外研版必修三个单元重难点解析.pdf

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1、Module 1 Europe 重难点1.across prep./adv.(1)从一边到另一边；横过；穿过e.g.they walked straight across the road and to the gallery.(2)再对面e.g.The director lives across the street.(3)宽e.g.The giant poster is ten meters long and five meters across.辨析：acrossthroughoverby练习：The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,

2、the deserts,themountains,the valleys,till at last it reaches the sea.2.face v./n.(1)v t.面向；面朝；面对，面临be faced w ith 面对，面临【注意】不表示被动，而是表示主语的一种状态e.g.The village faces a range of mountains.Faced with these pressures,you can watch a comedy to relax.The architect is facing the biggest challenge of his caree

3、r.They were faced with an awful task of going across the desert.(2)n.脸；面部表情e.g.The boy made a face at the funny sculpture.固定搭配：in the face oflose facemake a face at sb.face to faceon the face of i t 从表面上看【注意】face为及物动词，用作非谓语动词时，有两种形式facing+n./pron.faced with+n./pron.3.range n./v.(1)n.山脉；范围；一系列搭配：in/w

4、ithin range o f 在.的范围内out of/beyond range of 超出.的范围a(wide)range of 一系列的；各种各样的e.g.The masterpiece is beyond my range of knowledge.students from a wide range of backgrounds.(2)v.在某范围内变化；包括(各种不同的人或物)搭配：range from A to B 在 A 到 B 之间变化；包括从A 到 B 之间的各种事物range between A and B 在 A 到 B 之间变化range in age/size/pr

5、ice from A to B 年龄/尺寸/价格在A 到 B 之间变动e.g.He has a number of different jobs,ranging from sailor to actor.The boots range in price from$25 to$200.People waiting in long queues range from elderly couples married for many years tonewlyweds.4.situated adj.=located坐 落(某 地)的；位 于(某 地)的搭配：be situated in/on/al/

6、near位于.附近；坐落在.附近e.g.My bedroom was situated on the top floor of the house.a farm situated in the valleyI saw the landmark situated at the mouth of the river.【注意】形容词化的过去分词(短语)可以做定语、状语、表语和补语。在通常情况下，这类过去分词与其逻辑主语之间弱化了被动含义，而侧重于主语存在的某种状态。常见的有：located,dressed in,lost,seated,faced with,hidden,married,intere

7、sted,surprised 等5.symbol n.象征；符号搭配：symbol of sth.的象征symbol for sth.符号e.g.What is the chemical symbol for copper?6.opposite prep.adj.adv.n.(1)prep.在.对面e.g.The actress sitting opposite us looked familiar.(2)ad j.对面的；相反的；迥然不同的be opposite toe.g.a poster on the opposite wallwalk in the opposite direction

8、The two headsr opinions are opposite to each other.(3)adv.在对面e.g.The architect lives just opposite.(4)n.c 相反的人；对立物【注】opposition U 反对；反抗e.g.Hot and cold are opposites.7.sign n./v.(1)vt./v i.签名；著名；签字；签署；小意；打手势sign to sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事e.g.My mother signed to me to try on the boots.Sign(your name)her

9、e,please.固定搭配：sign for sth,签收某物sign in/o u t签到/签退sign up(for sth.)报名(参加某课程或活动等)sign with.和.签约(2)n.标记，指示牌，符号，迹象，征兆，示意动作，手势固定搭配：there are signs o f 有.的迹象show signs of 表现出.样子give/make a sign to sb.to do sth.e.g.The architect shows no sign of being interested.The manager gave/made a sign to me to sit op

10、posite him.【辨析】sign:“标牌；迹象”，指人们公认的事物的记号，标志，也可指某事发生或某事属实或存在的迹象。signal:“信号”，指为某一目的而有意发出的信号、暗号symbol:“象征，符号，指有象征意义的或表达某种含义的特殊事物，或指某一特性或思想代表或代表性的任务mark:“标识；标记”，既可指为方便辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。练习：1.Make a at the bottom of the page.2.The on the wall said Now wash your hands,.3.A dove is the of peace

11、 while a dark cloud is a of rain.4.A red light is a of danger.8.agreement n.C 协定，协议，契约 U （意见）一致；同意固定搭配：sign an agreement签订协议come to/reach an agreement with 与.达成协议be in agreement 意见一致e.g.They reached an agreement on how to protect the birthplace of the ancient civilisation.Are we in agreement about t

