2023年初中英语语法之宾语从句考点及难点归纳.docx

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1、2023年初中英语语法之宾语从句考点及难点归纳一、宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语 从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v. -ing 形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid, sure,glad等）之 后也可以带宾语从句。宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：I don t know what they are looking for.二、宾语从句中的引导词在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that （that 常可省略），whether, if 代词：who, w

2、hose, what, which 副词：when, where, how, why 等。三、宾语从句的时态1 .主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2 .主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn, t finished her work on time.3 .当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light trav

3、els faster than sound.四、宾语从句的特点1 .宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2 .宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3 .连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份， 多数情况下可以省略。4 . whether和if都可引导宾语从句，但whether后可紧跟or not； whether从句可作介词的宾语。5 .如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it。五、宾语从句的引导词有三种情况引导陈述意义的句子用that,无实际意义，口语中可以省略； Everybody knows (that) money doesnt grow on trees.人人都知道树上不

4、会长出钱来。表示“是否”的 意义时用whether或if (当句中有。r是只能 用whether而不用if);I don t know whether he likes white or not.我不知道他是否喜欢白色。引导特殊疑问句意义的句子时用特殊疑问词who, whose, whom, which, what, when, where, 或 howQI am interested in what she is doing.我对她正在做的事情感兴趣。宾语从句的语序：无论什么引导词，表达陈述还是疑问，宾语从 句都必须用陈述语序。六、在宾语从句中须注意：1 . that在口语中常被省略，但在正

5、式的文体中，不能省；并且 它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导except, but, in等少 数介词的宾语从句。如：I didn, t know (that) he was Li Lei,我不知道他就是李蕾。I will do anything I can to help you except that I m ill. 只 要我身体舒服，我愿做任何事情来帮助你。2 .宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用it作形式宾语, 把宾语从句放到句末，此时的that不能省。如：The boy has made it clear that they can, t play with his toy

6、s. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。3 .动词 advise, ask, demand, desire, insist (坚决主张)， order, propose, request, suggest (建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟 语气，即：(should) do的形式。He asked that we (should) get there before nine o clock. 他 要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老 师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。4 .宾语从句的

7、时态与主句的时态须呼应。1）当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任 何所需要的时态表示。如：He always says that he is our good friend.他总是说他是我们 的好朋友。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed.当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我 们做了一件好事。2）当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的 过去时。如：He didn t tell us he came from Shanghai.他

8、没有告诉我们他来 自上海。He said he had read the book.他说他读过这本书。3）但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时, 即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world.我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世 界的东方。七、whether与if

9、引导宾语从句宾语从句是否定句时，只用if,不用whetheroe. g. I wonder if it doesn t rain.用if会引起误解，就要用whether。e. g. Please let me know whether you want to go (此句如果 把whether改成if,容易当成条件句)宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用，就不能换成if;不 直接连用，可换。e. g. I don t know whether or not the report is true. I don t know whether/ if the report is true

10、 or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。 whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步 状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if,而 不能用whetheroe. g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They don t know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time.注意： 在 demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, requ

11、est, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的 动词后，宾语从句常用“(should) +动词原形”。e. g. I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持 要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。八、宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法更是复杂多样表建议，命令，请求和要求由 advise, suggest, recommend, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist , o

12、rder, propose, request等引导的宾语从句,从句谓语 由“should+动词原形”构成。eg. He suggested that we should leave early.He insisted that I should go with them.He ordered that we should go back.表希望，安排，敦促，打算，想象由 believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine, urge 等词弓I 导的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，should可省 略。eg. He urged that they

13、 go to Europe.She desires that he do it.Can you believe that he should kill a tiger?wish后的宾语从句wish后接宾语从句时，要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相 反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去事实 相反的愿望，从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过去 完成时had done；若表示将来的愿望，用would (could) +动词原形。eg. I wish she were not married.I wished I had been rich.I wish the train would come.would rather, had rather, would soonery 弓I 导的从句英语中这类词引导的从句通常表达一种与客观事实相违的情况, 所以使用虚拟语气。表示过去时，用“had +过去分词”，表示现在 和将来时用“一般过去时”。eg. Id rather you had seen the film yesterday.I d rather you went cinema tomorrow.