2023年初中英语语法考点学习之形式主语it的考点用法.docx

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1、2023年初中英语语法考点学习之形式主语it的考点用法it是否是形式主语背景：When the traffic is really heavy,his commute is stressful. It would be great if he could work from home one or two hours a week.这句话中it是做形式主语吗？如果是的话，真正 主语是if引导的主语从句，可if引导名词性从句时意思是“是否”， 可这里if是“如果”之意。It would be great if he could work from home one or two hours a

2、week.如果他能每周在家工作一两个小时，那就太好了。本句，It是人称代词作句子的主语，指代if从句的内容。有 关详情，网友可参考我以前的一个解答：代词it可以指代状语从句的内容有网友问，以下句子中的it到底是什么词？作什么句子成分？I don t like it when you shout at me.I would appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.1 .以上两句中的it,并非“形式宾语”，而是“真实宾语”， it是实实在在的人称代词，它替代的是when从

3、句和if从句的内容: 分别为“你朝我大喊大叫”和“让我知道.”这两件事情。不定式： to share不定式逻辑宾语： their personal stories of how much it meant to be helped when they were going through a rough time不定式逻辑宾语语法解析名词短语： their personal stories修饰名词短语后置定语:of how much it meant to be helped when they were going through a rough time后置定语语法解析如下介词+宾语从句介

4、词：of宾语从句：how much it meant to be helped when they were going through a rugh time宾语从句语法结构解析如下形式主语：it谓语： meant宾语： how much真正主语：to be helped （被别人帮助）（不定式被动结构充当） 时间状语： when they were going through a rough time 宾语从句结构换一种方式解析It meant something to be helped when they were going through a rough time对划线部分提问就是

5、下面的句子How much did it mean to be helped when they were going through a rough time把以上句子用来作动词/介词宾语，就是下面的结构How much it meant to be helped when they were going through a rought time2 . when和if仍然是两个状语从句，仍然表示时间和条件概 念。其实，代词it在从句之后或之前均可，或者说，主句和从句位 置可以互换，这充分说明it是人称代词。例如：If I can get home by eight o clock, I c

6、all it good luck.If you could keep it to yourself I d appreciate it.He would much appreciate it if you could do him that favour.She won t like it if you arrive late.3 . it除了充当主句的宾语，还可以充当主句的主语，从它作 句子的主语来看，就更加证实了它是人称代词。例如：If you came earlier, it would be better.It would be awful if he found out the tr

7、uth.It would be a shame if you lost it.it指代if从句的内容，也是主句的主语。这里，既然代词it可以代替if从句的内容作主语，那么，为何 不能代替if从句的内容作宾语？4 .英语是“逻辑语言”，句子的外在形式和内容是和谐统一的。 从句既要表达出“条件”或“时间”概念，主句还要保持成分的完整， 没有了代词it,就缺少了宾语。因为两个状语从句是无法作宾语的！5 .从“语用学”的角度分析：英语为了表达简练，无论条件句 还是时间句，既要表示主句谓语发生的条件或时间，其内容也可以充 当主句的某种成分（用代词it表示，避免重复从句的内容）。6 .受汉语习惯的影响，英

8、语中有些情况下的条件句和时间句, 似乎翻译不出来，所以就认为如何如何。我们不能单纯用汉语的思维 理解问题，而无视英语句子自身的规律和表达方式。that可以代替it作形式主语吗Thatisn t anything for us to be ashamed of.这里的句子为什么用that作主语，而不用it呢？难道that也可以作形式主语吗？That isn t anything for us to be ashamed of.你的句子中的that不是形式主语，后面的for us to be ashamed of也不是真正的主语。其实，这里的for us to be ashamed of是定语，修

9、饰anythingo句意为：That isn, t anything for us to be ashamed of. 那不是什 么我们应该羞愧的事。有没有注意到句末的介词of没有宾语？这样的不定式不可能是 真正主语。不定式作定语，被修饰名词在逻辑上是不定式动词的宾语 或不定式短语中介词的宾语时，不定式本身的宾语或介词的宾语必须 空缺，形成所谓的残缺不定式（hollow infinitive）。例如:He offered me a job to do. to do是job的定语，do本身是及物动词，其宾语 空缺，在意义上由job补全。For us to be ashamed of isnt a

10、nything. 这样的结构无论在 语法上还是在逻辑上都是不通的。显然不定式复合结构不是主语，而 是定语修饰anythingoIt is because.句型中的it是形式主语吗这里的It是形式主语吗？可是because后接的是原因而不是 代指成分。it应该不是形式主语啊！那这里为啥不能用that呢？1. it is / was because . that .是强调句型（又称为分 裂句），because.是原因状语从句（被强调部分），在此句型中， because不能改为as或者since,例如：It was because she work hard that she passed the

11、mid-term examination.是因为她努力学习所以通过了期中考试。2. It is because .的 It 是主语，is 是系动词，because 引导表语从句。例如：I think it s because you re doing too much .在这个句子 中，I think是主句，其余部分是宾语从句，而这个宾语从句本身又是一个复合句：it s 是主句，because you re doing too much 表 语从句。t作形式主语或形式宾语时是代词吗 it用作代词时意思是“它。如:I threw a ball to her and she caught it.

