2023年广东中考初中英语阅读理解解题技巧.docx

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1、初中英语阅读理解题目类型归类及技巧点拨细节理解题一、命题形式。细节理解题主要考查学生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。广东中考阅读理解中细节理 解题主要有三大考查方向：1. W+1H细节题。5W+1H细节题主要考查学生对文章中发生什么事、事件的主要人物、事件发生的时间、原因、过程、结果的理 解。此类题目题干中的关键词是解题的关键，学生需将题干中的关键词代入原文中进行比对，得出正确答案。2. EXCEPT/TRUE 题。根据广东近5年中考真题可知，EXCEPT题出现在阅读A篇中（5年2考）,TRUE题出现在阅读B篇中（5年1考）。 此类题目主要是对某个点的全面考查或是对全文细节

2、的考查，学生需对全文的细节有全面的了解和把握，用排除法得 出正确答案。常见的设问方式：According to the passage, the followings areEXCEPT.（根据文章，以下是,除了？）Which of the following is TRUE/FALSE?（以下哪个是正确/不正确的？）3. 数字计算题。根据广东近5年中考真题可知，数字计算题多出现在阅读A篇中，多以how many进行设问，考查某个关键点下 包含多少个小点，学生需弄懂文章中各要点间的逻辑关系；或是考查年份、月份或金钱的计算，文章中经常会出现多个 数字，学生需对它们进行比对、分析、计算得出正确答案

3、。常见的设问方式：How manydoes the writer mention in Paragraph?（作者在段落提及了 多少？）Sb.and sb.will payfor the ticket.（某人和某人需要支付买票？）二、解题步骤。第一步，根据题干关键词定位到原文，锁定答案所在段落。第二步，根据选项关键信息，在文章中找到对应文字部分作为验证。方法一：排除干扰项法细节理解题中，部分题目的干扰选项往往是正确细节与非正确细节的混杂，考生需将选项与原文进行比对，排除 干扰选项，得出正确答案。（2022 广东阅读 A 篇节选）Now your kids can try these devic

4、es at the smart home show in our community science center from August 1st to August 14th.Opening Hours: 1 ： 00 p. m.一9： 00 p. m., from Tuesday to Sunday, closed on Monday.（）53. When can a visitor enter the science center?A. On Monday morning. B. On Sunday morning.C. On Monday afternoon. D. On Sunday

5、 afternoon.方法二：同义转换法细节理解题中还有一部分题目的题干关键词与选项关键信息是对原文进行了同义转换，同义转换的部分可能是一 个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，此时需要对比选项与原文的意思是否一致。（2021 1东|阅读 A 篇节选）For safety, you must use our new baskets only. A basket alone costs 5 yuan. It holds about 2 kg of strawberries and a basket of strawberries is priced at 50 yuan in total

6、.（）52. The farm provides new baskets.A. to cut down the cost B. to protect the environment C. to keep customers safe D. to carry more strawberries方法三：细节推敲法这类题目不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，学生需根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等对文章细 节进行推敲，得出正确答案。（2021 ）4 东 I阅读 B 篇节选）Pretty cool, right? Its not surprising that people in other c

7、ities have got in touch with Laura, hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities.（）58. People in other cities would like Laura to.A. find a truck driver B. visit their communitiesC. give away food to themD. help develop projects like hers 推理判断题一、命题形式。推理判断题要求学生根据阅读材料中所提供的

8、信息，推断出未知的信息。此类题目不能直接从文中找到答案，学 生需根据文章的细节或文章所表达的观点进行推断，不可凭个人臆断进行选择。在近5年广东中考中，推理判断题主要有四个考查方向：推断文章段落内容（5年1考）、推断文章来源（5年2考）、 推断文章读者（5年1考）、推断文章目的（5年1考）。二、解题技巧。方法一：针对文章段落内容的判断此类题目主要立足于文章的细节，学生需要从细节中找到线索，总结推理出正确答案。题干常出现：infer推断/暗示,suggest暗示,imply暗示,indicate暗示,conclude推断/得出结论等词语。常见的题干设题形式如下：We can know/infer/

9、learn from the passage that.（从文章中我们可以了解/猜测/学习到？）We can know/infer/learn from from sb与words that.（从某人的话语中，我们可以了解/猜测/学习到？）We can infer from the first/last passage that .（从第一段/最后一段中，我们可以猜测到？）The passage/author implies/suggests that .（这篇文章/作者暗示？）It can be concluded from the passage that .（从文中可以得出结论？）The

10、 underlined sentence indicates that （划线句子暗示/表明？）Which is the following is TRUE（about ）according to the passage?（依据文章，以下哪个是正确的？）Whats the purpose of the text/passage?（这篇文章的目的是什么？）Which is the following best describes?（以下哪个最好的描述了？）（2022 广东阅读 B 篇节选）For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying.

11、Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isnt important for me. What matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do, “ Jerry said to a newspaper.（）59. Jerrys and his friends* adventures have changed.A. t

12、heir hobbiesB. their friendshipC. their understanding of life D. their living conditions方法二：针对文章来源的判断此类题目可以根据文章的用词和体裁来推断文章的出处，也可以根据文章内容的主题意义来确定文章的出处。常见的题干设题形式如下:The passage is most likely to be taken from.（这篇文章最有可能选自于哪里？）（2）Where does the passage probably from?（这篇文章最有可能来自于哪里？）（3）Where can we most pr

13、obably read this passage.（我们最有可能在哪里读到这篇文章？）In which part of the newspaper will you And the passage?（你可以在报纸的哪个部分读/找到这篇文章？）常考文章来源相关单词：education教育science科学technology科技 culture文化health健康history历史news新闻newspaper报纸food饮食story故事nagazinead)advertisement 广告vebsite 网站(poster 海报(Obstruction 说明书）ook review书评fet

14、ter书信lovel小说每oem诗歌irama戏剧 notice 通知 sciencereport 科学报告 school report 学校报告 travel/tour guide 旅游手册 常考文章读者相关单词:teacher教师parent父母child孩子student学生visitor参观者worker工作人员police警察teenager青少年文章体裁：记叙文(nairation),议论文(argumentation),应用文(exposition),说明文(description)(2021 广东 I阅读 A 篇节选)We are known for our delicious

15、 strawberries. We invite you to visit the farm and enjoy our fresh products and great farming experiences. Well try our best to create a safe open-air environment fbr our customers.()55. The instructions are most probably from.A. a farm owner B. a teacher C. a news reporter D. a customer方法三：针对文章读者的判

16、断此类题目要先了解文章主旨大意，抓住文章中能提示读者对象的词或句进行判断。(2019 广东阅读 A 篇节选)Bullying(欺凌)can happen to anyone. A great many children around the world are bullied every year, but there are things that can be done to help.What can you do?If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know and like. For example, talk

17、to a parent or a teacher.()60. This passage is mainly written for.A. teachers B. parents C. children D. the police方法四：针对文章目的的判断判断文章的目的，可以从文章的主题句入手，先了解文章大意，再对作者写这篇文章的目的进行推断。常见的题干设题形式如下：From the story we can guess.(通过这个故事，我们可以猜测)The writer writes this text to.(作者写这篇文章是为了)The writer suggests that.(作者推测

18、/建议)We can learn/know from this passage that.（通过这篇文章，我们可以了解到）We can infer from the passage that.（通过这篇文章，我们可以推断）The author* main purpose in writing the passage is to .（作者写这篇文章的主要目的是）From the passage, we know that.（通过这篇文章我们可以了解到）The purpose of the article is to.（这篇文章的目的是）（2019 广东阅读 B 篇节选）In our daily

19、life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty.And we often see kids play with toy robots.But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics（特征）that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is no

20、t a robot.（）65. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To help people understand what a robot is. B. To tell what a robot can do in our life.C. To describe the movement of a robot.D. To introduce the history of robots.方法五：针对文章作者观点态度的判断推断作者对某人某事的看法或者作者所持的观点，作者的观点和态度通常在首段或尾段表现得最为明显。常见的题干设题形式如下：The

