高考英语一轮复习（课标版天津适用B版）课件：专题十六　推理判断.ppt

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1、专题十六推理判断高考英语高考英语(天津市专用)A A组自主命题组自主命题天津卷题组天津卷题组Passage1(2018天津夏,B)词数:407WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,“Doyouhavet

2、headdress?”“No,butI llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh,stop.Thereitis!”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.“MayIhelpyou?”amanasked.“No,”Isaid.“We refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren tth

3、atinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneup-stairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosi-五年高考ty.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme.“Wheredoyouthinkyouare?”heasked.Iturnedsharply.“TheMcNayArtMuseum!”Hesmiled,shakinghishead.“Sorry

4、,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.”“What sthisplace?”Iasked,stillconfused.“Well,it sourhome.”Myheartjolted(震颤).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,“Sally!Comedownimmediately!”“There ssomereallygoodstuff(艺术作品)upthere.”Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,“So

5、rry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace.”Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Pi-casso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseu

6、nusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.“Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?”“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.”“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybe

7、fore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeel-ingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I vealwayswantedtothankyou.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?A.Shewasapainter.B.Shewasacommunityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector.D.Shewasajournalist.2.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.B.Shef

8、eltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.D.Shemistookhimforatourguide.3.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.4.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointe

9、resther.B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.5.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebea

10、utyaroundthem.D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.答案答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。30年前,作者和朋友去参观一家博物馆,由于不知道具体地址误入别人的家,主人对她们的到来感到很困惑,而作者对主人的表现也感到很困惑。30年后,作者与房主的女儿偶遇,得知自己曾经的误入使她意识到人们不该对身边的美视而不见。1.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于MarianMcNay我们了解什么?根据第一段中“oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay(曾经是一个名叫MarianMcNay的水彩画画家的家)”可知Maria

11、nMcNay是一名画家,故答案为A项。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者为什么拒绝房子里的男人的帮助?根据第四段中“Tourguidesgotonmynerves.(导游总会使我感到心烦)”可知,作者当时之所以拒绝其帮助是因为她误认为那个男人是导游,故答案为D项。A:她不喜欢爱窥探的人;B:当与陌生人讲话时她会感到紧张;C:她比那个男人对艺术了解得更多。3.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:在被大厅中的人们盯着看时,作者感觉怎么样?根据第四段中作者心里想的话“Whatwastheirproblem?”可知,作者当时感到很困惑(Puzzled),故答案为A项。B:担心的;C:害怕的;D:高兴的。4.

12、D推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么作者只用了一点儿文字描述真正的McNay博物馆?根据倒数第四段中的内容可推知:作者误入别人家这件事使她在参观真正的McNay博物馆时一直感到很紧张,担心再出现什么意外。由此可知在那个房子里发生的事更重要,故答案为D项。A:真正的博物馆没有足够的艺术作品使她感兴趣;B:她感到非常不安而不能在那家真正的博物馆中待很长时间;C:与那个房子相比,McNay博物馆令人失望。5.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:从最后一段我们能得知什么?根据最后一段中的Ineverre-alizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefor

13、e.可知:人们往往会对身边的美视而不见,故答案为C项。难句分析难句分析原句:Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren tthatinterestedin?分析:本句使用了表示省略的常用句型“Whatif.?”。此外youweren tthatinterestedin为省略关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词apainting。译文:如果他们对于一幅你不那么感兴趣的画谈很长时间怎么办呢?重点词汇重点词汇curiosityn.好奇sculpturen.雕塑splendidadj.绝好的词汇积累词汇积累getonone snerves烦扰某人incase

14、以防Passage2(2018天津夏,D)词数:367Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild sdayisfilledwithfas-cination,newnessandwo

15、nder.Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear;wearenumb(麻木的)tonewstimulation(刺激),newideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandre-quiresbreakingsomebadhabits.Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingw

16、hatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkeda-head.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhenth

17、eyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey dfeltcoldwateratfirst.Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a“ruby-crownedkinglet”andcheckeditoff.Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverle

18、arnedwhatitwasdoing.Thepressuresof“time”and“destination”arefurtherblockstoawareness.Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat saroundthem.Iaskedthemwhatthey dseen.“Oh,afewbirds,”theysaid.Th

19、eyseemedbentontheirdestinations.Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife.1.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore.A.anxioustodowondersB.sensi

