高三英语一轮复习基础知识（人教版选修7）Unit 2 Robotsl.ppt

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1、单词名词与书有关：fiction,pile,biography,framework,chapter家居用品：apron,cushion,bedding,armchair指人：clerk,receiver,staff,navy其它：desire,sympathy,mailbox,haircut,talent,fingernail,affection,thinking,satisfaction,favour,affair,necklace,counter,biochemistry,assessment,cuisine,divorce,bonus单词动词alarm,accompany,declare

2、,envy,obey,disobey,scan形容词alarmed,absurd,awful,elegant,overweight,junior,digital,grand,bound,holy,part-time,theoretical副词aside短语词汇表testout,ringup,turnaround,leave.alone,setaside,inall,beboundto课文中experimentwith,reachfor,afterall,falloff,pushaway,closeto,cryout,beimpressedby,driveup,takeaway,fallinlo

3、vewith,helpout,take.seriously语法复习被动语态(一)1._n.天才;特殊能力;才干2._vt.细看;仔细检查;粗略地看;浏览;扫描3._n.超重的;体重超常的4._n.渴望;欲望;渴求 vt.希望得到;想要5._adj.优雅的;高雅的;讲究的6._n.额外津贴;奖金;红利talentscanoverweightdesireelegantbonus(一)基本单词7._adj.较年幼的;资历较浅的;地位较低的 n.年少者;晚辈;等级较低者8._adj.兼职的9._vt.陪伴,伴奏10._adj.极坏的;极讨厌的;可怕的;(口语)糟透的11._n.事务;事情;暧昧关系12

4、._n.围裙juniorpart-timeaccompanyawfulaffairapron13._vt.宣布;声明;表明;宣称14._vt.忌妒;羡慕15._adj.理论(上)的;假设的16._n.全体员工;手杖17._n.(由他人撰写的)传纪;传记文学18._n.思想;思考19._n.(书中的)章;篇;回20._n.离婚;断绝关系vt.与离婚;与脱离declareenvytheoreticalstaffbiographythinkingchapterdivorce21._n.喜爱;爱;感情22._n.小说;虚构或想象出来的事23._n.喜爱;恩惠vt.喜爱;偏袒24._n.堆;摞;叠vi.

5、堆起;堆积vt.把堆起;积聚25._adj.荒谬的;可笑的26._n.(坐、跪时用的)软垫;靠垫;垫子affectionfictionfavourpileabsurdcushion27._n.烹饪(风味);菜肴28._adj.数字的;数码的;手指的;脚趾的29._adv.在一边;向一边30._adj.大的;豪华的;雄伟的31._adj.一定的;密切相关的32._adj.神的;上帝的;圣洁的33._n.生物化学34._n.评价;评定cuisinedigitalasidegrandboundholybiochemistryassessment35._vt.使警觉;使惊恐;惊动n.警报;惊恐_adj

6、.担心的;害怕的36._vt.&vi.服从;顺从_vt.&vi.不服从;违抗37._n.满意;满足;令人满意的事物_adj.感到满意的_adj.令人满意的_adj.令人满意的;够好_v.使满足;使满意alarmalarmedobeydisobeysatisfactionsatisfysatisfiedsatisfyingsatisfactory(二)派生单词38._n.同情(心);支持;赞同_adj.同情的;出于同情的_v.同情;赞同;支持sympathysympatheticsympathize1._考验出;检验完2._给打电话3._转身;翻转4._不管;别惹;让一个人待着;和单独在一起5.

7、_将放在一边;为节省或保留(钱或时间)6._一共;总计7._一定做testoutringupturnaroundleavealonesetasideinallbeboundto(三)短语Shecriedout“Tony”andthenheardhimdeclarethathedidntwanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.结构分析:句中criedout 和heard是主句中的并列谓语。that.andthat.是两个并列的从句,作declare 的宾语。(四)句式1.desiren.渴望;欲望

8、;渴求 vt.希望得到;想要Doyouthinkitispossibleforarobottohaveitsownneedsanddesires?（课文原句）你认为一个机器人可能会有它自己的需要和渴望吗？【归纳】desire 作名词,后常接介词短语、动词不定式或that 从句(谓语常用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略)。desire 作动词,后常接名词、代词、动词不定式、复合结构或that 从句(谓语常用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略)。【运用】用适当的介词填空，(1)Theyseemtohavelosttheirdesire_life.(2)Ihadas

