第03讲 定语从句【暑假自学课】2023年新高二英语暑假精品课（外研版2019选择必修1）含解析.docx

《第03讲 定语从句【暑假自学课】2023年新高二英语暑假精品课（外研版2019选择必修1）含解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第03讲 定语从句【暑假自学课】2023年新高二英语暑假精品课（外研版2019选择必修1）含解析.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第03讲 定语从句 -【暑假自学课】2023年新高二英语暑假精品课（外研版2019选择必修1）第03讲 定语从句1. 复习定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法。2. 掌握定语从句在阅读写作的运用。定语是什么？基本概念：(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：A. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；B. 必在从句中作某个句子成份C, 指代先行词关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代

2、词that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物或主句内容主语、宾语who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语定语从句三步曲：第一找出先行词；第二找出定语从句第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句考点一：关系代词+不完整从句考向1：关系代词基本用法1. 指人时可以用who，也可用that。1） The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman.2） Do you know the girl who/that is

3、in red?2. 指物时可以用which，也可用that。1) I like music that/which I can dance to.2) What do you think of the movie that/which was shown last night?活学活用：1. I love singers . Singers write their own songs.改写： who在从句中用作主语。2. He is the man . I met the man yesterday. 改写：考向2：关系代词的特殊用法1：先行词是人，只能用who,不能用that的情况。1） 指人

4、的不定代词做先行词时，只能用who.We should help anyone who is in need.2） 非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用who.Im Li Hua, who is studying in London during the summer vacation.2：先行词是物，只能用which，不能用that的情况。1） 介词+whichThere are two chairs in the room, both of which are broken.2） 非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用whichThey won the

5、 game, which we hadnt expected.3：先行词是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情况。（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。1) I will tell him all that you told me at the ball. 2) The only thing that we could do was to wait. 3) The first place that we visited was the Great Wall. （2）先行词为all、much、little

6、、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代词时。The girl handed everything that she had picked up in the street to the police.（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at the children and books that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that it was 5 years ago.（5

7、）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Which are the books that you bought for me ?例11. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. 5. Look out ! Dont get too close

8、 to the house _ roof is under repair. 考点二：关系副词+完整从句关系副词有when,where, why三个， 在定语从句中一般作状语。2. 关系副词的作用关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语例21. The reason _he did it is not clear. The reason _he gave to the teacher is unbelievable.2. I will never forget the day_I met. I will never forget the day

9、 _we spent together.考点三：非限制性从句判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。1. I lost all the money you lent me yesterday.2. I lost all the money, without which I had to walk home. 例31.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health. 2.But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with to

10、p models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.3.My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter.考点四：介词+关系代词which/whom1） This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. 2） The babies (whom/who/that)the nurse is lookin

11、g after are very healthy.3） He loves his parents deeply, all of whom are very kind to him.例4【针对练习】1. Do you like the book _she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book _she paid $10?3. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5. He built a telescope _ he could s

12、tudy the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, _ stands our teacher.7.China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.10. He paid the boy $10 for washin

13、g ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. 11. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.12. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.1.(2022年新高考全国卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _65_ live within the Giant Panda Range and

14、significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.2.(2022年全国甲卷)On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _62_ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 3.(2021新高考,39)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sl

15、oane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museumopened in 1759.4.(2021课标全国,63)Because the moon􀆳s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spotit could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.5

16、.(2020课标全国,61)In ancient China lived an artistpaintings were almost lifelike.6.(2020江苏,21)Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free. 7.(2020天津,6)Dr. Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 8. (2021北京市期末)It was all happening too quickl

17、y, made many people feel nervous.9. (2021北京市期末)The university, many top students study, is cutting its enrollment in half next term.10. (2023安徽省单元测试)Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult.11. (2022全国月考试卷)Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kid

18、s.12. (2020全国模拟题)My grandma was born at a time _ mobile phones were not even in peoples imaginations.13. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child14. According to historians, there hasnt been a country with such a large population in human history _

19、has made such profound changes and improvements within such a short span of time.15. (2022江苏省南京市期末考试)A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period语法填空In China, food deliverymen are always in

20、 a rush between traffic regardless of wind or rain. _1_ they make our life more convenient, this can come at _2_ cost for them. On food delivery service platforms, the time limit is calculated by an algorithm （算法）.But it doesnt consider real-life _3_（ situation）, such as red lights and speed limits.