20、tivetoothers feelingsC.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabitsD.eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem2.WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?A.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions.B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.C.Tofollowtheteacher sadvice.D.Toadmitmistakeshonestly.3.Thebirdwatchers behaviorshowsthatthey.A.areverypatien

21、tintheirobservationB.arereallyfascinatedbynatureC.careonlyaboutthenamesofbirdsD.questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides4.Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundingsduringthejourney?A.Thenaturalbeautyisn tattractivetothem.B.Theyfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.C.Theforestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.D.Theya

22、rekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.5.Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould.A.filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworldB.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylifeC.openourmindtonewthingsandideasD.tryourbesttoprotectnature答案答案语篇解读研究发现,与孩子相比,成人对周围事物的感知能力更差。如何才能唤醒这种感知能力呢?文章举例说明并对此给出了答案。1.D推理判断题。根据第二段中

23、孩子和成年人的对比可知,大部分人在孩提时代更善于观察,每天都充满魅力、新奇与惊奇,好奇心使我们每个人都具有一种天生的感知能力。但是那些对小时候的我们来说很明显的差别变得模糊了,我们对新刺激、新观点变得麻木了。由此可推断,与成年人相比,在好奇心的驱使下,孩子更渴望去探索周围的世界。2.A推理判断题。本段开头指出,要唤醒关注周围环境的意识首先不要预测自己会看到什么、会感受到什么,这会妨碍我们的感知能力。而且作者用实际的例子证明了这个观点,故推断出A项符合作者的观点,意为“要避免贸然下结论”。3.C细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,野鸟观察者只关心鸟的名字,不再关注鸟本身和鸟的行为。由此可见C项正确,

24、意为“只关心鸟的名字”。4.B细节理解题。倒数第二段开头提到,“时间”和“目的地”的压力进一步阻止人们去关注周围的环境。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,远足者们一心想要到达目的地,故B项符合文章内容,意为“他们专注于及时赶到营地”。5.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,下次你散步时,无论在什么地方,都应该欣赏各种景色,倾听各种声音,接受各种感觉,带着这种心境漫步,你会为生活开辟新领域。由此可知A项符合文章内容,作者建议我们充实感官来感受世界的奇迹。难句分析难句分析原句:Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althou

25、ghittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.分析:although引导让步状语从句;在主句中动名词短语Relearningtheartof.作主语。从句中主语为it,and连接的两个谓语动词为takes和requires。译文:重新学习观察周围世界的技能十分简单,虽然那需要实践并摒除一些坏习惯。重点词汇重点词汇awarenessn.感悟能力sharpadj.敏锐的fascinationn.魅力;入迷distinctionn.区别;差别frameofmind心境;心情;情绪;思想状态dimensionn.维度;方面Passage3(2018

26、天津春,B)词数:385Withasatisfiedsmile,KeishafinishedthelastsentenceofherEnglishessayaboutoneofherheroes,RosaParks,animportantfigureintheCivilRightsMovement.“Keisha,”hermothershoutedfromdownstairs.“It salmost4:15.”“Dontworry.Iwontbelate.”Keishapulleddownastorybookfromherbookshelf,assheal-waysreadtothenursi

27、nghomesresidents.Andonanimpulse(一时心血来潮),sheaddedherEnglishnotebookaswell.AsKeishacamerunninginthedoor,themanagertoldher,“Wehaveanewresidentthisweek,Mrs.RubyWatson.She sstilladjustingtohernewsurroundings.You llfindherinRoom28.Andbytheway,Keisha,goodluck.”Keishawalkeddownthehallwayataquickpace.Assheen

28、teredRoom28,shemettwosharpbrowneyesstaringatherdoubtfully.“ImKeishaJackson,avolunteer,”Keishaexplained.“Icomeheretohelppassthetimewithresidents,orreadtothem,or,.”Keishastartedstammering(结巴)asMrs.Watsoncontinuedtostareather.“Ididntrequestanyonetokeepmecompany,”Mrs.Watsoninterrupted.“I malonemostofthe

29、time,andthat showIpreferit.”“Ibroughtalongsomefunnystories,”Keishasaidhesitantly.“I mnotinthemoodforfunnystories,”Mrs.Watsonrepliedangrily.“Whatelsedoyouhave?”Nervously,Keishaopenedhernotebooktoheressay.Shereadthetitlealoud,“RosaParks:AWomanofCourageandConviction(信念).”SheglancedatMrs.Watsontoseehows