9、trongdesire_helpandcareforpeople.(3)Tomdesired_returntohishomeland.fortoto2.favour/favorn.喜爱;恩惠vt.喜爱;偏袒AsafavorTonypromisedtohelpClairemakeherselfsmarterandherhomemoreelegant.（课文原句）托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得漂亮，使她的家变得高雅大方。【归纳】infavorof=insupportof赞成;支持dosb.afavor给某人以恩惠;帮某人一个忙asksb.afavour=askafavourofsb.请某

10、人帮忙insb.sfavour对某人有利favorAoverB=preferAtoB喜欢A 胜过B【拓展】favorableadj.赞成的,同意的,令人高兴的,肯定的倾向于支持(某人/物)的,有帮助的,合适的【运用】1)请你帮我拿一下行李好吗？Couldyouplease_totakethebaggage?2)就我个人来说,我赞成前面一种看法。Personally,Iam_theformerview.3)中国的父母们历来重男轻女。Chineseparentstraditionally_.4)我想请你帮个忙。Iwanttoaskafavour_you.domeafavorinfavorofove

11、rgirlsoffavorboys3.accompanyvt.陪伴;伴奏Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,hewroteoutalistofitemsforher.（课文原句）因为不允许托尼陪克莱尔去商店，所以托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。【归纳】accompanysb.(at/onsth.)(尤指用钢琴)为伴凑【运用】她头一次出门,我想送她一程。Itisherfirsttimetogoonalongjourney;_ashortdistance.这位歌手由她的姐姐为她钢琴伴奏。Thesingerwas_thepianobyhersister.I

12、dliketoaccompanyheraccompaniedon4.declarevt.宣布;声明;表明;宣称Shecriedout“Tony”andthenheardhimdeclarethathedidntwanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.（课文原句）她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。【归纳】declarethat公布;宣告;表明;宣称declareagainstsb./sth.声明反对;表示不赞成declareforsb./

13、sth.声明支持;表示赞成【运用】他声称自己是无罪的(innocent)。Hedeclared_.人民声明反对这场战争。Thepeopledeclare_.Honoredguests,nowI_(我宣布会议开始).thathewasinnocentconferenceopenagainstthewardeclarethe5.junioradj.较年幼的;资历较浅的;地位较低的n.年少者;晚辈;等级较低者In1942hejoinedthestaffofthePhiladelphiaNavyYardasajuniorchemistandworkedthereforthreeyears.（课文原句）

14、1942年，他在费城海军造船厂里担任初级化学师，干了三年。【归纳】bejuniortosb.比某人年少,职位较低beyearssb.sjunior/besb.sjunior(by)小某人岁;比某人小岁6.talentn.天才;特殊能力;才干ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalentforwritingbecameobvious.（课文原句）早在阿西莫夫11 岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。【归纳】haveatalent/giftfor.有才能/天赋【拓展】talentedadj.有才能的;天才的talentedplayers/artist

15、s/youngsters天才运动员/艺术家/神童【运用】根据汉语意思,完成英语句子。王老师是一个才华横溢的人。Mr.Wangisaman_.那个女孩有音乐天赋。Thegirl_music.hasatalentforofmanytalents7.divorcen.离婚;断绝关系vt.与离婚;与脱离Soonafterhisdivorcein1973,Asimovmarriedagainbuthehadnochildrenwithhissecondwife.（课文原句）1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫夫又结婚了。但是他与第二任妻子没有生育儿女。【注】正如表示“和某人结婚”,不用marrywithsb.一

16、样,表示“与某人离婚”,也不说divorcewithsb.。因为marry 和divorce 本身作及物动词,本身就含“和结婚/离婚”之意。【运用】根据汉语意思,完成英语句子。两年前她同丈夫离婚了。She_herhusbandtwoyearsago.他们认为艺术应该与政治分开。Theybelievedthatartshouldbe_politics.divorced/gotadivorcefromdivorcedfrom8.obeyvi.&vt.服从;顺从Arobotmustobeytheordersgiventoitbyhumanbeings.（课文原句）机器人必须服从由人类给予的指令。【拓

17、展】disobeyv.不服从,不顺从【运用】根据汉语意思,完成英语句子。任何学生都必须遵守校规。Anystudentshould_.他别无选择,只有服从。Hehadnochoice_.buttoobeyobeytheschoolrules1.testout 考验出;检验完ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife,Claire.（课文原句）这项实验将有拉里的夫人克莱尔来尝试。【拓展】workout设计出;计算出takeout拿出;取出wearout穿破;耗尽;使厌烦comeout出来;显露setout动身;开始【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子。昨晚我叫他过来测试我的