21、 For deliverymen, delay means a decrease in pay. So they speed up and often break traffic rules, _4_ （put） not only their own lives at risk, but also the lives of others. Many people scolded and asked the platforms to improve the regulations on delivery. _5_ response, Eleme announced it would add a

22、button to the app, _6_ allows customers to extend the time limit. But this created more _7_（ heat） debate, as some felt the company was distracting attention. The Shanghai Customer Council commented that the move was not reasonable, adding that the problems should _8_（settle） between the companies a

23、nd their employees. Also, even with the ability _9_（ allow） more time for delivery, some users felt this would not _10_ （full） address the problems.单句填空11.He wrote a long letter he explained what had happened in the accident. 12.We are hoping for support from Mr Webster,without support we cant make

24、it. 13.Some of the teachers at the college asked Dr Naismith to invent a gamecan be played indoors.14.Sierra Leone is a country basic health facilities are lacking and many people are struggling with poverty.15.Those motorcycles,a huge umbrella is fixed,are a huge threat to people walking in the str

25、eet.16.Im sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier,for ,I must say,I apologize. 17.Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life they arent content with their parents.18.Once there lived a rich man wanted to do something for the people of his town.19.Weve reached the Nullabor

26、Plain stretches for 1,000 km and is completely flat.20.Without thinking too much about it,I went to the Student Affairs Office, I knew I could find clothes in the “Lost and Found” box.不同语境中长难句定语从句的使用1. 邀请信1） Im writing to invite you to participate in a hiking organized by me， which some of our class

27、mates will take part in.翻译：_2) 我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。仿写：_2. 申请信11） I have taken up Chinese painting since I was five years old and I have a good knowledge of it, which makes it possible for me to introduce the exhibition well.翻译：_(2) 我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。仿写：_3. 申请信2（1） Im writing to apply to wor

28、k as a volunteer that you advertised in yesterdays newspaper.翻译：_(2)我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。仿写：_4. 通知1(1)The movie Growing Together, which is about the development of our school, will be shown in the school hall from 2:00 to 4：00 in the afternoon on June 17th.翻译：_(2)这场音乐会，其中包括由才华横溢的学生们表演的各种精彩节目，将于下周日上午在

29、我校大厅举行。仿写：_5. 通知2（1）Those who want to watch the movie are required to arrive before two in the afternoon.翻译：_(2)任何想参加该活动的同学，可以通过lihua 与李华联系。仿写：_6. 感谢信(1)I am grateful to you for everything that you did for me to improve my English.翻译：_(2)我写信是为了感谢我在英国时，你为我所做的一切。如果不是你的关心，我在那里就不会过得这么愉快了。仿写：_7. 推荐信（1） I

30、 suggest that the university you apply for is Peking University, which is one of the best universities in China.翻译：_(2)无论你是中国艺术爱好者，还是想了解更多内容的人，来欣赏这次艺术展吧。仿写：_8. 建议信（1) Here are some tips about how to learn Chinese, which I hope will be of great help to you.翻译：_(2)你提到你有两门选修课，以下是一些建议，希望能对你有好处。仿写：_第03讲

31、定语从句3. 复习定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法。4. 掌握定语从句在阅读写作的运用。定语是什么？基本概念：(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：A. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；B. 必在从句中作某个句子成份C, 指代先行词关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物或主句内容主语、宾语who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whos

32、e人或物定语关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语定语从句三步曲：第一找出先行词；第二找出定语从句第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句考点一：关系代词+不完整从句考向1：关系代词基本用法3. 指人时可以用who，也可用that。3） The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman.4） Do you know the girl who/that is in red?4. 指物时可以用which，也可用that。3) I like music that/w

33、hich I can dance to.4) What do you think of the movie that/which was shown last night?活学活用：2. I love singers . Singers write their own songs.改写： who在从句中用作主语。3. He is the man . I met the man yesterday. 改写：考向2：关系代词的特殊用法1：先行词是人，只能用who,不能用that的情况。3） 指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用who.We should help anyone who is in ne

34、ed.4） 非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用who.Im Li Hua, who is studying in London during the summer vacation.2：先行词是物，只能用which，不能用that的情况。3） 介词+whichThere are two chairs in the room, both of which are broken.4） 非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用whichThey won the game, which we hadnt expected.3：先行词是人或物，只能用that，不能用

35、which或who的情况。（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。1) I will tell him all that you told me at the ball. 2) The only thing that we could do was to wait. 3) The first place that we visited was the Great Wall. （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代词时。Th

36、e girl handed everything that she had picked up in the street to the police.（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at the children and books that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that it was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Which are the books that you bought

37、 for me ?例11. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. 5. Look out ! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. 考点二：关系副词+完整从句关

38、系副词有when,where, why三个， 在定语从句中一般作状语。3. 关系副词的作用关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语例23. The reason _he did it is not clear. The reason _he gave to the teacher is unbelievable.4. I will never forget the day_I met. I will never forget the day _we spent together.考点三：非限制性从句判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性

39、定语从句。3. I lost all the money you lent me yesterday.4. I lost all the money, without which I had to walk home. 例31.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health. 2.But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well

40、 as beauty.3.My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter.【答案与解析】1.which分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。2.who先行词是Sarah,从句中缺少主语,所以应该用who。3.when由句子结构可以判断空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是表示时间的mid-1980s,从句中缺少状语,因此填关系副词when。考点四：介词+关系代词which/whom4） This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. 5） The babies (whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.6） He loves his parents deeply, all of whom are very kind to him.例4【针对练习】1. Do you like the book _she spent $10? 2.