30、hemightreact,buttohersurprise,Mrs.Watson sfacerelaxedandhereyesshone.“ReadtomeaboutRosa,”Mrs.Watsonsaid.KeishareadhowRosaParks refusaltogiveupherseattoawhitepassengeronabusin1955in-spiredtheprotestthatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrights.“IwalkedwithRosaParksandDr.MartinLutherKing,”Mrs.Wat

31、sonsaidwithpride.“Thatwasthegreatestmomentofmylifebecause.”Shepaused.“Because.youwereawomanofcourageandconvictiontoo.”Sittingupstraighter,Mrs.Watsonsaid,“Yes,IwasandIstillam.Thankyouforremindingme,Keisha.NextThursday,Iwilltellyoumystory.”1.WhydidKeishatakeherEnglishnotebookalong?A.Hermotheraskedhert

32、otakeit.B.Shewouldhanditinonherway.C.Shemightreadheressaytosomeone.D.Themanagerwantedtoreadheressay.2.WhydidthemanagerwishKeishagoodluckbeforeshevisitedMrs.Watson?A.Mrs.Watsoncouldbedifficult.B.Mrs.Watsonwasinpoorhealth.C.Keishawasfeelingnervous.D.Keishawasashyperson.3.Mrs.Watson seyes(Para.10)sugge

33、stedthatshewas.A.amusedB.puzzledC.annoyedD.interested4.WhateffectdidKeisha sessayhaveonMrs.Watson?A.Itarousedhercuriosityinvolunteerwork.B.Itbuiltupherexpectationformorevisitors.C.Itawokeherprideinherstruggleforcivilrights.D.ItchangedherattitudetotheCivilRightsMovement.5.Readersmayfindthisstoryinspi

34、ringbecause.A.agirlenjoyslearningaboutherheroesB.agirlhelpssomeonefeelappreciatedC.awomanovercomeshardshipbyherselfD.awomangathersthecourageforlife答案答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。讲述了一个女孩通过读自己的论文让一个刚进入养老院的老太太对自己的过往经历充满了自豪感的故事。1.C细节理解题。由第一段可知,她对自己写的论文很满意。由第三段中的Keishapulleddownastorybookfromherbookshelf,asshealwaysread

35、tothenursinghome sresidents.Andonanimpulse,sheaddedherEnglishnotebookaswell.可知,她有和别人分享自己写的论文的冲动,故选C。2.A推理判断题。由下文起初老太太对待女孩的态度及女孩与那位老太太的对话中老太太说话的语气可推知答案。3.D推理判断题。由第十段中的buttohersurprise,Mrs.Watson sfacerelaxedandhereyesshone.“ReadtomeaboutRosa,”Mrs.Watsonsaid.可推知答案。4.C推理判断题。根据文中倒数第三段中的Mrs.Watsonsaidwit

36、hpride.“Thatwasthegreatestmomentofmylifebecause.”可知,她想起了之前为民权斗争的经历而产生了自豪感,故答案为C。5.B主旨大意题。文章主要讲了女孩让老太太对自己的过往经历充满了自豪感。词汇提示词汇提示1.adjustto适应2.hesitantlyadv.迟疑地长难句长难句KeishareadhowRosaParks refusaltogiveupherseattoawhitepassengeronabusin1955inspiredtheprotestthatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrig

37、hts.凯莎阅读了1955年罗莎帕克斯拒绝在公交车上把她的座位让给一个白人乘客这件事是怎样激起了后来成了争取公民权利的斗争的转折点的抗议活动的。本句为主从复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构Keishareadhow.;how之后的部分一直到结尾都是read的宾语从句;宾语从句中的主干是RosaParks refusalinspiredtheprotest;togiveup.作后置定语修饰refusal;thatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrights为定语从句,修饰theprotest。Passage4(2018天津春,D)词数:383Mostpe

38、oplearen tgoodatcreativeproblem-solvingfortworeasons:(1)Theyarenottrainedinhowtobecreative.(2)Theydon tunderstandgroupstrengthwellenoughtoharness(驾驭)theirpowertomaximizegroupcreativity.Akeyelementofcreativityisapplyingexistingknowledgetoanewproblem.Themorepeoplegettinginvolvedinsolvingit,themoreknow

39、ledgethereistoworkonit.Unfortunately,researchshowsthatthetraditionalbrainstormingmethodsfailtoachievethatgoal.Whengroupsgettogeth-ertoexchangeideas,theyactuallycomeupwithfewerideasoverallthaniftheyeachhadworkedalone.Tofixthisproblem,youshouldconsiderthetwostagesofgroupproblem-solving:divergence(分散)a

