高二英语人教版选修8学案UNIT1SECTIONⅠWARMINGUPREADING—PREREADING.docx

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1、Section夕/ Warming Up & Reading Pre-reading点点释疑把课文读懂原文呈现CALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, taingjattracted pgOpKtaBjalLQXerJhfiJSMMldThe customs and languages of the im

2、migrantslive on in their new home.This diversity of culture is not surprising 3dlejguymiJm。或JtheJjjsJtoiXMf读文清障population n.人口（数）distinction/dPstlqkJ n/.差异；区分；卓著multicultural 多元文化的现在分词短语having attracted people作结果状语。immigrant/Iml9r3nt/.（从外国移入的）移民live on连续存在；连续生存when引导的时间状语从句。加利福尼亚第1段译文加利福尼亚是的第三大州，但它是

3、人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是最具 多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们 的新家都得以连续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史时，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊 异了。NATIVE AMERICANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.However,Native Americans were living in California at least fifteenthousand years ago

4、.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Straitin the Arcticto America by means ofa land bridge which existed in prehistorictimesIn the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition, man

5、y died fromtheAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,Although引导的让步状语从句主句：强调句式it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.尝试翻译虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开头来到了，但是更大批量的移民却是在 19世纪60年月为了修建贯穿东西海岸的铁路而

6、来的。4. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.句式分析It is believed that意为据认为，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，在这个主语从句中so .that引导结果状语从句。尝试翻译人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会特别之大，以至于不

7、行能存 在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。课时跟踪检测I .阅读理解The United States of America is the most culturally diverse country in the world in terms of culture, religion, ethnicity and sexual orientation.As a bination of various races and cultures, America is home to all.The culture here is so unique that citi

8、zens can be just as proud of their original cultural heritage as they are to be Americans.What is now the US was initially inhabited by native people until the land was settled by various European groups and African slaves.Since the 20th century, the country has bee a heaven for people from all over

9、 the globe.The arrival of immigrants has shifted populations from rural areas into cities because immigrants tend to settle in urban areas.At present, 81 percent of the inhabitants in the US live in cities.Cultural and ethnic diversity adds a unique flavor to cities that is expressed through distinc

10、t neighborhoods, restaurants, places of worship, museums, nightlife and multicultural learning environments.Unique musical forms, such as jazz, rock and roll, Chicano music, and the blues, grow in the US by mixing a variety of culturally distinct musical traditions to create a new form.At the execut

11、ive （行政的）level, the country is headed by a mixed-race president; two posts on the Supreme Court are held by members of the countrys two largest minorities.There is also diversity in state and local governments.Without its rich mixture of races and cultures, America would not be the nation that it is

12、 today.Founded upon the basis of equality and freedom, America acts as a stage where different cultures not only co-exist peacefully, but develop well.语篇解读：本文介绍了多元化给带来的一些影响。1. Whafs the best title for this passage?A. The Effects of Culture and Diversity on AmericaB. The Influence of Globalization on

13、 AmericaC. The Political Development of AmericaD. The Bright Future of America解析：选A 标题归纳题。通读全文，主要介绍了多元化在各个方面对的影响。2. According to the passage, America is a country.A. that weles people from all over the worldB. where citizens take more pride in their original cultureC. that is mostly settled by Europ

14、eans and AfricansD. where 81% of the population are immigrants解析：选A 细节理解题。依据其次段的Since the 20th century, the country has bee a heaven for people from all over the globe.”可知应选 A。3. Where did most people live before many immigrants came to America?A. In the urban areas.B. In the rural areas.C. In the s

15、outhern part of America.D. In the northern part of America.解析：选B 细节理解题。依据第三段的“The arrival of immigrants has shifted populations from rural areas into cities because immigrants tend to settle in urban areas.” 可知，大量移民涌入之前，他们大多居住在乡下。4. We can learn from the sixth paragraph thatA. diversity has existed

16、in America in almost every aspectB most posts in America state governments are help by mixed-race peopleC. equality and freedom make America a fair countryD. diversity has greatly affected the American political field解析：选D 推理推断题。依据第六段内容可知，多元化对的政治领域有很大影响。BIn 2011, a law was born.A type of ladybug （瓢虫

17、）became the state insect of North Dakota.When the governor signed the bill into law, four kids stood behind him.These second-grade students had helped create a law!Jaden McNeiley, Logan Redding, Megan Zimmer, and Isabel Sieg were in first grade when their idea for a law was born.They were studying t

18、he ladybug in school.Megan and Logan were farm kids and knew something about the ladybug already.They knew that farmers had a problem with crop-eating pests called aphids （蜥虫）and that ladybugs ate aphids.The more ladybugs were around, the fewer chemicals the farmers had to use.The kids were reading

19、an article on the puter when they saw a link that led to a list of state insects.They clicked on the link and couldn*t believe their eyes.North Dakota did not have a state insect!The kids decided that a kind of ladybug called the convergent lady beetle should be their state insect.This ladybug was o

20、f great benefit to their farming state and it deserved a place of honor.But they had no idea how to create a law.So they asked their teacher for help.Their teacher knew their local state representative.When they all met, the representative told the kids they would have to present facts and solid rea

21、sons to convince lawmakers that North Dakota needed the ladybug as its state insect.The students spent much of that first grade spring researching ladybugs.Their teacher ordered ladybug larvae （幼虫）. They watched the larvae develop into adults.To learn more, they talked to scientists who study insect

22、s.The children say their research was hard work and they loved it. Even if we hadnt gotten what we wanted, “ says Jaden, “even if the bill hadnt passed, it was worth it“The students want everyone to know that kids can make a difference. a Whether you are 8 or 80, “ says Isabel, Uyou have a voice in

23、your munity. wBelieve in your dreams” say Jaden and Megan. But make sure you are ready to do work to back them up! ” adds Logan.语篇解读：本文是记叙文，叙述了四个学校生促使瓢虫成为北达科他州的州虫的经受。5. Before studying the ladybug in school, Megan and Logan already knewA. how to create a lawB. the advantages of aphidsC. the state in

24、sects of the USD. how ladybugs benefit people解析：选D 推理推断题。由第三段中的aThey knew that farmers had a problem with crop-eating pests called aphids （螃虫）and that ladybugs ate aphids.”可推断，这两名同学此 前就知道瓢虫有益于人类。6. How did the four kids feel when they saw the list of state insects?A. Surprised.B. Excited.C. Happy.D.

25、 Proud.解析：选 A 推理推断题。由第四段末的“couldnt believe their eyes.North Dakota didnot have a state insect可推断，孩子们看到州虫列表时很惊异北达科他州竟然没有州虫。7. Why did the four kids choose the convergent lady beetle as their state insect?A. Because it looks beautiful.B. Because they knew it very well.C. Because of their teachers advi

26、ce.D. Because of its contribution to farming.解析：选D 细节理解题。由第五段中的This ladybug was of great benefit to their farming state and it deserved a place of honor.可知，他们之所以选该种瓢虫作为州虫是由 于这种瓢虫对该州的农业很有好处。8. Jaden and Megan encourage kids toA work for their dreamsB. believe in themselvesC. be different from othersD

27、. be devoted to their munities解析：选A 细节理解题。由最终一段中的“Believe in your dreams可知，这两名同 学鼓舞孩子们为幻想而努力。CBody Language in the United StatesMost people shake hands and make eye contact when they meet people for the first time.Among very good friends, a woman may give another woman a little hug, and a man may ki

28、ss a woman quickly on the cheek.Males dont hug one another, which, however, is changing.Men usually shake hands with the right hand.Sometimes they use the left hand to either cover the handshake or lightly hold the other persons arm.This shows greater warmth and friendship.Most people wave hello or

29、goodbye by extending the arm palm （手掌） facing outward, and twisting the hand at the wrisLAnother way is to raise the arm, palm outward, and move the whole arm and hand back and forth.This is important to know because in many other countries, the same movement means “no”When people are waiting in a p

30、ublic place, such as the post office, they usually form lines.Some people get angry and plain if someone pushes their way into a line or jumps ahead of other people.Moreover, many women like men to open doors for them.They also like men to give up their seats on public transportation.However, some w

31、omen do not like this type of behavior.They feel that men and women should be treated in the same way.In the United States, its important to make direct eye contact in business and social situationsJf you dont make eye contact, people will probably think that you are bored or not interested.If there

32、 is silence in these situations, people usually try to makeconversation.Periods of silence make many people unfortable.People in the United States usually stand about one arm*s length away from each other while talking or standing together.This space is called “the fort zone.In the United States, mo

33、thers sometimes show that they are angry with children by shaking an index finger at them.People may show that they like children by patting them on the top of the head.话福解读:的体态语有多种。有些体态语在渐渐发生转变。本文介绍了的几种体态语以及 社交时应当留意的礼仪。9. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that in the United States.A. males begin

34、to hug each other nowB. a man usually kisses a woman for greetingC. people only use right hands to shake handsD. people wave good-bye as people in many other countries do解析：选A 推理推断题。依据第一段第三句话Males dont hug one another, which, however, is changing/可知，在，男性不彼此拥抱的状况正在发生转变。10. Some women dont like to be

35、offered a seat by men because.A. they think sitting is harmful for healthB. they prefer to stand rather than sitC. they like to be treated equallyD. they dont need mens favor解析：选C 细节理解题。依据其次段最终两句话“However, some women do not like this type of behavior.They feel that men and women should be treated in

36、 the same way.“ 可 知，女士不喜爱这种行为，她们觉得男士与女士应当被同样对待，即公正对待。11. The third paragraph is mainly aboutA. body language in public placesB. impolite body languageC. the fort zoneD. body language in business and social life解析：选D 段落大意题。依据本段首句In the United States, it*s important to make direct eye contact in busin

37、ess and social situations./,可知，在，在商业和社交场合，交谈时 眼睛要直视对方，这样显得专注，是对对方的敬重。这是商业和社交礼仪的一种体态语。12. In the United States, a mother sometimes shakes an index finger at her kids to show.B. angerA. boredomC. loveD. satisfaction解析：选B 细节理解题。依据最终一段第一句话In the United States, mothers sometimes show that they are angry

38、with children by shaking an index finger at them.“ 可 知，在，母亲假如对孩子们生气，往往是朝他们摇动食指。II.阅读七选五Reasons Why You Should Go to CollegeThere are many important reasons why a young person should consider going to college other than just the potential financial rewards.Have a new beginning. 1_ Going to college is

39、 a perfect opportunity to break out of that old shell and bee someone totally new.Learn something you like. 2_ Take some time to enjoy learning what you are truly passionate about.3 While parents may be worried about their childs new-found freedom, teens are generally pretty excited about it.College

40、 can give a young person the independence they think they need as well as the opportunity to start making their own decisions.Develop your interest. 4_3 For some people, the number one reason to go to college may simply be the opportunity to move to a new place.Many people living in the north may wa

41、nt to go to school in the south to escape the cold.Others may just want to get out of a small town and see the world.Even moving from a childhood house to a dormitory in a local college campus can be a great change.A. Be independent.B. Figure out who you are.C. Get a change of scenery.D. Enjoy the b

42、est time of your life in college.E. Whatever you are interested in, there is a group for it.F. However, a college education is an opportunity to learn what you love.G. You need to give up your old habits and your old self, and bee the person you want to be.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文；主要分析了青少年上高校的一些缘由。1 .选G 本选项承接上

43、一句说明上高校是为了有一个全新的开头，你需要放弃原来的 习惯和自我，成为你想成为的人，应选G。2 .选F 本选项与上一句构成语意上的转折关系，与主旨相对应，并与下一句构成语 意上的并列关系，共同说明上高校是为了学习一些你喜爱的东西，应选F。3 .选 A 由本段中的关键信息词freedom independence和making their own decisions”可以概括出本段的主旨，即实现自主，应选A。4 .选E 本选项承接前面的两个条件状语从句，来总结性地说明：无论你对什么感爱 好，你都能找到相应的团体，应选E。5 .选C 本段主要讲很多人上高校是为了追求新的环境，感受不一样的风景，应

44、选C。diseases bmightJbxJthfcJEj族apfiUttS-However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans IhdngiaJCaUtalhthan in any other state.it is likely that“很可能”,该句型中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。Bering/beorlq/ Strait/strelt/白令海峡Arctic/。: ktlk/0/.北极的；北极区的 the Arctic北极by means of用方法；

45、借助means/mi: nz/.手段；方法 means单复数同形。prehistoric/, pri： hPstD rlk/砧/.史前的which引导的定语从句，修饰“a land bridge。suffer况.受苦；受难”.患病；蒙受in addition (to)除之外，加之 die from 死于过去分词短语brought by the Europeans作后置定语，修饰the diseaseso survive vt.&活下来，幸免现在分词短语living in California作后置定语，修饰Native Americanso 第2段译文美洲土著人最早一批人详细是在什么时候来到我

46、们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清晰。 然而，可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为这些迁居 者是通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16 世纪来到这里后，土著人患病了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外， 欧洲人带来了疾病，使很多人染病而死。不过，还是有一些人经受了这些时期而活下来了。 今日住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。THE SPANISHsoldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century,皿父限 agai

47、nsHhfejlMkgjlfcQpkjandjQXyUIieklodTwo centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast ofStatesOf the first Spanish逾，the majority were religious men,whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.In 1821, the people of Mexico gai

48、ned their independence from Spain.California then became part of Mexico.In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war 超皿byJhe USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA.However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the stateJhatJ&Mhy today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.when引导的定语从句,修饰the early 16th centuryowhat是介词of的宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作call的宾