12、he new project?句子分析1.nIt is said that this region is the birthplace of ancient civilisation.The gallery is located oppositethe parliament building,facing the sea.It is known as the landmark and a symbol of moderncivilisation in this region,the architect tells one of the representatives.He is designi

13、ng a newproject at the moment.Its a large sculpture.He*s thinking about whereabouts it will be built.2.The two heads of Italy and Portugal have signed an agreement to build a bridge together.Because of geographical features of this region,the bridge should be situated across the ranges ofthis region

14、.It will look like a boot.In terms of the agreement,the bridge should be built little bylittle and completed in five years.But it has been ten years ever since the bridge began to be built.Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries 重难点1.income n.U,C 收入e.g.The amount of someones income is never disc

15、ussed among friends in Western countries.We have an income of over$100,000 a year.固定搭配：a high/large income高收入a low/small income 低收入the average income 平均收入people on high/low incomes 高/低收入的人辨析：income:“收入；收益”。通常指一个人工作、投资等所得的钱，不仅限于工资。salary：“薪金；工资:通常指教师、经理、医生等职业人士的月薪。按月或年给付的工资。wage（s）:“工资二尤指店员或工人每周领取的工资

16、、工钱。计时或按周给付的工资。pay:“报酬；工资”指各类薪酬。练习：1.Have you got other apart from your?2.The average weekly is$350.3.Shes earning a good as an interpreter.2.development n.发展固定搭配:with the development o f 随着.的发展e.g.Working at home,which one could hardly imagine,has been made possible with thedevelopment of computer

17、technology.拓展：developed:a d j.（国家）发达的；（感觉、系统等）成熟的，先进的developing a d j.（国家）发展中的；生长的；变化的develop v.（使）成长；（使）发展；（疾病）开始侵袭；（问题、故障）产出，出现；冲 洗（胶片）e.g.The space agency says a problem has developed with an experiment aboard the spaceshuttle.I had the film developed yesterday.3.measure vt.link v.n.（1）v t.量；测量；估

18、量；衡量e.g.Education shouldnt be measured purely by examination results.固定搭配：measure sb.for s t h.给某人量（衣服）尺寸measure sth.by sth.用.衡量.e.g.She was being measured for the wedding dress by them.Poverty and wealth shouldnt be measured only by income.（2）link v.（长度、数量等）量度为【后接量的结果，不用于被动语态和进行时态】e.g.The big sculp

19、ture measures about 12 feet by 36 feet.（3）n.度量单位，计量标准；措施，办 法【当措施讲时，常用于复数形式】固定搭配：made to m easure量身定做take measures（to do sth.）采取措施做某事in full m easure全部地；最大限度地in large/some/equal measure 在很大/某种/同等程度上e.g.a dress made to measureMeasures are being taken to reduce crime in the city.Ganzhou,a city in south

20、ern Jiangxi,has also taken measures to solve the problem of soil andwater erosion,which worsens poverty levels.4.position n.(1)C 位置 U适当的位置固定搭配：in/out of position在/不在适当的位置e.g.This region has a good geographical position.All parking signs have been placed in position.(2)C,U(坐、立的)姿态；姿势e.g.Life in a com

21、fortable positionsitting/kneeling/standing/lying position(3)C 处境，状况固定搭配：put sb.in a good/an awkward p osition使某人处于有利/尴尬的境地e.g.Im sorry if I put you in an awkward position.(4)C 职位，职务She took up her position as head in the department.(5)C,U 地位，等级，身份e.g.the position of women in society(6)C 立场，态度e.g.Wha

22、ts your position on that project?【注意】当 position,situation,point,case,stage等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用where引导5.educate v t.教育；训练固定搭配：educate sb.about/in/on sth.教育某人关于某事e.g.She was educated in the US.He was educated at Stanford University.The campaign is intended to educate the public to care ab

23、out low-income groupsa campaign to educate teenagers about HIV【辨析】educate:强调教育目的以及培养结果，也涉及人生观和学识方面teach：只强调教给学生知识练习：Some schools,but fail to their students.The government is taking measures to offer the disabled children the chances of(educate)6.figure n.v.(l)n.数字；人物；人影；塑像；身材；图形e.g.employment/sales/

24、trade figuresa four figure numbera leading/key/central/political figureEvery woman wants a slim figure these days,particularly here in Canada.(2)v.计算；认 为;以为e.g.I figured that if I took the night train,I could be in Scotland by morning.My feelings about the matter didnt seem to figure at all.固定搭配：fig

25、ure o u t 弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白figure on sth.预料到某事；计划/打算某事e.g.VR is a new platform and people are still trying to figure out how to utilize it.She was younger than any of us had figured on.练习：1.Tsinghua University is home to a great number of outstanding figures.2.By 2016,this figure had risen to 14 million.3.