40、ndconvergence(集中).Divergencehappenswhenthegroupconsidersasmanydifferentpo-tentialsolutionsaspossible.Convergencehappenswhenthevariousproposedsolutionsareevalu-atedandreducedtoasmallersetofcandidatesolutionstothecurrentproblem.Theessentialprincipleofgroupcreativityisthatindividualsworkingalonediverge

41、,whereasgroupmembersworkingtogetherconverge.Ingroups,onceamemberstatesapotentialsolution,thatmakesothersthinkabouttheproblemsimilarly.Thatiswhygroupsworkingtogetherdivergelessthanindividualsworkingalone.Therefore,beawareofwhentodivergeandwhentoconverge.Forexample,earlyintheproblem-solvingprocess,hav

42、egroupmembersworkalonetowritedownstatementsdescribingtheproblem.Thengetthembacktodiscusstheirdescriptions.Thegroupdiscussionwillleadeveryonetoac-ceptoneorasmallnumberofthesestatementstoworkonthisishealthyconvergence.Whenstartingtogeneratesolutions,youagainwantdivergence.Havepeopleworkalonetostart.Th

43、encollectpeople sinitialideasandsendthemaroundtoothersandallowthedivergencetocon-tinueaseveryoneindividuallybuildsontheideasofothermembers.Finally,letthegroupdiscusstheresultingideas.Thisdiscussionwillgraduallyleadthegrouptoconvergeonasmallnumberofcandidatesolutions.Thissimplemethodworkseffectively,

44、becauseitrespectswhatindividualsandgroupsdobest.1.Researchshowsthatthetraditionalbrainstormingmethods.A.actuallylimitgroupcreativityB.greatlyencouragegroupcreativityC.enablepeopletoformmoreideastogetherD.preventpeople sinvolvementintheproblems2.AccordingtoPara.4,whenamemberpresentsanidea,otherstendt

45、o.A.thinktheotherwayroundB.followhiswayofthinkingC.bemoreconfidentintheirownideasD.belesswillingtosharetheirownideas3.Whatshouldgroupmembersfirstdoearlyintheproblem-solvingprocess?A.Discusstheproblem.B.Simplifytheproblem.C.Putdowngroupstatementstogether.D.Writedowntheirindividualdescriptions.4.Howca

46、neachgroupmembermakechangestohisinitialsolution?A.Byaddingincollectedevidence.B.Byreorganizinghisownwords.C.Bydrawingonothers ideas.D.Bymakinghisstatementbriefer.5.Whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toadvocateawaytomakegroupthinkingmoreeffective.B.Todemonstratethedifficultyinorganizinggro

47、upthinking.C.Tohighlightthedifferencesbetweendivergenceandconvergence.D.Toshowtheadvantageofgroupthinkingoverindividualthinking.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。文章就小组头脑风暴中如何更有效、更富有创造性地解决问题给出了一种虽然简单但行之有效的方法。1.A细节理解题。由第二段中的Unfortunately,researchshowsthatthetraditionalbrainstorm-ingmethodsfailtoachievethatgoal.Whengroup

48、sgettogethertoexchangeideas,theyactuallycomeupwithfewerideasoverallthaniftheyeachhadworkedalone.可知选A项。2.B细节理解题。由第四段第二句Ingroups,onceamemberstatesapotentialsolution,thatmakesothersthinkabouttheproblemsimilarly.可知选B项。3.D细节理解题。由第五段第二句Forexample,earlyintheproblem-solvingprocess,havegroupmembersworkalonet

49、owritedownstatementsdescribingtheproblem.可知选D项。4.C推理判断题。由第六段结尾处的everyoneindividuallybuildsontheideasofothermem-bers可知选C。drawon(为某种目的)动用(信息、经验、知识等)。5.A推理判断题。由尾段Thissimplemethodworkseffectively,becauseitrespectswhatindi-vidualsandgroupsdobest.可推知答案为A。本文提供了一种使小组思考更有效的方法。词汇提示词汇提示1.maximizev.使最大化,使增加到最大限

50、度eupwith提出,想出3.evaluatev.评价,评估长难句长难句Thissimplemethodworkseffectively,becauseitrespectswhatindividualsandgroupsdobest.这种简单的方法行之有效,因为它尊重个人和群体的最佳表现。because引导原因状语从句;what引导宾语从句。Passage5(2017天津夏,B)词数:359Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewof