,databases and informationalretrieval,artificial intelligence and robotics,graphics,organizationalinformatics,and bioinfonnatics.46.Define the word protocol and explain how it is used in computing.A protocol is a code prescribing str

17、ict adherence to correct etiquetteand procedure(as in a diplomatic exchange).Computing terminologyhas bonowed the word to describe the conect etiquette for computersto use when communicating with one another.47.Distinguish between machine language and assembly language.Machine language is the langua

18、ge that is built into the electricalcircuitry of a computer.Assembly language is a language made up of mnemonic codes thatrepresent machine-language instructions.Programs written in assembly language are translated into machinelanguage programs by a computer program called an assembler.Distinguish b

19、etween assembly language and high-level languages.Whereas assembly language is a language made up of mnemonic codesthat represent machine-language instructions,high-level languages useEnglish-like statements to represent a group of assembly-languagestatements or machine-language statements.There is

20、a one-to-onecorrespondence between statements in an assembly language and thestatements they represent in machine language.There is a one-to-manycorrespondence between high-level statements and the correspondingmachine-language statements.Chapter 1 541493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 549.

21、FORTRAN and COBOL were two high-level languages definedduring the second generation of computer software.Compare andcontrast these languages in terms of their history and their purpose.FORTRAN was written at IBM for use in solving science and engineeringproblems.It was not formally designed and has

22、grown greatlyover the years.COBOL was designed by a team For business applicationsand has been relatively stable.5(Distinguish between an assembler and a compiler.An assembler translates assembly-language programs into machinecode.A compiler translates programs in a high-level language intoeither as

23、sembly-language programs or machine-language programs.5i.Distinguish between a systems programmer and an applicationsprogrammer.A systems programmer writes programs that are tools to help otherswrite programs.An applications programmer writes programs to solvespecific problems.52.What was the ration

24、ale behind the development of operating systems?The human operator was too slow.Computers were idle while thehuman prepared the next program to be run.The computer has thespeed to organize itself.53.What constitutes systems software?Utility programs such as loaders and linkers,operating systems,andl

25、anguage translators are systems software.54.What do the following pieces of software do?a.LoaderA loader puts a programs instructions into memory where they canbe executed.b.LinkerA linker is a program that puts pieces of a large program togetherso that it can be put into memory where it can be exec

26、uted.c.EditorA editor is a word processing program that allows the user to enterand edit text.55.How was the program SPSS different from the programs that camebefore it?SPSS was the first application program written so that the nonprogrammeruser could enter data and specify the processing of thedata

27、.6 Answers to Exercises41493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 6Chapter 2 Exercises and AnswersAnswers are in blue.For Exercises 1-5,match the following numbers with their definition.A.Number Natural numberc Integer numberNegative numberE.Rational number1.A unit of an abstract mathematical sys

28、tem subject to the laws of arithmeticA2.A natural number,a negative of a natural number,or zeroC3.The number zero and any number obtained by repeatedly adding oneto itB4.An integer or the quotient of two integers(division by zero excluded)E5.A value less than zero,with a sign opposite to its positiv

29、e counterpartDFor Exercises 6-11,match the solution with the problem.A.10001100B.10011110C.1101010D.1100000E.1010001F.11110006.1110011+11001(binary addition)A7.1010101+10101(binary addition)CChapter 2 741493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 78.1111111+11111(binary addition)B9.1111111-111(bina

30、ry subtraction)F10.1100111-111(binary subtraction)D11.1010110-101(binary subtraction)EFor Exercises 12-17,mark the answers true or false as follows:A.TrueB.False12.Binary numbers are important in computing because a binary numbercan be converted into every other base.B13.Binary numbers can be read o

31、ff in hexadecimal but not in octal.B14.Starting from left to right,every grouping of four binary digits can beread as one hexadecimal digit.B15.A byte is made up of six binary digits.B16.Two hexadecimal digits can be stored in one byte.A17.Reading octal digits off as binary produces the same result

32、whetherread from right to left or left to right.AExercises 18-45 are problems or short-answer questions.18 Distinguish between a natural number and a negative number.A natural number is 0 and any number that can be obtained by repeatedlyadding I to it.A negative number is less than 0,and opposite in

33、sign to a natural number.Although we usually do not consider negative0.8 Answers to Exercises41493_ANSx_Da1eLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 819.Distinguish between a natural number and a rational number.A rational number is an integer or the quotient of integer numbers.(Division by 0 is excluded.)A n

34、atural number is 0 and the positiveintegers.(See also the definition in the answer to Exercise I.)20.Label the following numbers natural,negative,or rational,a.1.333333rationalb.-1/3negative,rationalc.1066naturald.2/5rationale.6.2rationalf.n(pi)not any listed21.How many Is are there in 891 if it is

