高考英语一轮复习（课标2卷B版）课件：专题十一　推理判断.ppt

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1、A A组统一命题组统一命题课标卷题组课标卷题组Passage1(2018课标全国,D)词数:351Wemaythinkwe reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That sbadnewsfortheenvironmentandourwalletsastheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenerg

2、ythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslifefromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowh

3、omeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.五年高考Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,howev

4、er,wedidn tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We renotjustkeepingtheseolddeviceswecon-tinuetousethem.Accord

5、ingtotheanalysisofBabbitt steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwoul

6、dhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironmen

7、t-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.2.WhydidBabbitt steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.3.Whichofthefollowingusesthel

8、eastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.答案答案语篇解读语篇解读我们也许认为当新的科技产品出现时,人们会将已经落后、过时的东西抛弃,但研究发现事实并非如此。陈旧的产品仍然被使用着,但是使用起来消耗的能源多、污染大,的确应该及时淘汰。1.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:

9、作者认为新装置怎么样?根据第一段最后一句可知,继续使用过时的装置对环境和我们的钱包都不是好消息,因为它们与新装置相比,做相同的事情会消耗更多的能源。由此可判断,作者认为新装置有利于环保。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么Babbitt的团队要进行这项研究?根据第二段第一句可知,为了弄清楚这些设备消耗多少电量,Babbitt和同事们持续跟踪每个产品在其使用周期内的环境成本。D项意为“为了查清这些装置耗费的电量。”,与文章内容一致。3.B细节理解题。本题题干意为:以下哪种装置耗能最少?根据第一段可知新装置耗费的能量较少,而第二段则指出与其他几种装置相比,tablets(平板电脑)出现的时间最晚

10、,为最新的科技产品,而且最后一段指出,tablets具有多种功能,比电视和台式电脑消耗的能量少,故B项正确。4.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章建议人们如何处理陈旧的电子设备?最后一段讲到了解决方案,本段指出,研究人员探索了消费者用有多种功能的电子产品替换陈旧产品后的结果。由最后一句可知,用平板电脑代替电视和台式电脑来收看娱乐节目,会减少44%的能源消耗。由此可知文章建议人们不要再使用陈旧的电子设备,故A项正确。长难句Wemaythinkwe reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandne

11、w,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddeviceswellaftertheygooutofstyle.我们也许认为,在我们的文化中,一看到闪光的新东西,就会淘汰陈旧的科技。但是一项新研究表明,在陈旧装置早就过时之后,我们仍在继续使用它们。but连接两个并列的分句,在but前的分句中,think后为宾语从句,在该宾语从句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词culture;在but后的分句中,that引导的宾语从句作shows的宾语,after引导时间状语从句。高级语块高级语块1.shinyadj.闪光的;有光泽的2.evolvev.逐渐发展3.defin

12、ev.给下定义;界定4.accumulatev.积聚;积累5.cathoderaytube阴极射线管6.consumptionn.消费;消耗Passage2(2018课标全国,C)词数:368WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethece

13、nterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrizewhichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitectureonFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).Hisof-f

14、iceislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildings

15、perfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wan

16、g sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftradi-tions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAn-do,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.“Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,”hes

17、aid.“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,”hesaid.“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeop

18、letendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,”saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.1.Wang swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare.A.followingthelatestworldtrendB.gettinginternationalrecogni

19、tionC.workingharderthaneverbeforeD.relyingonforeignarchitects2.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment.B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdiversefunctions.3.WhatmadeWang sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpo

20、pulartechniques.D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.4.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A.Spreadthemtotheworld.B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities.D.Recreatetheminpractice.答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。题材为人物故事类。文章介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍将传统与现代结合,将中国传统元素融入自己的建筑设计中,荣获了2012年普利兹克建筑奖。1.B推理判断题。根据第二段第一句(他们的

21、努力已被证明是富有成效的。)和最后一句(他是第一个获得这一奖项的中国公民。)可推知,王澍获奖意味着中国的建筑设计师正在获得世界的认可,故选B项。2.C细节理解题。根据第四段的内容,尤其是最后一句(这些建筑物的曲线与山的起伏完美搭配,形成了独特的风景。)可知答案为C项。3.D推理判断题。题干句意:什么使王澍的建筑设计获得了成功?根据第五段最后一句(由于现代元素与中国传统元素的结合,这一作品吸引了很多关注。)可知答案为D项。4.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句(对传统的学习应该和实践相结合。)可知答案为D项。长难句长难句WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wo

22、nthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrizewhichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitectureonFebruary28.王澍,一位49岁的中国建筑设计师,在2012年2月28日获得了普利兹克建筑奖,这一奖项经常被称为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”。句子的主干为WangShuwonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize,句中a49-year-oldChinesear-chitect为同位语;which引导定语从句,先行词为PritzkerArchitecturePrize,which在从句中作主语。高级语块

23、高级语块1.landmarkbuilding地标建筑2.fruitfuladj.富有成效的Passage3(2017课标全国,D)词数:288Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjur

24、edpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It saplant swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Somepl

25、antspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbor

26、s.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perh

27、apstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There sawholelotgoingon.1.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack

28、?A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C.Itstandsquietly.D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?A.Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.3.Scientistsfindfromtheirs