21、 author seems to be in favor of（赞成）/against （反对）.（作者似乎赞成/反对？）The author may probably agree with/support.（作者可能赞成/支持？）Whats the author opinion about （作者对于的观点？）In the author为opinion（在作者的观点里，？）词义猜测题一、命题形式。词义猜测题考查学生对一定的词汇在特定的语言环境中的意义的理解，要求学生对文中个别难词、关键词作出解 释。解答这类题目，学生需要利用上下文的关键信息点来确定其确切含义。在广东近5年中考中，词义猜测题通

22、常是对实词的意义进行考查，2019年考查代词的指代意义，2021年和2022年考 查英英转换（即选项都是英语）。对实词的考查主要是名词（5年2考）、形容词（5年2考）和动词（5年1考），考查的方式 为选项的单词解释题目的单词（英文一中文；英文一英文）。对代词的指代考查是选出代词指代的人或物。词义猜测题主要考查文章中出现的词、词组或句子的含义。词和词组的考查要求学生推测出生词的中文意思或其 近义词或短语的引申意义，而句子则考查根据上下文推测整句话的含义。对生词的考查针对的是对文中超纲词汇、一 词多义、熟词生义等意义的准确理解。常见的设问方式如下：The word“.in the passage

23、means?（文章中的单词“”意思是？）The underlined word”means?（划线单词“”意思是？）What is the Chinese meaning of the word”？（单词的中文意思是？）（4）The underlined worduit/they/ them,5means?（划线单词“它/他们”意思是？）二、解题技巧。方法一：语境推断法大部分的词义猜测题都可以通过上下文语境推断出答案，学生可以根据上下文之间的并列关系、已知信息与生词 的同义关系、反义关系等逻辑关系推断出生词的意思。（2022 广东阅读 B 篇节选）Although Jerry had achi

24、eved great success, he didnt feel fulHUed. He asked himself, Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world?”（）57. What does the underlined word “fulfilled in Paragraph 2mean?A. Satisfied.B. Lonely. C. Pa

25、tient.D. Worried.方法二：定义法此类题目中，文中的一个句子或段落给生词定义；用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号、括号中的内容对生词加 以解释或定义。（2019 广东阅读 B 篇节选）InteHigenceA robot needs some kind of “smarts” . A programmer is the person who gives the robot itssmarts.The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to

26、 do.（）64. The Chinese meaning of Intelligence” in the last paragraph is.A.能源B.勤奋C.智能D.外观方法三：构词法通过构词法来猜测词义，主要分为派生法和合成法两类。派生词的词义可依据“前缀变词义，后缀变词性”的原则来猜测词义。如：unsatisfied； speechless合成法由两个独立的单词合成一个新单词，考生需熟悉每个独立单词的词义，来猜出新单词的意思。如：homemade （2020 广东阅读 B 篇节选）However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching（偷猎）and illegalt

27、rade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty- three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephants were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020, said a member of MEP.（）57. What does the word illegal“ in Paragraph 4 mean in Ch

28、inese?A.公平的B.亏损的C.非法的D.合理的方法四：通过生活常识猜测词义（彳列题）Lisa let the hairdresser trimher hair a bit because it grew too long.What does the word trim” mean in Chinese?方法五：通过列举事例猜测词义My name is Tom. I want to join a club in my school. Pm not famous（著名的）now, but maybe 1 can be famous someday.l can*t sing or dance

29、or act, but I can do many other things. I can play three kinds of instruments: the guitar, the violin and the drums, think I can be in the music club.Maybe lean be a famous musician, like to read storybooks and| can write stories. Maybe I can be a famous writer like sports too,but I am not good at s

