2023年高中英语句子成分语法分析之表语与同位语.docx

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1、2023年高中英语句子成分语法分析之表语与同位语表语表语和它前边的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用于说明主语 的特征、状态、身份、类属等。常见的系动词有下面这些： appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, rest, run, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn表语表示法1）名词* It is a long wait in the dark.在黑暗中他们等了很长 一段时间。* That will be a good beginning, I hope.我希

2、望，这将是 一个良好的开端。* That remains a puzzle to me.这对我还是个难题。2）代词* Its him.是他。* Is that book hers?那本书是她的吗？* Ill be myself again in no time.我过一会儿就会好的。3）数词* She is sixteen. 他十六岁。* She is always the first to get up,她总是第一个起床。* He was the second to climb the mountain. 他是登这座 山的第2人。4）形容词* Shes keeping quite well.她

3、身体一直保持得很好。* The dish smells good.这盘菜闻起来不错。* She has gone mad.她疯了。5）现在分词或过去分词作表语* What he said was very encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人心。* The flowers look charming after the rain. 雨后的鲜花 看上去很漂亮。* It was amazing that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly.那男孩能这么快解决这个问题真是令人惊 奇。* It is frightening for he

4、r to think of that ghost story. 她想到那个鬼故事就毛骨悚然。* Please remain seated.请不要站起来。* He seemed embarrassed.他似乎很尴尬。* The question still remains unsettled.问题仍未解决。* We were delighted to see them.我们很高兴见到他们。注现在分词与过去分词作表语时，其动作意味很弱，在 功能上更接近形容词。不少词（如charming、unsettled等）已 经演化为正式的形容词。6）动名词* One of the best exercises

5、 is swimming. 游泳是最好的运 动项目之一。* Her hobby is growing roses.她的爱好是种玫瑰花。* Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是 演奏各种音乐。7）不定式* His wish wasto become a scientist.他的愿望是当一名科 学家。* Our next step was to get all things ready. 我们下一步 是把事情都准备好。8）副词* The power was still off.仍然停电。* Time is up.时间到了。* I am not

6、 sure if he is around.我不清楚他是否在附近。* What s up?发生了什么事？9）介词短语* Hes still in danger.他仍在危险期。* The train station is just across the road. 火车站就在 马路对面。* She has been out of work for three months, 她有三个 月没工作了。* They are of great help to learners of English. 它们 对于英语学习者很有用处。* The truth is that he was very shy.事

7、实是他很害羞。* The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问 题是这部电影是否值得看。* That1 s because we never thought of it. 这是因为 我们从 未想过此事。同位语同位语紧跟在名词或代词之后，用于补充说明该名词或代词。1 .限制性同位语限制性同位语紧随其所修饰的前边的名词之后，不用逗号或破 折号隔开。1）名词作同位语He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor. 他告诉我他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。We girls o

8、ften go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经 常一起去看电影。We your friends are always ready to help you. 我们是你 的朋友，时刻准备帮助你。Professor Hunter is busy scoring the examinations. 亨 特教授正忙于给考试评分。The term fluid means a substance that can flow. 所谓 “流体”是指可流动的物质。2）代词作同位语His jokes made us all laugh.他讲的笑话使我们都笑起来。 They are bo

9、th in favor of the plan.他们两人都赞成这个 计划。They each signed the paper.他们每个人都在文件上签了字。The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。 Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged.迈拉自己由于悉心为老年人工作而获得一枚奖章。We none of us said anything.我们谁也没说话。They neither of them wanted to go.他们两人都不想去。3）数词作同位语You two come a

10、nd sit here.你们两人到这里来坐。You may leave it to us three.你可以将这事交给我们三人 去做。2 .非限制性同位语1）非限制性同位语与其所修饰的成分用逗号，破折号或冒号隔 开。Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的 新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。Canberra, the capital city of Australia, is located between Sydney and Melbourne.堪培拉是澳大利亚的首都，它 位于悉尼和墨尔本之间。The train finally ar

11、rived and two young men - one big and broad, the other small and slight - stepped onto the platform.火车终于到站，两位年轻人一位大个儿，体格魁梧；另一位，小个儿，长相瘦弱一一踏上了月台。They have everything they need： land, brains, wealth and technology.他们有他们需要的一切：土地，人才，财富和枝术。2）非限制性同位语可有引导词for example, especially, including 等。He is intereste

12、d in sports, especially ball games, 他喜 欢运动，特别是球类运动。Some students, for example, John, live in the city. 有 些学生，例如约翰吧，就住在城里。Only one boy, namely Nicholas, was late.只有一个男孩迟 到了，就是尼古拉斯。She liked all her classes, particularly sewing class. 她 喜欢各门课程，特别是缝纫课。More than 20 people were killed, including five pol

13、icemen. 超过20人丧生，其中包括5名警察。Some boys, such as Tom and Mike, like to play football.有些男孩，例如汤姆和迈克，喜欢踢足球。3）非限制性同位语有时也可用形容词充当。All the countries, big or small, are equal. 所有的 国家， 不分大小，都是平等的。He has read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.他看了各种和样的书，古今中外都有。4）同位语可以提前，特别是主语比较短时，用于突出同位 语。

14、A person of French origin, he is now an American citizen. 他 的籍贯在法国，但他现在是美国公民。Formerly a worker himself, he is now an engineer. 他过去 是工人，现在是一名工程师了。同位语的连接词我们知道，在很多情况下同位语都是直接用名词或代词充当 的。 比如 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 中的 our new teacher0和 We your friends are always ready to help you.中

15、的your friendo但在用法上人们也习惯在同 位语前加上一些连接词，诸如：for example, namely, that is, such as等。这个习惯在英文和中文中也是类似的。注意我们这 里讲的是同位语的连接词，而不是同位语从句的引导词。1 .用来举例，表示“例如，比如”的词汇，如：for example, for instance, (lets) say 等。Some plants, for example mimosa pudica, can move when you touch them.有一些植物，例如含羞草，当你触碰时它们会 动。You could learn to

16、 play chess in, say, three months. 学 下国际象棋要用，比如说，三个月时间吧。2 .表示“即，也就是说，即是”的词汇，如：namely, that is等。We all know that water consists of two elements, namely oxygen and hydrogen.我们都知道水是由两种元素组成的，即 氧和氢。3 .用来列举，表示“诸如,例如”的词汇，如such asoYou will need some form of identification, such as a drivers license, a bank

17、card or a passport. 你需要某种 形式的身份证明，比如驾照、银行卡或护照。4 . 一些用于表示特指性列举的词,如notably, mainly, especially, particularly 等。The behaviour of some materials, notably structural steel, can often be approximated by a stress-strain curve.一些材料的变化，尤其是钢结构，通常可以近似地通过应力应变 曲线来表达。5 . 表示“包括”的词汇，如includingEight students didnt pass this exam, including July and Jane.八个学生没有通过这次考试，包括朱迪和简。