26、Last night he saw two dark figures enter the building.7.similarity n.U,C相似之处，相似，类似固定搭配：have similarities to/with.in.与.在某方面有相似之处e.g.The comedy has many similarities to that one in plot.There are some similarities between the two households.【拓展】be similar to be similar inbe the same as be different fr

27、om8.transport n.v.(l)n.U 运输；运送；交通工具；交通运输系统e.g.The transport of goods by freeway is very convenient.Bicycles are a cheap and efficient form/means of transport.(2)v t.运输,运送固定搭配：transp0r tsb./sth.(fi*om).to把某人/某物(从.)运送到.e.g.Fresh produce in this region was transported to the supermarket.【注意】transport作“

28、交通”讲时，指的是交通工具；traffic作“交通”讲时，指的是路上的行人、车辆，着重指数量的多少。所以“交通拥挤、交通中断”中的“交通”都用traffico9.exchange n.vt(l)n.C,U交换；交流；调换；兑换固定搭配：in exchange fo r作为.的交换e.g.Would you like my watercolor in exchange for your landscape?an exchange of ideas/informationtrade and cultural exchanges with China(2)v t.交换；交流；调换；兑换固定搭配：ex

29、change.for.以.换取.Exchange.with sb.和某人交换.e.g.She exchanged the blue boots for red ones.Exchange words/looks with s b.与某人交谈/对视Exchange ideas/information 交流想法/信息句子分析：1.With the development of science and technology,the income of every household is increasing.One the one hand,people have got rid of pover

30、ty and hunger;one the other hand,the gap betweenthe rich and the poor has widened.Some people are living at the bottom of society,which isconnected with the gap between urban and rural areas.The specific figure is difficult to measure,but it could be close to seventy million.Still some people are ho

31、meless,and they are assisted bythe charity.The government is making efforts to help them get out of trouble.2.Humans are making trouble for themselves.A large amount of transport causes freeways to becrowed,a lot of industrial waste makes the inhabitants suffer from pollution,and too muchtourism get

32、s the locations of tourist attractions polluted.Besides,a vast area of sea water is madeharmful to the fish.It is unfortunate that humans are not smart enough to deal with these problems.We wonder what the similarity between humans and animals is.People should be educated toprotect the environment.M

33、odule 3 The Violence of Nature 重难点1.flood v.n.(l)v.(使)淹没e.g.The river burst its banks and flooded the valley.(2)v.大量涌入；(感觉或回忆)涌上心头，涌现e.g.Telephone calls came flooding in from the local inhabitants.Memories of my time in Paris flooded back.(3)n.C,U洪水，水灾；C大量e.g.The heavy rain has caused floods in many

34、 parts of the country.a flood of refugees2.experience vt.n.(1)v t.经历；体验e.g.experience problems/difficultiesChildren need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.(2)n.C经历；体验e.g.an enjoyable/exciting/unusual/unforgettable experiencechildhood experiences(3)n.U经验固定搭配：gain/get exp

35、erience获得经验have experience in 在某方面有经验learn from/by experience 从经验中学到in ones experience据某人的经验看e.g.He gained valuable experience while working on the project.Does she have much experience in governing?【拓展】experienced ad j.有经验的，熟练的be experienced in 在.方面有经验3.cause vt.n.(1)v t.引起；导致二 lead to 三 result in

36、三 bring out固定搭配：cause sb to do s t h.导致某人做某事cause sb.trouble/problem s给某人带来麻烦/问题e.g.His low income caused the whole household to go hungry.The project is still causing him a lot of trouble.(2)n.C 原因；起因；IU理由，缘故固定搭配：cause and e ffe c t因果关系the cause of.的起因e.g.The scientist says the study does no prove

37、cause and effect between drinking coffee andliving longer.Unemployment is a major cause of poverty.There is no cause for concern.【辨析】cause:指某事发生的原因，常与o f 连用。Reason：指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释，常与for连用。Excuse：指为自己的行为所作出的辩护、借口、理由，常与for连用练习：1.Whats your for being late this time?2.Alcohol is the most common of ro

