2023年考研英语二真题答案及解析.pdf

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1、2023年考研英语二真题答案及解析（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishHeres a common scenario that any number of entreprenuers facetoday:youre the CEO of a small business and though youre making a nice 1,you need to find a way to take it to the next level,what you need to do is 2growth by establishing a growth team.A growt

2、h team is made up of membersfrom different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power ofcollaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Lets look at a real-world 4.Prior to forming a growth team,the softwarecompany BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments ofengineeri

3、ng,marketing and product development.This brought them goodresults until 2012,when their growth plateaued.The 6 was that too manycustomers were using the basic,free version of their product.And 7improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making theupgrade.Things changed,8,when an innov

4、ative project marketing manager cameaboard,9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it becameclear that the 11 of upgrades wasnt due to a quality issue.Most customerswere simply unaware of the premium version a

5、nd what it offered.Armed with this 12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces toraise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the freeversion.14,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth,team to succeed,it needs to a have a st

6、rongleader.It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep themon course for improvement.This leader will 16_ the target area,set clear goals and establish a timeframe for the 17of these goals.This growth leader is also 18 for keeping theteam focus on moving forward and steer them cl

7、ear of distractons.19 attractive,new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when theseideas dont 20 the current goal and need to de put on the back burner.1 .A.purchase B.profit C.connection D.bet2.A.define B.predict C.prioritize D.appreciate3.A.exclusively B.temporarily C.potential

8、ly D.initially4.A.experiment B.proposal C.debate D.example5.A.identical B.marginal C.provisional D.traditional6.A.rumor B.secret C.myth D.problem7.A.despite B.unlike C.through D.besides8.A.moreover B.however C.therefore D.again9.A.inspected B.created C.expanded D.reformed10.A.cultural B.objective C.

9、fresh D.personal11.A.end B.burden C.lack D.decrease12.A.policy B.suggestion C.purpose D.insight13.A.contributing B.allocating C.promoting D.transferring14.A.As a result B.At any rate C.By the way D.In a sense15.A.unite B.finance C.follow D.choose16.A.share B.identify C.divide D.broaden17.A.announcem

10、ent B.assessment C.adjustment D.accomplishment18.A.famous B.responsible C.available D.respectable19.A.Before B.Once C.while D.Unless20.A.serve B.limit C.summarize D.alterSection IIReading ComprehensionPart AText 1In the quest for the perfect lawns,homeowners across the country aretaking a shortcut-a

11、nd it is the environment that is paying the price.Abouteight million square meters of plastic grass is sold each year but oppositionshas now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsen Flower Showhas banned fake grass from this years event,declaiming it to be not part of itsethos.The Royal H

12、orticultural Society(RHS),which norms the annual show inwest London,says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plasticgrass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne of the RHS said:we launched our sustainability strategy lastyear and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos a

13、nd views on plastic.Werecommend using real grass because of its environment benefits,whichinclude supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.The RHSs decision comes as compaginers try to raise awareness of theproblem fake grass cause.A Twitter account,which claims to cut th

14、rough thegreenwash of artificial grass,already has more than 20,000 followers.It istrying to encourage people to sigh two petitions,one calling for a ban on thesale of plastic grass and another calling for an ecological damage tax onsuch lawns.They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282 signatures.However,s

15、upporters of fake grass point out that theres also anenvironmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing and thereforeusually consume electricity or petrol.The industry also points out that realgrass require considerable amounts of water,weed killer or other treatmentsand that people who lay f

16、ake grass tend to use their garden more.The industryalso claims that people who lay fake grass spend on average of 500 trees orshrouds for their garden,which provides habitat for insects.21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass-A.is harmful to the environment.B.is a hot topic in gardening circlesC.is ov

17、erpraised in the annual showD.is ruining the view of west London22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners-A disappointment with the RHS.B resistance to fake grass use.C.anger over the proposed tax.D.concern about real grass supply23.In Paragroph 4.supporters of fake grass poin

18、t out-A.the necessity to lower the costs of fake grassB.the disadvantage of growing real grass.C.the way to take care of artificial lawnsD the challenges of insect habitat protection24.what would the govenment do with regard to artifical grass?-A Urge legislation to restrict its use.B Take measures

19、to guarantee its qualityC Remind its users to obey existing rulesD.Replace it with sustainable alternatives25 It can be learned from the text that fake grass-A.is being improved continouslyB.has seen a market share docline.C.is becoming increasingly affordabeD has been a controversial product.Text 2

20、Its easy to dismiss as absurd the federal governments ideas for pluggingthe chronic funding gap of our national parks.Can anyone really think its agood idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks toline up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the governmen

21、t is right about one thing:U.S.national parks are incrisis.Collectively,they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12 bllion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be acrue-all.Campgrounds are a ti

22、ny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and businesses in the parks hand over,on average,only about 5%of theirrevenues to the National Park Service.Moreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of themajor reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy

23、nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms dailylife.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved offunding.An economic survey of 700 U.S.taxpayers foundthat people would bewilling to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and theirprogr

24、ams are kept intact.Some 81%ofrespondentsaid they would be willing topay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid anycuts to the nationalparks.The natiopal parks provide great yaluejto U.S.residents both as places toescape and assymbols of nature.On top of this,they produce value from theirex

