高考英语人教版一轮复习课件:语法专题复习 专题2 .ppt
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1、语法专题复习第二部分专题二名词与比较等级一、名词二、形容词和副词 1(2017 全国,62)This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side _(effect)such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析:考查名词复数。根据前面的some 和后面的su
2、ch as overweight and heart disease 可知,此处要用复数形式。side effect(药物或医疗的)副作用。ef fects 真题试做 一、名词 2(2017 全国,61)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.解析:考查名词复数。根据前面的terrible 可知,此处crowd 为名词,表示“一群群的人”,故要用复数形式。【误解
3、分析】有些同学可能会误填crowding。误以为此处是avoid doing sth.结构。其实前面的形容词terrible 是解答此题的关键。crowds 3(2017 全国,67)She has turned down several _(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析:考查名词复数。根据前面的several 可知,此处要用复数形式。4(2017 浙江,56)Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahls
4、son pulled out a handful of small _(carrot)and was about to throw them away.解析:考查名词复数。a handful of“一把,几个”,后接可数名词的复数形式,故填carrots。invitations carrots 5(2016 全国)The nursery team switches him every few _(day)with his sister.解析:句意:护理组每隔几天交换看护他和他妹妹。day是可数名词,few 修饰可数名词复数形式,故该空用复数形式。6(2016 全国)Recent _(study
5、)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.解析:句意:最近的一些研究显示,如果我们定时进行短暂休息的话,我们的工作效率会高很多。study 作“研究”讲时,为可数名词,根据复数谓语动词show 可知主语应用复数形式,故填studies。days studies 7(2015 全国)The limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chine
6、se _(painting)解析:句意:漓江的青山绿水是被许多艺术家在许多国画中描绘过的。painting 是可数名词,many 修饰可数名词复数形式,故该空填名词复数形式。8(2014 全国)For most of us the _(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.解析:句意:对我们大多数人来说,这种变化是逐渐的,而且需要很多努力和工作。所填词作主语,其前是定冠词,所以应用名词;根据谓语are 可知应用复数形式。paintings changes 1(2017 全国)Besides,they often get
7、some useful informations from the Internet._ 解析:考查名词。information 是一个不可数名词,没有复数形式。2(2017 全国)The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up!”“Slow down!”“Turn left!”_ 解析:考查名词。根据后面的几个短语speed up,slow down 和turn left 等等,是复数意义。informationsinformation wordwords 3(2016 全国)If we go on a trip abroad,we can
8、broaden our view and gain knowledges we can not get from books._ 解析:knowledge(知识)为不可数名词,无复数形式。4(2016 全国)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me._ 解析:由from 13 to 19 和谓语动词were 可知主语用复数形式,故year 改为years。knowledgesknowledge yearyears 5(2015 全国)The airs we breathe in is getting d
9、irtier and dirtier._ 解析:air 作“空气”讲时,是不可数名词。airsair 1 单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则(1)以o 结尾的名词变为复数时,常在词尾加s,但中学英语中下列名词要加es,即negroes,heroes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoes。但下列以o 结尾的名词既可以加es,也可以加s,它们是:zeros(zeroes)零,mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子,volcanos(volcanoes)火山。考点名词的数 核心突破(2)以f 或fe 结尾的名词变为复数时,一般直接加s,但下列以f 或fe 结尾的名词需要把f 或fe
10、去掉,加ves,即self(selves),life(lives),thief(thieves),wife(wives),knife(knives),leaf(leaves),shelf(shelves),wolf(wolves),half(halves)。但下列以f 结尾的名词既可以去掉f 加ves,也可以直接加s,如handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕,scarfs(scarves)围巾。(3)合成名词变成复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数,如果没有主体名词,则将最后一部分变为复数。例如:sons in law女婿;passers by 过路人;story
11、 tellers讲故事的人;grown ups 成年人;housewives家庭主妇。2 名词复数的不规则变化 childchildren,footfeet,toothteeth,mousemice,manmen,womanwomen 提示 由一个词加man 或woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是men 和women,如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German 不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans。3 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如;people,police,cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a catt
12、le,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle。4 有些名词单复数同形,如fish,deer,sheep,youth,Chinese,Japanese,means,species,series 等。5 有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations 祝贺,regards 问候,respects 敬意,thanks 谢谢,wishes 祝愿等。6 一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with 与交朋友,shake hands with.与握手,take measures 采取措施,make pr
13、eparations for 为作准备,in high spirits 兴高采烈地。7 常考的不可数名词(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage 行李,cash 现金,meat 肉,paper 纸张等。(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work 工作,knowledge 知识,luck 运气,scenery 风景,traffic 交通等。(3)永远不可数的重点名词:advice 建议,equipment 设备,fun 乐趣,furniture 家具,progress 进步,news/word 消息等。单句填空/单句改错。1 Later,he was charged with lea
14、ving twenty _(child)alone while the motor is running.解析:句意:后来,他被控告他把20 个孩子留在没有熄火的车上。根据设空前的twenty 可知该空用名词复数形式。2 Green is helpful to eyes.It also gives us strong bones and _(tooth)解析:句意:绿色食物对眼睛有好处,还能强健骨骼和牙齿。根据设空前的复数名词bones 可知该空用名词复数形式。children teeth 3 When I was a very young children,my father created
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