38、ad accident.3.She gave no for her decision.4.bury v t.埋葬；埋藏；掩藏固定搭配：bury one5s face/head in s t h.把脸/头埋在某物里面be buried in=bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于be buried in thought 沉思e.g.He was buried in Taiwan.She buried her face in her hands and began to sob.Since she left,hes buried himself in his work.【拓展】专心于，专注

39、于，专心致志于：be absorbed in,be devoted to,be lost in,focus on,concentrate on,be engaged in5.occur v i.发生；（主意或想法）浮现于脑中，被想到；存在；出现固定搭配：Il occur to sb.that 某人想到.It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人想到做某事Sth.occurs to sb.（主意或想法）被想到Occur in/among.存在于.；出现在.e.g.Floods occur more often than any other natural disaster.It d

40、idnt occur to him that the thunderstorm would cause so much damage.An idea of developing tourism in the mountainous region has occurred to me.6.strike v.n.（l）vt.v i.（灾难或疾病）侵袭，爆发；（钟）敲响；戈 IJ （火柴）e.g.Two days later disaster struck.The clock has just truck twelve.Strike a match（2）v t.打；击；撞击；（想法或主意）突然想到；

41、打动，迷住固定搭配：It strikes sb.that.=It occurs to sb.that 某人突然想到.e.g.She struck him in the face.Jimmy fell and struck his head on the edge of the table.It suddenly truck me that we ought to make a new plan.The tourists were truck by the beauty of mountain ranges.（3）vi.n.罢工固定搭配：be on s trik e 在罢工Go on strik

42、e/come out on strike 举彳亍罢工Strike for s t h.为了某事而罢工e.g.The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%.Half the workforce are on strike now.7.ruin vt.n.（l）v t.毁坏；毁掉；糟蹋；使破产；毁灭e.g.The violent earthquake has ruined the households life.That mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.If she loses

43、 the court case,it will ruin her.(2)n.C(又作runis)废墟；残垣断壁；U毁坏；毁灭固定搭配：be/lie in ru in s 成为废墟；破败不堪；崩溃；垮掉go to ruin/fall into ruin 衰落；败落e.g.The economy was in ruins after the war.The cemetery has fallen into ruin and needs repairing.8.previous a d j.以前的；先前的固定搭配：previous t o 在.之前e.g.No previous experience

44、 is necessary for this job.Previous to leaving for the disaster area,he studied a lot about its geographical feature.【辨析】previous:指的是按时间和次序在某事“之前的”Former:指“从前的”，而不是现在的e.g.He an-ived on the previous night.She is my former landlady.9.possibility n.C,U可能；可能性固定搭配：possibility of(doing)s t h.做某事的可能性There

45、is a/no/little possibility that.有可能/没可能/不大可能.e.g.Is there any possibility of achieving our goal in such a short time?There is a possibility that the volcano might erupt in two weeks.10.warning n.警告warn v,提醒，警告固定搭配：warn sb.of/about sth.提醒某人某事Warn sb.(not)to do sth.提醒某人(不要)做某事Warn sb.against doing s t

46、 h.提醒某人不要做某事Warn sb.that 提醒某人e.g.She has been warned of the danger of lightning in the open.They were warned not to go to the earthquake-stricken area then.He warned us against chasing and playing on the freeway.He warned us that the volcano was erupting.11.active ad j.积极的；活跃的固定搭配:be active i n 在.方面

47、积极Take an active part in 积极参与e.g.Volunteers are active in helping the homeless after the flood.On the one hand,she makes efforts to study;on the other hand,she takes an active part inschool activities.12.damage n.vt.(1)n.IU损害；损坏；损伤固定搭配：do/cause damage t o 对.造成损害e.g.The thunderstorm didnt do much dam

48、age.The terrifying earthquake caused sever damage to a lot of buildings.(2)v t.损害；损坏；损伤e.g.Smoking severely damaged his health.Several buildings were damaged by the earthquake.句子分析1.Nowadays,natural disasters,such as floods,hurricanes,tornadoes,thunderstorms andearthquakes,often occur.They are terri

49、fying and worldwide.The most dangerous of them is thevolcanic eruption.It causes great damage to peoples lives and property.An active volcano canerupt at any time.Its lava and ashes will ruin buildings and even bury villages.Fortunately,thesedisasters can be predicted,and people will receive a warni

50、ng beforehand.2.Some people experienced on previous tornado,which was formed from tropical air near theequator.It looked like a huge rotating column and caused violent waves and sea current.Sadly,itstruck some towns and villages,picked up household things like furniture,fur and feathers.Aviolent tor