初中英语中考词汇辨析（共14组）.docx

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1、中考英语词汇辨析1. spend, pay, cost, takesb. spend +时间/金钱on sth.某人在上花费时间/金钱e. g. I spend two hours on English every day. 我每天花两小时学英语。sb. spend +时间/金钱（in） doing sth.某人花费时间/金钱做某事f. g. Tom spends 5 dollar updating his computer system. Tom 花五美元更新他的电脑系 统。sb. pay +金钱for 某人在上花费金钱g. g. I paid 100 yuan for the shirt.

2、我花 100 元买这件 T 恤。sth. cost sb. +金钱/时间花了某人的金钱/时间（cost的用法中，花金钱的出现频率 比花时间高）h. g. It costs him ten euros.它花了他十欧元。It takes/took sb. +时间/金钱to do sth.花了某人时间/金钱做某事It takes me 6 minutes to take a shower.冲澡花了我 6 分钟。 take sb. +时间/金钱.花了某人时间/金钱。注意：spend和pay主语通常是人，而cost和take主语通常是物。2. at, on, in + 时间”at, on, in+时间,

3、均可表示在的时候。at +具体的时间点I get up at six o clock in the morning .我早晨六点起床。Breakfast wou 1 d be finished at seven.早餐将在七点结束。on+具体某一天或具体某一个早上（下午、晚上）on Monday在星期一on Sunday morning在星期天早上（特指）on July 1st在七月1日on a cold night in 1938 在1938年的一个寒冷的晚上in+具体某一年（季、月），早上，下午，晚上in 2020 在 2020 年in September 在九月in the morning

4、 在早上（泛指）in the evening 在晚上可见at后跟的时间更精准，on次之，in排在最后。3. “how long, how often, how far, how soon”how long意为多久、多长时间，主要是对一段时间进行提问，答语通常是（for） five days/weeks/months/years等时间段，可用于各种时态。e.g. How long does it take to getto London from here?从这里到伦敦要多时间？how often意为多久次，用来提问在某一特定的时间进行某个动作的次数（问频率）， 答语通常是频率副词来回答，例如

5、always, usually, often, seldom, sometimes, once/twice a day/week/month 等。e. g. How often do you use the bus?你多长时间坐一次公共汽车？how far意为多远，对距离提问时使用。f. g. How far is it to your house from here?从这儿到你家有多远？how soon意为还要多久，是对（从即时起）到将来某个时刻之间的时间长短提问，常用在 一般将来时态的句子中，其答语通常是in + 一段时间g. g. How soon will you come back?

6、你多久回来？ Tn an hour. 一小时后。4. agree with, agree to, agree on”agree with后面常接表示人或意见（看法）的名词作宾语。I agree with you to a certain degree.我在某种程度上同意你的观点。（to a certain degree 在某种程度上）agree with还有“适合”、“符合”的含义。e. g. The climate here doesnt agree with him。他不适合这里的气候。agree to后面一般接表示提议、办法、计划之类的名词作宾语。Do you think he 11 a

7、gree to their proposal?你认为他会同意他们的建议吗？agree on就达成一致的意见。e. g. We rarely agree on what to do.我们很少在要做的事情上看法一致。5. ahappen, take place”二者都有“发生”的意思。happen指事情的发生，往往带有偶然的意思。例句：What happenedto your new car?你的新车怎么了？take place指事先安排或策划好而后发生，没有偶然的意思。例句：The meeting should take place on the fifth of May.会议应于 5 月 5

8、日举行。注：happen和take place都不用于被动态，take place表示发生时，后面通常不跟介词 to6. “borrow, lend”二者都有借的意思。borrow是借入，lend是借出。borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物（借入）例句：I borrowed 2 books from library yesterday.昨天我从图书馆借了两本书。lend sth. to sb.二 lend sb. sth.借给某人某物（借出）例句：I have lent my bike to my classmate.我把自行车借给了我同学。7. “catch a cold,

9、have/has a cold”二者都有“得感冒”的意思。catcha cold强调动作彳列句：It s cold outside. Go into the house, or you 11 catcha cold.外面冷，到房间去吧，不然你会感冒。have/hasa cold强调状态例句：I have had a cold for several days and I can, t get ridof it.我已经感冒好几天了，可还是没好。8. “forget to do sth, forget doing sth”forget to do sth,忘记要去做某事（事情还未做）例句：Don

10、t forget to wake me up at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 别忘了明天早晨 6 点叫 醒我。forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（事情已做过或已经发生）例句：1 forgot telling him about the news.我忘了曾把这条消息告诉过他。注：记忆方式：to表示指向，事情还未做，而doing表示已经做过了。后续如果有碰到和 forget相同用法的动词，可以放在一起记忆。9. “because, because of”二者均表示“因为”because是连词，引导状语从句。例句：We stayed at home because i

11、t rained.因为下雨我们待在家里。because of是介词短语，后面接名词性词语。例句：We stayed at home because of the rain.因为下雨我们待在家里10. across, across, throughwcross v.横穿；例句：cross the street and you can see the park.穿过这条街，你就能看到公园。across prep.横过，穿过；表示人或物从一个平面横穿过，常与stree, road等连用例句：Be careful when you walk across the road.当你过马路的时候要小心。th

12、rough prep.穿过；表示从云层，窗户，森林，人群，管道等内部穿过。例句：The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。11. by the way, on the way, in the way”by the way顺便问下，顺便说下；（缩写:BTW）例句：By the way, F m your number-one fan.顺便说下，我是你的头号粉丝。on the way在的路上，后面接名词时需要加介词to, home除外例句1： He bought a pen on his/the way to s

13、chool.他在上学的路上买了一支钢笔。例句2： On the way home, I meet my old friends.在回家的路上，我碰到了我的老朋友。 in the way挡路，妨碍例句：I left them alone, as I felt I was in the way.我留下他们单独在一起，因为我 觉得我碍他们的事。12. aarrive, reach, get to”三者都有“到达”的意思arrive不及物动词，arrive in +大地方（国家、城市等）；arrive at +小地方（村庄、 车站、码头等）例句：He arrived in Nanjing last w

14、eek.他上星期来到南京。reach及物动词，其后直接跟地点名词作宾语例如:Please write to me when you reach Beijing.你到北京后请给我写信。get to后接地点名词，特例：当其后接副词here, there, home时，要省略to例句：When did you get home yesterday?你昨天什么时候到的家？13. “between, among”两者均有“在马间”的意思between用于表示双方之间的关系，通常和and连用：betweenand例句：There is a tree between the two houses. 这两座房

15、子之间有一棵树。among用于表示三个或三个以上之间的关系例句：London is among the greatest cities of the world.伦敦是世界上最大的城市之o14. put on ; wear ; dress ； in” .put on表“穿上”，强调穿衣的动作，后接衣服作宾语，代词放中间。e. g. Here is your coat. Put it on, Lucy.e. g. He put on his new pair of sunglasses and went out.wear表“穿着”，强调穿的状态，后接衣服作宾语。e. g. - What is she wearing?”- She s wearing a red hat and a blue jacket.”dress表给穿衣服”，宾语为人。e.g. My mother is dressing herself.e.g. My little brother is too young. Mom dresses him every morning.in后多接衣服的颜色，表示“穿着颜色衣服的”。e. g. The man in black is my father.e. g. Have you seen a boy in a red sweater?