12、我把球扔给她,她接住了它。Eat your soup. It s good for you.把汤喝了，（它）对你有好处。I 11 need to adjust the clock. It s slow again. 我要把时钟拨一下。它又慢了。请问一下，it用作形式主语和形式宾语时，它也是代词吗?It s best to go by bus.最好坐公共汽车去。It is getting more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越来越难了。I find it difficult to talk to you.我觉得同你谈话很难。He feels it

13、his duty to help others.他认为帮助别人是他 的责任。比如牛津高阶英汉双解词典第四版的it词条，在pron词性下面有例句（it或为形式主语，或为形式宾语）：It appears that the two leaders are holding secret talks. 两位领导人好像在举行秘密会谈。Does it matter what colour it is?是什么颜色有关系吗？Its impossible （for us） to get there in time. （我们） 不可能及时赶到那里。Its no use shouting.叫喊并没有用。She fin

14、ds it boring staying/to stay at home. 她觉得待在 家中很无聊。I find it strange that she doesn! t want to travel. 她竟 不想旅游，我觉得很奇怪。it为形式主语，后面同时存在不定式和从句，如何判断真正的 主语如：it became impossible to deny that we were each in pursuit of filling hole,真正的主语是to deny.还是that引导的从句That we were each in pursuit of filling hole became

15、 impossible to deny.impossible作表语，如果后接不定式作形容词补足语，该不定 式必须是悬空不定式（反射不定式）即，不定式的逻辑宾语为句子的 主语。但悬空不定式的逻辑宾语只能是名词或代词，不能是that从 句。所以这个句子就是错误的了。只能把to deny that.整体分析为不定式短语作真正主语，语 法才能成立。it作形式主语，that从句和不定式作真实主语的区别It is the first time that I have been here.是否可以将上 句that从句作真实主语改为如下使用不定式作真实主语？It isthe first time for me

16、 to have been here. It is the first time to have been here. It is the first time for me to be here. It is the first time to be here.如果以上说法正确的话，在语感和语意上有什么差别吗？It/This is the first time that I have been here.这个句子 中it并非形式主语，而是人称代词，可以改为this。that从句不是 主语从句，而是定语从句，that为关系副词。这个句型中，不可以 用不定式作定语。所以你的不定式的句子都是错误的

17、。只有先行词与 不定式为逻辑主谓关系时，才可以用不定式作定语。例如：Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. = Armstrong was the first man that/who had walked on the moon.这二个句子意思是一样的现在分词能否替代形式主语/宾语itPeople stop to share their personal stories of how much itmeant to be helped when they were going through a rough time.翻译：人们停下来

18、讲述他们的故事，讲述他们遇到困难时受到帮 助对他们多么重要。1 . 我觉得“how much it meant to be helped when they were going through a rough time” 是 their personal stories 的同位 语从句，这样我们可以说“of引导同位语从句”吗？对于本句，。f 还可以理解为表示“所属关系”吗？2 .从句中，it是形式主语，不定式结构“to be helped when they were going through a rough time”是真正的主语。我们也经常见 到to do取代it。现在请问老师，是否能

19、用现在分词being helped”来替代不定式to be helped”呢？在这个句型中，to do不表示“将要被帮助”而是“已经发生/完成了的的帮助”，是吗？1. stories of how much it meant., 介词 of 有 10 多 种意思。除了表示“所属关系”外，还表示“涉及；关于；有关于”， 相当于about ostories of how much it meant = stories about how much it meant所以，how much it meant to be helped when they were going through a rou

20、gh time不是stories的同位语从句，而是of的宾 语从句。of引出stories的内容。2. 是否能用现在分词“being helped”来替代不定式to be helped”呢?网友这个表述不正确being helped是动名词，跟不定式一样可以作主语。但说成现在分词就不可以了，现在分词是 不能作主语的。你的意思是：动名词being helped能不能代替to be helped? 一般说来是可以的，但是，如果使用了形式主语it,原则 上使用不定式；若不用形式主语it,则直接使用动名词即可。就本 句来讲，用了形式主语it,为何还要用动名词呢？3. 就本句而言，用 to be hel

21、ped 和 to have been helped 都 可以，但是，即便不用完成体，也不影响理解句意。to be helped并 不意味着“将来得到帮助“。为了理解，我把原句分离出来，就是: How much did it mean to be helped?只是表述一种客观现象，不 强调是否已经得到了帮助。People stop to share their personal stories of how much it meant to be helped when they were going through a rough time.翻译：人们停下来讲述他们的故事，讲述他们遇到困难时受到 帮助对他们多么重要。句子语法结构解析如下主语：People谓语： stop目的状语： to share their personal stories of how much it meant to be helped when they were going through a rough time目的状语语法结构解析如下