29、tudiesthatplantscan.A.predictnaturaldisastersB.protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC.talktooneanotherintentionallyD.helptheirneighborswhennecessary4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.D.PeopleinDarw

30、in stimeweremoreimaginative.答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文为说明文。研究发现,当植物受到攻击时,它们不会坐以待毙,而是会释放出某种化学物质。这可能是对其他植物发出的一种预警信号,也可能是自我保护的一种方式。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知,当其受到攻击时,受到伤害的部位会释放出被称为VOCs的化学物质,由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻击时都会做出这种反应,故D项正确。植物被攻击时释放出的是化学物质而不是噪音,故排除A;释放出的化学物质是对其他植物的预警,而不是从其他植物那里得到帮助,故排除B;根据第一段首句可排除C项。2.A推理判断题。根据第三段可知,某些

31、植物受到攻击时,会释放出某种香味,将攻击者的天敌吸引过来,由此可知当它们到来时,攻击者将会成为被攻击者,故A项正确。3.B推理判断题。由第四段内容可知,植物可以保护自己免受昆虫伤害。4.C推理判断题。最后一段提到,150多年前,达尔文就曾想到这个世界比我们所看到、听到的更加繁忙,更加吵闹,也更加亲密,我们的感官还不够强大,很多东西都未感知到。由此可推断出,这个世界实际上更加复杂,故C项正确。长难句长难句Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.它们大量排出用来吸引

32、对于攻击者来说是天敌的不同昆虫的香味。本句为复合句,句中过去分词短语designedtoattractdifferentinsects作后置定语,修饰perfumes,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词insects。高级语块高级语块1.leafyadj.多叶的;叶茂的2.volatileadj.易挥发的poundn.混合物;化合物4.pumpout大量生产(或制造)5.intentionaladj.故意的;蓄意的Passage4(2017课标全国,B)词数:290IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBai

33、leyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierfors

34、afety.Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebas-kettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditqui

35、cklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbrin

36、g.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.AnditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofallLUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodo

37、so.1.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.2.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A.Torescueawoman.B.Totakecareofawoman.C.Tolookatababyowl.D.Tocureayoungowl.3.Whatmade

38、thechickcalmdown?A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.4.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.It sunexpected.B.It sbeautiful.C.It shumorous.D.It sdiscouraging.答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一个保护野生动物的志愿者组织工作,这份工作既有艰辛痛苦也有拯救生命带来的幸福。请看作者是怎么救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的吧!1.A推理判断题。根据第一段中的“canbeheartbreaking;s

39、urvivalisnevercertain”可知,拯救野生动物的工作有时令人心碎,因为动物不一定能活下来,也就是说可能会徒劳无功,由此可知答案为A项。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shehadfoundayoungowlontheground.”和第三段中的“Iexaminedthechickanditseemedfine.”可知,作者接到一个居住在Muttontown的妇女的电话,于是赶过来看看这只雏鸟的情况,由此可知答案为C项。3.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的描述可知作者给这只雏鸟制作了一个安全舒适的新巢,把它放进去后,很快它就安静了下来。由此可知答案为A项。4.B推理判断题。由最后一

40、段的描述可知,作者回到家,焦急地等待结果,结果是雏鸟的父母被雏鸟发出的声音吸引了过来,并开始照料它了。它存活下来了。结合第一段中的whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful可知答案为B项。高级语块高级语块1.heartbreakingadj.令人心碎的2.survivaln.存活,生存3.constructvt.建造;构筑4.calmdown平静下来5.respondto对做出反应Passage5(2017课标全国,B)词数:274MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebus

41、ysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthethe-ater s75-yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding send.ThefilmclassicThe

42、LastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosed

43、own.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheate

44、rintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePla

45、zaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.1.Inwhatwaywasyesterday scleanupatthePlazaspecial?A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.2.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?A.Itwasanall-timeclassi

46、c.B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C.Theaudiencerequestedit.D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.3.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?A.Itwillberepaired.B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C.Itwillbeknockeddown.D.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.4.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.

47、B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。经营了75年的一家影院在放映完最后一场电影后关门了,观众们眼含热泪依依不舍。老板为什么做出这个决定呢?1.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheatere-quipmentinpreparationforthebuilding send”可知,答案为B项。2.D细

48、节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebe-causeitseemedappropriate.”可知,答案为D项。3.C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexontheland”可知,买家打算在这里修建一栋综合购物大楼,由此推断出不久之后这家影院就要被拆毁了,所以答案为C项。4.B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudi-encewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuil

49、ding”可推断出,与这家老影院分离,观众非常伤心难过,所以答案为B项。长难句长难句Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Bradford把这栋楼和这块地卖给了当地的一个开发公司,这家公司计划在这家剧院所处的这块土地上建一栋综合购物大楼。本句为复合句。逗号后是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词firm,在这个定语从句中还有一个由关系副词where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词land。高

50、级语块高级语块1.inpreparationfor为做准备2.classicn.经典作品3.appropriateadj.合适的;恰当的4.besetin以为背景5.warehousen.仓库;货栈6.abandonvt.抛弃;遗弃7.financialadj.财政的Passage6(2017课标全国,C)词数:291Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.Four-teenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylast