中考英语阅读理解之说明文专训.pdf

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1、基 础 义 务 教 育 资 料 阅 读 理 解 之 说 明 文 专 训（一）Welcome to London!Now let me tell you something about this wonderful city.London,the capitalof the United Kingdom,is the biggest city in Western Europe with over 7 million people.Itsits by the River Thames.London has a history of more than 2000 years.Because all

2、 over theworld are familiar with the citys red doubledecker（双 层 的）buses and black taxis.PeopleThe British Empire used to rule around the world,so many people from around the worldmoved to London.They have brought with them their own languages and cultures.More than 300different languages are spoken

3、in London.CultureLondon is known for its museums.One important museum is British Museum.It is the oldestpublic museum in the world.There are two main art museums in London:the National Galleryand the Tate Gallery.Besides,London is also home to arts,such as theatre and music.The GlobeTheatre,which wa

4、s popular in the late 16th and 17th centuries,was opened for performances ofWilliam Shakespeares central London.Tourist attractionsLondon has many wonderful places to visit.For example,the wellknown Clock Tower,a320foothigh tower,was called the Big Ben.Another famous London building is BuckinghamPal

5、ace.The members of royal（皇 家 的）family of England live there.Besides,Hyde Park is thelargest open area in central London.1.Whafs the population of London?A.Less than 7 million.B.Only 7 million.C.More than 7 million.D.Nearly 7 million.2.How many museums are there in London according to the passage?A.t

6、wo B.three C.four D.five3.The members of royal family of England live i n.A.the Big Ben B.Buckingham Palace C.Hyde Park D.British Museum4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned（提 及）in the passage?A.The Location of London.B.The history of London.C.The interesting places in London.D.The food in Londo

7、n.5.From the passage,we can know t h a t.A.more than 300 different languages are spoken in LondonB.the Globe Theatre has less than 300 years historyC.the Big Ben is a 320foothigh clockD.London is the biggest city in Europe（二）Without proper planning,tourism（旅 游 业）can cause problems.For example,too ma

8、nytourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the local people of a country.If touristscreate too much traffic,the local people become unhappy.They begin to dislike tourists and totreat them impolitely.They forget how much tourism can help the countrys economy（经 济）.It isimportant to th

9、ink about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them.Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists.Tourism shouldalso advance（推 进）the well-being（health and happiness）of local people.Too much tourism can be a problem.If tourism grows too quickly

10、,people must leave otherjobs to work in the tourism industry.This means that other parts of the countrys economy cansuffer.On the other hand,if there is not enough tourism,people can lose jobs.Businesses can alsolose money.It costs a lot of money to build large hotels,airports,air terminals,first-cl

11、ass roadsand other support facilities needed by tourist attractions.For example,a major international-classtourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build.If this room is not usedmost of the time,the owners of the hotel will lose money.Building a hotel is just a beginning.The

12、re must be many support facilities as well,includingroads to get to the hotel,electricity,sewers to handle waste,and water.All of these supportfacilities cost money.If they are not used because there are not enough tourists,jobs and moneyare lost.1.What is probably the reason if local people dislike

13、 tourists?A.Tourists come to enjoy the customs and beauty.B.Local people lose jobs.C.A lot of hotels are built.D.Too many tourists cause traffic problems.2.What can we do to solve the problems caused by tourism?A.Make plans properly.B.Help the countrys economy.C.Build fewer hotels.D.Advance the well

14、-being of local people.3.If tourism grows too q u i c k l y,.A.businesses will lose money B.other parts of the countrys economy will make more moneyC.local people will be happier D.more local people will work for tourists.4.If the writer wants to add Paragraph 5 to the passage,he may tell u s.A.whet

15、her people need to build more hotelsB.whether people need to plan tourism properlyC.how to deal with the problems aboveD.how to prevent tourism growing too quickly（三）American country music is also known as country western music.It has a very long history.Itcomes from the folk songs of immigrants（移 民

16、）from Britain.Country music uses simple music and words to express everyday feelings such as loneliness,love and sadness.That is to say,country music describes life.It talks about friends and enemies,trucks and roads,farms and crops.People in many parts of the world like country music,becauseeveryon

17、e can understand what the music is about.Country western music became popular first among cowboys（牛 仔）from the American westcountryside.Cowboys had to take care of cows day and night.When they were alone with thecows,they often sang beautiful and peaceful songs to calm the animals and to overcome th