30、ports.Can Ijoin you?Whats the meaning of the underlined wordinstruments“ in Chinese?A.乐谱B.乐器C.乐章D.琴主旨大意题一、命题形式。主旨大意题主要考查学生对文章的概括能力，要求学生在理解全文的基础上，归纳短文的大意、概括文章的中心 思想或写出文章的标题。常见的设问方式如下：Whats the passage mainly about?（这篇文章的主要是关于？）The passage mainly talks about?（这篇文章主要讲了 ？）What is the main idea of this p

31、assage?（这篇文章的主要内容是？）The main idea of the passage is?（这篇文章的主要内容是？）Whats the topic of the text?（这篇文章的话题是？）What/Which is the best title for this passage?（以下什么/哪个是最合适的题目？）The purpose of this passage is to?（这篇文章的目的是？）The article is written to explain?（写这篇文章的目的是？）二、解题技巧。第一步：定位主题句，弄懂文章中心思想。方法一：开门见山主题句出现在文首

32、，这种结构主要是为了开门见山，先提出主题，然后围绕主题用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。方法二：藏头露尾主题句出现在文尾，这种结构往往是先阐述细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题。方法三：卧虎藏龙主题句隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求学生根据文章的细节来分析、概括、推导出文章的主 题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找核心词和高频词，然后加以归纳形成主题。第二步：比对选项，排除干扰项。主旨大意题的正确选项需要具有概括性，不能以偏概全或是泛泛而谈；选择文章最佳标题，要注意标题需具有概括性、 针对性和醒目性，标题要囊括文章的主要内容，指向文章的主要特点

33、。广东中考中主旨大意题的干扰选项通常有以下特征：以偏概全、扩大概念、缩小概念、逻辑错误等。（2021 广东阅读 B 篇）When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters（庇护所）in her community. I

34、n the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed & Find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city.How does it work? Through an app, Feed & Find matches local homeless shelters with school di

35、ning halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide.Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need.（）60. Which can be the best title for this passage?A. A Dining Guide App B. A Food Sharing ProjectC. A Driving Service App D. A Food Saf

36、ety Project段落大意题一、命题形式。段落大意题主耍考查学生对段落的概括能力，要求学生在理解段落的基础上，归纳出段落的大意、概括段落的中心思想或写出文章的标题。二、解题技巧。此类题目需要读懂段落意思，学生可以通过寻找段落主题句，抓住中心词来概括段落；或整合段落中的关键要点 进行综合归纳，并联系上下文，排除以偏概全的干扰信息，得出结论，选择具有概括性的段落大意。（2022 广东I阅读 B 篇）Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting

37、 in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure（探险）in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventurer of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.（）56. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?A. Jerry*s friends. B. Jerrys achievements.C. High mountains. D. A geography

38、magazine.高分技巧1 ,快速读题，带着问题读文章通过快速读题，确定题干中的关键词，即能够反映题干的中心信息或能体现题干最大特征的词，如时间和数字、专 有名词、实义名词、抽象名词以及中心动词等。把握题干中的关键词有助于有的放矢地阅读并正确地确定答案。2 .合理猜测推敲生词阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，耍沉着冷静，细心思考。有些生词可从构词法角度分析判断词意，而多 数生词应根据上下文或前后句来推测其意义，少数陌生词应通过对全篇或全段文字的理解来猜测出它们的意思。3 .注意特殊语言现象，并做标记特殊语言现象指文中表示因果、比较、转折、举例等现象。阅读时应留意表示这些关系的标志词，如连

39、接词、副 词、代词、介词短语等，如：if、when how、because thought but however、example等。它们在上下文中具有条 件、时间、方式、原因、让步、转折、指代、递进、对比、结果、列举等作用，正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用，对做 阅读理解题是大有好处的。正确选项的特点：正话反说；同义词替换；叙述角度转换意思不变。干扰项的特点：绝对化:选项中出现绝对化的词汇，如only, all, any, every, always, never等，此时应格外小心；偷换概念：如扩大或缩小范围，要特别关注名词前有无修饰；片面化：以偏概全，以细节代主题等；串段现象：如某题考第二段内容，但把别的段落的信息放在选项中；无中生有：如加上最高级或唯一性、虚假比较、无关话题等。