【高考核心词汇考前冲刺】名词词义辨析+单选100题高考英语词汇查漏补缺冲刺训练.docx
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1、【高考核心词汇考前冲刺】专题名词词义辨析单选100题高考英语词汇查漏补缺冲刺训练(含解析)一、单项选择1. Success comes to those who are willing to risk making mistakes in the of their goals andambitions, and who are able to learn from those mistakes.A. procedureB.pursuitC. preference D. progress2 . At that time we had tomake the that the disease was
2、 spreading and take actionto stop it.A. arrangementB.appointmentC. assumption D. assistance3. When comingacross aword youdontknow, you can try to guess the meaning of the word fromtheA. contextB. accessC. creativityD. approach4. If we order this English-Chinese dictionary in large quantities from th
3、e bookstore, they will consider giving us a of at least 10%.A. discountB. bargainC. budgetD. reward5. . Having the courage to be disliked does not mean that you can use your weaknesses as an fornot improving yourself.A.capacityB. excuseC. passionD.demand6. The TV series Flight to You has received a
4、lot of positive from the audience.A.reviewsB. previewsC. revisionsD.proposals7. To our delight, the boy who shows great in playing football has been admitted to the universityfor his talent.A. choiceB. respectC. additionD. promise8. The presidents of the two developing countries are holding another
5、round of negotiations in a friendly80.As a developing country, we must keepwith the rapid development of the world economy.A.moveB. stepC. speedD. pace81.Urban congestion would greatly be relieved if thecharged on public transport were morereasonable.A. pricesB , ticketsC. feesD. fares82. Youd bette
6、r go and try to persuade him to come to our party tonight.Theres noin talking to him.He never listens.A.worthB, usageC.pointD. good83.A.reasonB purposeC.pointD. resultThere is noin getting depressed about it nowits no use crying over spilt milk.84.A.happinessB. delightC.astonishmentD. fearTo my , I
7、met an old friend yesterday who was said to have been dead for a long time.85.You must take everything into when you want to do a difficult task.A.observationB. regardC. countingD.consideration86.Some fish have a greaterfor acid water than others.A.toleranceB. resistanceC. dependenceD.persistence87.
8、The police set ato catch the thieves.A.planB. deviceC. trapD.trick88.From the way her sitting-room is decorated, you can tell she has a wonderfulin arts.89. The album of paintings in this museum is a from an old professor.A.giftB.presentC. talentD. genius90. They had carried out a dirty campaign aga
9、inst a rival airline.A.waysB.ideasC. tricksD. techniques91. When he applied for a in the offices of the local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.A. careerB. workC. situationD.possession92. Whenthe old man got home, hefound his window open,but hedidnt find any of being stolen.A. sightB. signC.
10、 sceneD.notice93. If you drive from the airport, go on the motorway and follow the.A. waysB. pointsC. signalsD. signs94. A to this problem is expected to be found beore long.A. resultB. responseC. settlementD. solution95. . This new discovery of oil is of great to this areas economy.A. significanceB
11、. accuracyC. satisfactionD. assumption96. Can you understand the of what he said?A. significantB. significanceC. celebrationD. welcome97. When I was a little boy, I lived in a small fishing village. The visit to the village reminded me of the of my childhood.A.viewsB.scenesC. sceneryD.sights98. . Th
12、e tomato juice left brown on the front of my jacket.A.spotB.pointC. trackD.trace99. Its been a to be involved insuchinteresting voluntary work.A. privilegeB. choiceC. pityD. debate100. Tom rescued the child at the of his own life.A. dangerB. expenseC. riskD. cost参考答案:1. B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:成功属于那些在追求目标和
13、抱负的过程中愿意冒犯错误的风险, 并且能够从这些错误中吸取教训的人。A. procedure程序;B. pursuit追求;C.preference偏爱;D.progress进步。根据后文“of their goals and ambitions”指追求目标和抱负。故选B。2. C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当时我们必须假设这种疾病正在传播,并采取行动阻止它。A. arrangement 安排;B. appointment 约会;C. assumption 假设;D. assistance 帮助。结合句意,that 引导 的同位从句是抽象名词assumption的具体内容。故选C项。3.