18、eir ownfear.They were not well-educated so they sang about their daily life in very simple words.Theyplayed guitars,violins and other instruments.In the South of America,many people addedinstruments from their homes,like bottles and spoons.When cowboys visited their friends andfamilies on holidays l

19、ike Thanksgiving,they usually sang and played country western music.In recent years,many musicians have made country western music a little different from theone in the past.These changes make the songs sound even better.Today singers as Carth Brooks,Reba McEntire,Emmylou Harris,Lyle Lovett,Eddie Ra

20、bbit,LeAnn Rimes,Randy Travis and agroup called Alabama are singing and playing in different styles.They have brought countrywestern music more and more fans from all over the world.l.untry western music comes from the folk songs of immigrants f r o m.A.America B.France C.Germany D.Britain2.The unde

21、rlined words“calm the animals 5,here means“make the animals becomeA.sad and lonely B.quiet and relaxedC.angry and wild D.upset and scared（害 怕 的）3.Which one of the sentences is mentioned in the passage?A.Early immigrants lived a very simple life.B.Many country music singers are not well-educated.C.Co

22、wboys usually played country western music on holidays.D.In the west of America,cowboys added instruments from their homes.4.The best title for the passage i s.A.Americans Love American Country MusicB.The History of American Country MusicC.Singers and Fans of American Country MusicD.All Kinds of Ame

23、rican Music,Yesterday and Today Smartphone,poor sightLook around and youll see people busy on their smart phones.Smart phones do make ourlives easier.But have you ever thought about what they mean to you eyes?According to a study,half of British people own smart phones and they spend an averageof tw

24、o hours a day using them.There has been a 35%increase in the number of people in the UKwho suffer from shortsightedness since smart phones were introduced there in 1997.Staring at smart phones for long time gives you dry eyes.When looking at something inthe distance,your eyes automatically blink a c

25、ertain number of times.However,when you look atthings closer to your face,the blinking slows down.This reduces the amount of tears and causesdiscomfort in your eyes.Another bad habit is using smart phones in dark rooms before going tosleep.If you look at a bright screen while your pupils become larg

26、er,too much light enters youreyes.This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma.While youre probably not going to stop using to your smart phone,there are a few thingsyou can do to protect your eyes.Hold your phone at least 30 continues away from your eyes whenusing it.Take a brea

27、k every hour and try the following:look at something at least five meters fromyou and then focus on the tip of your nose.Repeat this several times.It should reduce thediscomfort in your eyes.1.The article is mainly a b o u t.A.the rules to obey when using smart phonesB.the harm that smart phones do

28、to users eyes.C.the reason why teenager get shortsightednessD.advantages and disadvantages of smart phones2.From Paragraph 2,we learn t h a t.A.half of the British people began to smart phones 17years agoB.each of the British people spends two hours a day on smart phonesC.more British people have su

29、ffered from shortsightedness since 1997D.the number of British people who own smart phones increases by 35%3.According to Paragraph 3,using smart phones improperly may c a u s e.A.too many blinks B.more tears in the eyesC.smaller pupils D.dry eyes and glaucoma4.Which of the following is suggested by

30、 the writer?2A.Dont use the phone fbr over an hour without a break.B.Hold the phone at learn half a meter away from the eyes.C.Turn off your phone fbr a couple of hours every day.D.Look at something green far away for several minutes.5.This article is written to advise p e o p l e.A.not to buy smart

31、 phones B.to stop using smart phonesC.to make full use of smart phones D.to use smart phones properly Most people are born with straight hair,but why are there people born with curly hair?Itmay look like a simple question that we can easily answer,but the answer is not as simple as itseems.The colou

32、r and shape of your hair are decided by your genes（S S）.Whether you havestraight hair or curly hair comes from your parents1 genes.nIf both your parents give you the curlyversion（版 本）of the gene,you end up with curly hair,Barry Starr,a geneticist at StanfordUniversity,US,told Popular Science.If both

33、 give you the straight version you end up with straighthair.And if one gives you curly genes and the other straight,you could end up with either.Buthow does DNA work on a single hair?Scientists show that the curls of hair depend on the nature of its follicle（毛 囊）.When afollicle is asymmetrical（不 对 称

34、 的），the hair that it produces is curl.Another point is that thefollicle of curly hair has a hooked（钩 状 的）end.The more hooked the follicle is,the curlier thehair is.Follicles for straight hair have no hooks.But even if you are bom with straight hair,there are some ways that straight hair can turncurl

35、y.Scientists have found that a cell（细 月 包）called EGFR in follicles appears to control thegrowth of hair.For example,certain cancer medicine that stop these cells may cause a patient todevelop curly hair as a side effect.1.The number of people born with curly hair is_ that of people bom with straight

36、 hair.A.larger than B.smaller than C.twice as large as D.as big as2.From Paragraph 2,we can know t h a t.A.our genes can decide the length of our hairB.our parents genes decide whether we have straight or curly hairC.Barry Starr is a geneticist from Popular ScienceD.If one boy*s parents have straigh

37、t hair,he may have curly hair3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A The nature of hairs cells decides the curls of hair.B.If a follicle is asymmetrical,the hair produced is straight.C.If follicles for a girls hair have no hooks,she may have curly hair.D.If follicles f

38、or a girls hair have more hooked ends,she has curlier hair.4.The passage is possibly f r o m.A a novel B.a poem C.a science book D.a news report（六）Can you imagine the very first modern Olympics in 1896 with no landing mats（海 绵 垫），nostopwatches and no photo finishes?In fact,c ameras and stopwatches w

39、ere not used until the 1932Olympic Games in Los Angeles,USA.Thanks for technology,Olympics have been developing atan unbel ievable speed.Today technology has completely changed sports.Take sports equipment for example.Electronic eyes hanging at the starting Jines,together with digital cameras,could

40、catch correctrace time and also help to catch runners who jump the gun.As runners cross the finishing line,special digital cameras can also easily decide the winner.The days of“dead heats are gone.Technological developments are also good for athletes.New sports suits,which get lesswind effects,can h

41、elp cut up to one-tenth of a second from runners race time.Top athletes,likeLiu Xiang,are even provided with hand-made sports shoes.These shoes are made to fit the athleteexactly-and there are some more changes in the shoes that meet each runner5s personal needs.r Technology has also changed the way

42、 of many sports.Take oneexample-the pole vault.The landing mat makes a big difference tothe vaulting style as athletes no longer need to worry about hurtingthemselves as they fall.Without these worries,athletes could jumphigher.New swimming pools have been used to help swimmers swimwith easier effor

43、t and sports scientists have worked out a newswimming style to improve the speed.The increasing technological developments have led manysportsmen to suggest that the Olympic spirit”is being lost in a rush to break records and winmedals.Many developing countries say that technology has become too imp

44、ortant in sport andthat athletes from developing countries are disadvantaged.There are no easy answers but onething is sure-we cannot turn back times.Technology cannot go backwards.l.The underlined phrase“dead heats“m e a n s.A.sports equipment which was out of dateB.runners who jumped the gun while

45、 runningC.diseases which killed runners in hot weatherD.races in which runners finished at the same time2.What infers from the fourth paragraph?A.Scientists can measure the speed of swimming.B.The pole vault was not quite safe in the past.C.Pole vaulters jump lower with landing mats.D.New pools have

46、 changed the style of swimming.3.The purpose of the writer in writing this article i s.A.to suggest we should keep up with the timesB.to suggest we reduce technology in OlympicsC.to suggest we train better athletes like Liu XiangD.to suggest we care more about developing countries（七）Have you ever se

47、en the movie.Big Hero 6?Baymax（大 白）is a main character in the movie.Hes a friendly big robot that looks After peoples health.If there is a robot like Baymax in our reallife,people will get more benefits.The robot will be especially helpful in caring for the old.Thehealth of old people needs greater

48、monitoring and care;.Scientists in America are now working to make Baymax a really（实 现）Actually.they havealready produced some health care robots.These robots provide brain video games to improvepeoples memory.The garner can help the old remember things for longer.Besides,these providespecial app（应

49、用 程 序）to help the old manage their health at home.The apps can check the oldpeople9 heart rate（心 率）and tell them to take their medicine on lime.The apps can also recordtheir daily activities.Such collected information helps doctors discover the cause of an illnessfaster and more correctly.But the he

50、alth care robots aret as clever as Baymax yet.Nowadays,scientists are working on improving the health care robots.They Hope the robotscan produce electricity by walking across the floor.If they succeed,batteries will not be needed.They also hope the robots communicate with humans in the daily life s