18、新电脑。Iaskedhimto_.科学家靠实验检验理论。Scientists_byexperiment.testoutmynewcomputertestouttheorieslastnight2.turnaround 转身;回转;使(业务)好转Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.（课文原句）她刚一转过去，就看到格拉迪斯 克拉芬站在那儿。【归纳】turnin归还;上交;去睡觉turnup调大(声音,热度)turndown调低(声音,热度);拒绝turnon开(电灯,电视);启动(汽车)turnoff关(自来水,电灯)turnout结果是;成为tu

19、rnto求助于;翻到(书中某页)【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子。我转过身去发现父亲站在那儿。I_andsawmyfatherstandingthere.在近三年里她已使公司的业务好转起来。Inthelast3yearsshe_thecompany_.aroundturnedaroundhasturnedTomhadto_theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.(2015，天津)A.turninB.turndownC.turnoverD.turnto【解析】上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A.turnin 上交；

20、B.turndown拒绝；C.turnover 移交；D.turnto 求助。3.leave.alone 不管;别惹;让一个人待着;和单独在一起Sheshouted“Leavemealone”andrantoherbed.（课文原句）她高声嚷着：“让我自己呆一会！”就跑上床。【归纳】leaveaside搁置leavebehind留下(不带走),遗忘(没拿)leavefor.动身到,出发去leaveoff停止leaveout漏掉,遗漏【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。1._,oryoullbebittenbyit.别惹那只狗,不然你会被它咬伤。2._.我不想一个人待着。3.Shealwaystrie

21、dtoavoidbeing_withMissAnderson.她总是试图避免与安德森小姐独处。LeavethatdogaloneIdontwanttobeleftaloneleftalone4.setaside 把放在一边;留出,拨出(金钱或时间)Hefelthappywhenhisbossstatedthathecouldsetasidesometimeforexercise.（课文原句）当他的老板宣布他可以给训练留出时间时，他很高兴。【归纳】setabout(doing)sth.开始,着手setdown记下,写下setoff开始,动身;(使)爆炸setout(todo)出发,开始setup

22、建立;竖立,升起【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子。那辆旧车已被搁置一旁不再使用了。Theoldcar_andisoutofuse.争取每天至少抽出一个小时来学习新词汇。Tryto_eachdayforlearningnewvocabulary.hasbeensetasidesetasideatleastanhour5.beboundto有的义务,一定Whosaidthatmakingarobotsomuchlikeamanwasboundtocausetrouble?（课文原句）谁说制作出一个和人类很相像的机器人就一定会引起麻烦？【运用】根据据汉语意思完成英语句子。大家应当遵守法律。All_.

23、Youvedonesomuchwork_(你一定能及格).areboundtoobeythelawsyoureboundtopasstheexamI.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Sheobtainedgreat_(satisfy)fromhelpingotherpeople.2.A(n)_(receive)wasappointedbythecourttohandlethecompanysaffairs.receiversatisfaction3.Ifyoucontinueto_(obey)therules,youwillbepunished.4.Thetestsaresupposedtop

24、rovideabasisforthe_(assess)ofchildren.assessmentdisobeyII.用适当的介词或副词填空。1.TheFerrariteamwantedtotesttheirnewcar_ontheracetrack.2.Theteacherhasabsolutelynosympathy_studentswhogetcaughtcheatinginexams.3.Whydontyouring_Simonandaskhimtotheparty?upoutfor4.Thecompanyturned_fromlossesof1.4millionlastyeartopr

25、ofitsof26,800.5.Trytoset_sometimeeachdayforexercise.6.Theauthorhasagreataffection_hishometown.7.Mozartstalent_musicshowedatanearlyage.foraroundasidefor语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态（一）常用的几种时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式：一般现在时be(am/is/are)+过去分词一般过去时be的过去式(wa

26、s/were)+过去分词一般将来时will+be+过去分词过去将来时would+be+过去分词现在进行时be(am/is/are)+being+过去分词过去进行时be的过去式(was/were)+being+过去分词现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词过去完成时had+been+过去分词含有情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词动词不定式的被动语态：1.当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式有两种：一般式的被动式：tobedone；完成式的被动式：tohavebeendone。2.动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足