25、tensive educational programs,their positive impact on the climate throughcarbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic life,and ofcourse through tourism.The parks also help keep Americas past alive,working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protecthist

26、orical sites and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only 3 bilion ayear to the national park system an amount that has been flat since 2001(in inflation-adusted dollars)with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009.Meanwhile,the numb

27、er of annual visitors has increased more than 50%since1980,and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26.What problem are US national parks faced with?-A.Decline of business profitsB.Inadequate commercializationC.Lack of transportation servicesD.Poorly maintained infrastructure27.Increased priv

28、atization of the campgrounds may_A.spoil visitor experienceB.help preserve natureC.bring operational pressureD.boost visits to parks28.According to paragraph 5,most respondents in the survey would_.A.go to national parks on a regular basis.B.advocate a bigger budget for the national parks.C.agree to

29、 pay extra for the national parks.D.support the national parks recent reforms.29.The national parks are valuable in that theyA.lead the way in tourismB.have historical significanceC.sponsor research on climateD.provide an income for the locals.30.lt can be concluded from the text that the national p

30、ark systemA.is able to cope with staff shortagesB.is able to meet visitors demandsC.is in need of a new pricing policyD.is in need of a funding increase.Text 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember,not ourcapacity to do so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor BetsySparrow.

31、In 2011,Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked torecord 40 factoids in a computer(an ostrichs eye is bigger than its brain,forexample).Half of the participants were told the information would be erased,while the other half were told it would be saved.Guess what?The latter groupmade no

32、effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later,because theyknew they could find it on their computers.In the same study,a group wasasked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in.Theydidnt remember the information,but they remembered how to find the folders.In othe

33、r words,human memory is not deteriorating but adapting to newcommunications technology,Sparrow says.In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard drive forour memories,a process known as cognitive offloading.Traditionally,thisrole was fulfilled by data banks,libraries,and other h

34、umans.Your father maynever remember birthdays because your mother does,for instance.Someworry that this is having a destructive effect on society but Sparrow sees anupside.Perhaps,she suggests,the trend will change our approach to learningfrom a focus on individual facts and memorization to an empha

35、sis on moreconceptual thinking-something that is not available on the Internet.Ipersonally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizingthings,Sparrow says,adding that we havent lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say its too soon to understand how the Internet affectsour

36、brains.There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes withour ability to focus,for instance,wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris andDaniel J.Simons.And surfing the web exercised the brain more than readingdid among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24participants

37、 at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior atthe University of California,Los Angeles.There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on theInternet,but Id have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweighthose costs,observes psychology professor Benjamin Sto

38、rm.It seems prettyclear that memory is changing,but is it changing for the better?At this point,we dont know.31.Sparrows study shows that with the Internet,the human brain will-A.analyze information in detailB.collect information efficientlyC.switch its focus of memoryD.extend its memory duration32.

39、The process of,lcognitive offloading-A.helps us identify false informationB.keeps our memory from failingC.enables us to classify trivial factsD.lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?-A.It may reform our learning approachB.It may impact our soci

40、ety negativelyC.It may enhance our adaptability to technologyD.It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?-A.requires further academic researchB.is most studies in older adultsC.is reflected in our reading speedD.depends on our

41、web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that-A.our reliance on the Internet will be costlyB.the Internet is weakening our memoryC.memory exercise is a must for our brainD.our ability to focus declines with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical.Thats a mild and detached way of sayings

42、omething that parents often express with considerably stronger language.Butthe paradox is scientific as well as personal.In adolescence,helpless anddependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everythingbecome independent people who can take care of themselves and help eachother.At

43、 the same time,once cheerful and compliant children becomerebellious teenage risk-takers.A new study published in the journal Child Development by Eveline Croneof the University of Lerden and colleagues,suggests that the positive andnegative sides of teenagers go hand in hard.The study is part of a

44、new waveof thinking about adolescence.For a long time,scientists and policy markersconcentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem needed to be solved.The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well asrisk.The researchers studied prosocial and rebellious traits in mo

45、re than 200child and young adults,ranging from 11 to 28 years old.The participants filledout questions about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive,like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend or rebellious and negative,like getting drunk or staying out late.Other studi

46、es have shown that rebellious behavior increased as youbecome a teenager and then fades away as you grow older.But the new studyshows that,interestingly,the same pattern holds for prosocialbehavior.Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to reportthat they did things like selfishl

47、y help a friend.Most significantly.there was a positive correlation between prosocialityand rebelliousness.The teenagers who were more rebellious were also morelikely to help others.The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to developtogether.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparen

48、tlycontradictory developments?One idea is that teenager behavior is related towhat researchers call reward sensitivity.Decision-making always involvesbalancing rewards and risks,benefits and costs Reward sensitivitymeasures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensiti

49、ve to social rewards-winning the game,impressing a new friend,getting that boy to notice you.Reward sensitivity,likeprosocial behavior and risk-taking,seems to go up in adolescence and thendown again as we age.Somehow,when you hit 30,the chance that somethingexciting and new will happen at that part

50、y just doesnt seem to outweigh theeffort of getting up off the conch.36.According to Paragraph 1,children growing into adolescence tend toA.develop opposite personality traitsB.see the world in an unreasonable wayC.have fond memories of their pastD.show attention for their parents37.It can be learne