35、a number in each of thefollowing bases?a.base 1 0891b.base 8Cant be a number in base 8.c.base 121261d.base 131470e.base 16219322.Express 891 as a polynomial in each of the bases in Exercise 21.8*102+9*10+1Canl be shown as a polynomial in base 8.8*122+9*12+18*132+9*13+18*162+9*16+1Chapter 2 941493_AN

36、Sx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 923.Convert the following numbers from the base shown to base 10.a.111(base 2)7b.777(base 8)511c.FEC(base 16)4076d.777(base 16)1911e.111(base 8)7324.Explain how base 2 and base 8 are related.Because 8 is a power of 2,base-8 digits can be read off in binary and 3

37、base-2 digits can be read off in octal.25.Explain how base 8 and base 16 are related.8 and 16 are both powers of two.26.Expand the table on page 41 to include the decimals from 1 1 through16.binary octal decimal000001010Oil1001011101111000100110101011110011011110m i1000001234567101112131415161720012

38、34567891011121314151610 Answers to Exercises41493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 1027.Expand the table in Exercise 26 to include hexadecimal numbers.28 Convert the following binary numbers to octal.a.111110110766b.1000001101c.10000010202d.110001014229.Convert the following binary numbers to

39、 hexadecimal,a.10101001A 9b.11100111E7binary octal decimal000001010Oil1001011101111000100110101011110011011110m i10000012345671011121314151617200123456789101112131415160123456789ABCDEF20hexadecimalChapter 2 1141493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10：01 AM Page 11c.011011106Ed.01121111This is not a binary

40、number30.Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to octal.a.A9251b.E7347C 6E15631.Convert the following octal numbers to hexadecimal.a.777IFFb.605185c.443123d.521151e.1132.Convert the following decimal numbers to octal.a.9011605b.321501c.14922724d 10662052e.2001372112 Answers to Exercises41493_ANS

41、x_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10：01 AM Page 1233.Convert the following decimal numbers to binary.a.45101101b.691000101c.106610000101010d.991100011e.1134.Convert the following decimal numbers to hexadecimal.a.106642Ab.1939793c.11G.9983E6e.432B35.If you were going to represent numbers in base 18,what symbols

42、might you use to represent the decimal numbers 10 through 17 otherthan letters?Any special characters would work or characters from anotheralphabet.Lets use#for 16 and for 17.36.Convert the following decimal numbers to base 18 using the symbolsyou suggested in Exercise 35.a.1066354b.99099#F9c.11Chap

43、ter 2 1341493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10：01 AM Page 1337.Perform the following octal additionsa.770+6651655b.101+7071010c.202+66710713t Perform the following hexadecimal additionsa.19AB6+4319AF9b.AE9+FAF8c.1066+ABCDBC3339.Perform the following octal subtractions.a.1066-77670b.1234-765247c.7766-554

44、4222240.Perform the following hexadecimal subtractions.a.ABC-1119ABb 9988-A B98DDc.A9F8-1492956641.Why are binary numbers important in computing?Data and instructions are represented in binary inside the computer.42.How many bits does a byte contain?843.How many bytes are there in a 64-bit machine?8

45、14 Answers to Exercises41493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 1444 Why do microprocessors such as pagers have only 8-bit words?Pagers are not general purpose computers.The programs in pagers canbe represented in 8-bil machines.45.Why is it important to study how to manipulate fixed-sized numb

46、ers?It is important to understand how to manipulate fixed-sized numbersbecause numbers are represented in a computer in fixed-sized format.Chapter 3 Exercises and AnswersAnswers are in blue.For Exercises 1-20,mark the answers true or false as follows:A.True；False1.Lossless compression means the data

47、 can be retrieved without losingany of the original information.A2.A computer represents information in an analog form.B3.A computer must use the binary number system to represent information.B4.A digital signal represents one of two values at any point in time.A5.Four bits can be used to represent

48、32 unique things.B6.The signed-magnitude representation of numbers has two representationsfor zero.A7.Overflow occurs when the value that we compute cannot fit into thenumber of bits we have allocated for the result.A8 In the ASCII character set,there is no distinction made between uppercaseand lowe

49、rcase letters.BChapter 3 1541493_ANSx_DaleLewis.qxd 5/4/07 10:01 AM Page 159.The Unicode character set includes all of the characters in the ASCIIcharacter set.T10 Keyword encoding replaces frequently used words with a single character.T11.Run-length encoding is very good at compressing English text

50、.B12.Huffman encoding uses variable-length binary strings to representcharacters.A13.An audio signal is digitized by sampling it at regular intervals.A14.A CD stores audio information in a binary format.A15.The MP3 audio format discards information that can not be heard byhumans.A16.An RGB value rep