27、语及主语补足语。e.g.1.Itsanhonortobeinvitedtotheceremony.2.Thisbookistobepublishednextyear.3.Jenniferbeggedtobeforgiven.4.Theairporttobecompletednextmonthwillhelppromotetourisminthiscity.5.Davidwassenttheretobetrainedforthespaceflight.6.Thewomandoesntwanthersontobetakenaway.7.Thebookwassaidtohavebeenpublish

28、edbeforehepassedaway.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。I,whohaveaphysicaldisability,havesomethingtosay.Idislike1._(call)disabled.Ihavelearnedtolivewithmybodyandhaveadjustedmywayoflife.Iknowpeoplearetryingtohelpme,butIhopeIcan2._(treat)asanormalperson.Iwouldlike3._(accept)forwhoIam.WhileImaynotbeabletowalk,alotoftobeacc

29、eptedbeingcalledbetreatedgreatthingsremain4._(do)inmylife.Mydreamis5._(admit)toatopuniversity.Ilovereadingaboutyoungdisabledpeoplewhohaveovercomegreatdifficulties.Oneofthemostencouragingarticles6._(write)byablindgirl.Shewassaid7._(give)anawardforyoungscientists.Thecircumstancesofmylifeputmeinawheelc

30、hair,butIbelievemypotentialwill8._(develop)andleadtosuccess.bedevelopedtobedonetobeadmittedwaswrittentohavebeengiven选择填空。1.-Didyouenjoytheparty?-Yes,we_byourhosts.(2015，北京)A.weretreatedB.wouldbetreated.C.treatedD.hadtreated【解析】你喜欢这个聚会吗？是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据did 可知用一般过去时；we 和treated 是动宾关系，用被动语态。结合上下文语境，

31、找出相关提示词来判断时态；分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。2.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement_sofarbythetwosides.(2015,天津)A.hasbeenreachedB.wasreachedC.willreachD.willhavereached【解析】尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语sofar“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement 与reach 为被动关系。3.Tomydelight,Ifromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheop

32、eningceremony.(2015,福建)A.waschosenB.wasbeingchosenC.wouldchooseD.hadchosen【解析】让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式。完成句子。1.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts_(reward)withsuccessintheend.(2016,北京)【解析】学生们一直都很努力学习功课，最终回报他们努力的将是成功。一般将来时，theireffor

33、ts 与reward 构成被动。willberewarded2.Moreefforts,asreported,_(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.(2016,江苏)【解析】据报道，为了加速供给侧结构改革，在今后几年将做出更大的努力。intheyearsahead可知动作发生在将来，moreefforts 与make 为被动关系。willbemade3.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement_(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(2015,

34、天津)【解析】尽管之前进行了多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有取得一致意见。sofar 可知应用现在完成时，agreement 与谓语动词为被动关系。hasbeenreached4.Tomydelight,I_(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.(2015,福建)【解析】使我高兴的是，在数以百计的申请者中，我被选出来参加开幕式。I 与choose 为被动，本题介绍的是过去的一种情况用一般过去时的被动语态。waschosen5.Shakespearesplay Hamlet_(make)intoatleasttendi

35、fferentfilmsoverthepastyears.(2013,北京)【解析】在过去的数年里，莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特被制作成了至少十部不同的电影。overthepastyears 为现在完成时，play 与make 构成被动关系。hasbeenmade【写作任务】假设你是某国际中学的学生，学校正在举办家用机器人(householdrobot)设计大赛活动，请你展开合理想象，用英语写一篇文章，介绍你理想中未来的家用机器人，并发表到你校英语论坛上。注意：词数120左右。【写作指导】这是一篇想象类作文。想象类作文是一种创造性的写作，是开放式作文的一种。此类写作要注意以下几点：一、想象既要新颖，

36、有创造性，又要合情合理，符合生活的客观现实；二、写作目的要明确，段落叙述始终围绕主题展开；三、合理使用连接词，使文章衔接连贯。针对这篇习作的主题，可以把全文分为三段：第一段：开门见山，提出想象的话题未来的家用机器人；第二段：描写未来家用机器人的特征及功能；第三段：进行简要总结。【常用表达】Whatwill.belike?HereiswhatIthinkabout.Itisdifferentfrom.Itislike.Itssize/shapeis.Ithassomeuniquecharacteristics/practicalfunctions.Ithinkitwillbehelpful/be