14、A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:遇到不认识的单词时,你可以试着根据上下文猜单词的意思。A. context上下文;B. access通道,机会;C. creativity创造力;D. approach方式,方法。根据前文“guess the meaning of the word”可知,此处指“根据上下文猜单词意思”。故选A项。4. A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果我们从书店大量订购这本英汉词典,他们会考虑给我们至 少10%的折扣。A. discount折扣;B.bargain讨价还价;C.budget预算;D. reward奖励。根据in large quantities及常识可知,
15、如果大量订购,一般会有优惠,此处指英汉词典会有10%的折扣。故选A。5. B【详解】考查名词。句意:有不被人喜欢的勇气,并不意味着你可以把自己的弱点作为不提高自己 的借口。A. capacity能力;B. excuse借口; C.passion热情;D. demand命令。结合句意可知,能接 受自己不被人喜欢并不能作为借口。故选B项。6. A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:电视居U向风而行获得了很多观众的好评。A. reviews评论; B. previews 预演;C. revisions 修订;D. proposals 提议。结合下文“from the audience”可知,此次是指 得
16、到了观众的好评。故选A。7. D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:令我们高兴的是,那个在踢足球方面大有前途的男孩因他的天 赋被大学录取了。A. choice选择;B. respect尊重、尊敬;C. addition增加;B. promise前途、获得 成功的迹象、承诺。根据句意,这个男孩被大学录取是因为他在足球方面的天赋,说明他在踢足球 方面是大有前途的。故选D。8. D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这两个发展中国家的总统正在友好的气氛中举行另一轮谈判。 A. climate气候;B. situation状况;C.phenomenon现象;D. atmosphere气氛。分析句意可知,此处
17、使用atmosphere作介词宾语符合语境,表示“谈判时的氛围”。故选D项。9. B【详解】考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意:语言专家认为,在社交媒体交流中,句号的用法正在 被“以一种真正根本的方式修改”,因为它们被青少年解读为愤怒的符号。A. violent暴力的;mark记 号;B. fundamental基础的,根本的;sign符号;C.violent暴力的;sign符号;D. fundamental基础 的,根本的;symbol象征,标志。分析句意可知,第一空应该使用fundamental,因为句号本是标点 符号,现在却代表着生气,因此其使用发生了根本性变化;第二空使用sign而非sym
18、bol表示标志, 因为sign表示的是“具有固定意义的一种简明的符号或标志”,而symbol指的是“为象征或表达某种 深邃意义的特殊事物”。故选B项。10. C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:她是我认识的为数不多的绅士女性之一,在我的一生中,她一 直是衡量一个人的标准。A. necessity必要;B. combination结合;C.measure标准,尺度;D. mixture 混合物。分析句意可知,本句所提女士对说话人而言很重要,应该是其衡量人的标准。故选C项。11. C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这座纪念碑立着,提醒着人类对人类的不人道。A. custom风俗; B. tradit
19、ion传统;C. reminder提醒物;D. border边界。分析句意可知,monument“纪念碑”的存在一般是为了纪念或者是警示什么,而后文提到的的是人类的不人道,可推测这座纪念碑是为了提醒人 们不要忘记不人道这件事。故选c项。12. B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:被这对夫妇和家庭场景所感动,他发现自己在想他的妻子。A. view 观点,风景;B. scene场面;C. scenery风景;D. sight视线。分析句意可知,此处应该讲述的是说话 人看到别人夫妻俩让人感动的场面时,触景生情,想起来自己的妻子,故使用scene作介词宾语符合 语境。故选B项。13. C【详解】考查名词
20、词义辨析。句意:森林里的树并不都是相互竞争的。它们与巨大的根和蘑菇网络 相连,让它们彼此交流,来回传递营养。A.communication交流;B. admission承认,允许进入; C.competition竞争;D.expression表达,词句。由句意可知,森林中的树彼此之间是相互交流,来回 传递营养的,因此树木之间并不都是竞争关系,所以competition符合句意。故选C项。14. B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果罪名成立,总统面临的惩罚是被免职并被禁止再次担任公 职。A.escape 逃避;B.removal 免职;C.trial 审讯;D.fine 罚款。根据下文“bei
21、ng banned from holding office again”可知应该是免职符合句意,故选B。15. D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我很尴尬,因为我不知道他们在谈论什么名流和时尚,我 只是傻乎乎地频频点头。只approval赞成、批准、许可;B. disposal处理、转让;C. comprehension 理解力、领悟力;D. ignorance无知。根据后面的“only silly nodding frequently”可知,此处指不知道 别人谈论什么,只能傻乎乎地频频点头。故选D项。16. A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这本书简要介绍了城堡的历史和大厅里艺术收藏的细节。
22、A. outline 概述,纲要;B. reference 参考;C. article 文章;D. outlook 前景,观点。根据“the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall”可知,此处指的是书的概要。故选 A。17. C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:在操场上发现的钱包符合玛丽的描述,所以肯定是她的。A. direction 方向;B. expression表达;C. description描述;D. instruction指导;说明。根据题意可知,此处表示 符合玛丽的描述。故选C
23、。18. C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这些生物学上的发现都有助于我们了解地球上生命的存在能力, 即使是在最极端的环境下。A. component成分;B. coverage报道;C.capacity能力;D. comprehension 理解。由“even in the most extreme circumstances”可知,句子表示“这些生物学上的发现都有助于我们 了解地球上生命的存在能力,即使是在最极端的环境下”,空格处意为“能力”。故选C。19. D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这里的天气变化无常。早晨晴朗的天空并不能保证一天中其余 时间的好天气。A. outcome结果;后
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