37、neficial.Itwillmakepeopleslife.【参考范文】Whatwillthehouseholdrobotinthefuturebelike?HereiswhatIthinkaboutit.Itwillbenolongerlikeacoldmachinebutlikeahumanbeingwithwarmskinandchangeableexpressions.Itsshapewillbeflexible.Ithaslotsofpracticalfunctions.Forinstance,itcanassisttheownerindoinghousework,suchascl

38、eaningtheroom,washingclothesorplatesandcookingdinners.Itcanalsoworkasatutororplaywithchildren.Whatsmore,itcansensetheownersfeelings.Whentheownerisupset,itcangivehimcomfortandadvice.Whentheownerislonely,itcankeephimcompany.Inaword,thefuturehouseholdrobotwillmakepeopleslifeeasier,happierandmorecolorfu

39、l.I.根据句意及所给提示，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。1.Thetestsaresupposedtoprovideabasisforthe_(评价)ofchildren.2.Thereisastrongd_forpeaceamongthepeople.3.Sheobtainedgreat_(满足)fromhelpingotherpeople.4.Thanksverymuch.Illreturnthe_(恩惠)oneday.assessmentdesiresatisfactionfavor5.Snowhasp_upagainstthewallsofthehouse.6.Paulaspar

40、ents_(离婚)whenshewasonlyachild.7.Imonlyafewkiloso_,butIjustcantseemtolosethem.8.Thepresidenthassentamessageofs_totherelativesofthedeadsoldiers.pileddivorcedoverweightsympathyII.用适当的介词或副词填空。1.Mozartstalent_musicshowedatanearlyage.2.Theteacherhasabsolutelynosympathy_studentswhogetcaughtcheatinginexams.

41、3.Irangthedoctor_andmadeanappointment.forforup4.Thecompanyturned_fromlossesof1.4millionlastyeartoprofitsof26,800.5.Trytoset_sometimeeachdayforexercise.6.AlisonandIhadbeenatschooltogether,andIfeltgreataffection_her.7._all,thereareover120languagesspokeninthecitysschools.aroundasideforInIII.用括号内动词的正确形式

42、填空。Lastsummerourhousewaspaintedbyme.Thejobtookabouttwoweeks.First,theexterior(外部)1._(wash).Thenallthecracksinthewalls2._(seal)withputty(腻子).Aftertheputtyhadhadachancetodry,theexteriorcould3._(paint).Iusedakindofpaintthatiseasytoapplyandcleanupwithwater.waswashedweresealedbepaintedAwholeweek4._(need)

43、tofinishthispartofthejob.IwasverycarefultoapplythepaintevenlybecauseIdidnotwanttohavetoapplytwocoats.Acolor5._(use)thatwasveryclosetotheoriginalcolor.Ourhouseisatwo-storyhouse,whichmeantthatatallladderwasneededtodothesecondstory.wasneededwasusedThepaintcanhadto6._(balance)ontheladderwhileIworked.Whe

44、nthejob7._(finish),evenmydadsaidthatagoodjob8._(do).bebalancedwasfinishedwasdone/hadbeendone.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Whenhearingtheworddrone,peoplemaythinkofthepilotlessaircraft1._(use)bythemilitaryratherthanthesmallUA Vs(UnmannedAerialVehicles)flown2._fun.Thegrowthofthecivilianmarketint

45、histypeofdronehasbeenhugeandmillions3._(expect)tobesoldinthefuture.usedforareexpected4._issaidthatthedroneindustrycouldcreateover100,000jobsintheEUalone.However,oneaccidentcouldturnallofthataround.Currentrulesstatedronesshould5._(operate)inawaythatcausesnodanger.Controllersmustkeeptheirdroneinvisual

46、contactandnotflynearairportsorcrowdsofpeoplewithout6._(permit).Butsometimesdroneusersdontobeytherules.Itbeoperatedpermission/beingpermittedThenumberofnearmissesbetweenpassengeraircraftanddronesatUKairportshasbeenincreasing7._(recent).Asaresult,alarmedpilotshavebeencallingforthedevelopmentoftechnolog

47、ytostopthem8._(fly)inareaswhereplanesoperateregularlyandseveralUKcompanieshaveansweredthecall.recentlyflyingAUKdesignedAnti-UA VDefenceSystem(Auds)9._lookslikeamachinegunbutfiresradiowavesisbeingtested10._intheUS.ItsdesignershavedeclaredthatashortblastofenergyatadronefromAudsisenoughtoputitoutofaction.that/whichout