2021-2022学年上海市普陀区晋元高级中学高三（上）期中英语试卷.docx

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1、202L2022学年上海市普陀区晋元高级中学高三(上)期中英语试卷SectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrecLFortheblankswithagiven word , fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword ； fortheotherblanks , useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1.Young professors success

2、 an encouraging signFeng Lei, with a doctorate in computer science and engineering from the Nanyang Technological University, surprised many netizens by landing a job as a doctoral supervisor at the Chongqing University at the young age of 25.Feng Lei is the youngest talent (1 ) (introduce) to the C

3、ollege of Computer Science, and it is the first time for the university to grant the position of professor and doctoral supervisor to a fresh PhD graduate.For many, the title of professor (2) be earned through a tedious assessment of paper - publishing.teaching experience, project quality evaluation

4、 - - all those nearly cost a decade.In that sense, the University did find the suitable person by breaking conventions.In an era (3) post - 90s and post - 95s have gradually become the pillars of colleges and universities, (4) is indeed the universitys right to recruit people with talent and virtue.

5、The role of national laboratories, research institutions, high - level universities and leading tech companies must be amplified to develop a large number of leading scholars and innovation teams (5) China aims to rank among the worlds best as a strategic force in science by 2035.The nation must foc

6、us the strength of its talent policies on young specialists while enabling (6) to take major responsibility, said President Xi Jinping, who called for greater emphasis (7) (give) to training talent and quicker steps to establish (8) people have come to call a competitive edge in human resources.It i

7、s time for the younger generation to find higher standards of idols ( 9 ) chasing pop stars who are caught doing something discreditable.Arent young scholars like Feng Lei who (10) (win) the hearts of all by their hard work and performanceD.Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than IndividualsSecti

8、onCDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthe box.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Was it because of the way the two were raised?B.It is the environment that shapes how genes are expressed.C.The intimate bonds and activi

9、ties of parental care increase oxytocin.D.The reason why Helen and Daniel responded differently to the situation above can be explained in part by genetics.E.If scientific research has identified a gene that can influence our empathy, does that mean Helen was driven by greed?F.It is best known for i

10、ts role in childbirth, but recent studies have revealed its importance in the regulation of social behavior.Kindness： Nature or Nurture?It is a typical scene in a preschool classroom： Daniel and Helen are each happily playing with their own toys when Helen suddenly eyes Daniels toy and wants it, and

11、 she wants it NOW.Daniel sees Helens desire for his toy and kindly extends it to her.Helen snatches the toy, declaring Mine! ” and runs off across the classroom to show off her new toy to her other friends.Daniel does not mind.In this scene, Daniel displays prosocial behavior, which is characterized

12、 by concern for others and an intention to help them.Helen, on the other hand, demonstrated selfish behavior.(1) .Alternatively, was there some kind of genetic factor that made Daniel inherently generous and Helen naturally greedy? As it turns out, the development of prosocial behavior is a matter o

13、f both nature and nurture.Nature and nurture work together constantly.One of the ways nature and nurture are linked is through oxytocin, a hormone with a wide array of targets throughout the human body. (2) .In humans, natural oxytocin levels are related to feelings of love and trust inintimate rela

14、tionships both between parent and child and between romantic partners.They are also associated with empathy and subsequent generosity toward strangers.When oxytocin is administered intra - nasally in human subjects, researchers usually observe an increase in generosity, trust, eye gaze, and the abil

15、ity to infer the emotions of others.(3) .While both Helen and Daniel have oxytocin circulating in their bodies, they may have different forms of the receptor (受体)specific to this hormone.Researchers studying the gene for the oxytocin receptor have identified three different forms, called polymorphis

16、ms (多态性)：AA, AG and GGPeople with the GG polymorphism tend to be empathetic compared to those with the AA or AG polymorphism.However, genetic difference is better described as a tendency toward a particular type of behavior. (4) .This is where the influence of parenting comes in.But what does this h

17、ave to do with oxytocin? When parents are given oxytocin, it leads to the release of natural oxytocin in their infants.Affectionate touch of and play with their children trigger oxytocin release in parents, activating brain circuits devoted to care giving.Summary Writing7. Directions： Read the follo

18、wing passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.Read the world in 193 booksI used to think of myself as a person learned in books, but my bookshelves told a different story.Apart from a few Indian novels and an

19、 Australian book, my literature collection only consisted of British and American titles.Worse still , I hardly ever read anything in translation.My reading is limited to stories by English - speaking authors.So, at the start of 2020, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every co

20、untry of all 193 UN - recognized states in a year.I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English.The response was amazing.Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help

21、.Some posted me books from their home countries.Others did hours of research on my behalf.In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistans AkWelsapar and Panamas Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels, giving me a rare opportunity to read works unavailable in Britain.Eve

22、n with such an extraordinary team behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task.But the effort was worth it.As I made my way through the planets literary landscapes, extraordinary things started to happen.Far from simply armchair travelling, I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the sto

23、rytellers.I discovered, book packing offered something that a physical traveler could hope to experience only rarely： it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes.More powerful than a thousand news reports, these stories not only opened my

24、mind to basic information of life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel.And that in turn changed my thinking.One by one, the books from the countries on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise filled my heart with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear.Lan

25、ds that had once seemed exotic and remote became close and familiar to me.At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real.TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.9 .立即去售票处，就能早些预购周末那场电影票。(and) 10 .你们要到问题严重了才设法解决，这是不是太晚了？ (not.u

26、ntil) 11 .饮用水问题长久以来困扰着当地群众，这也成为制约脱贫和发展的最大障碍。(access) 12. 一连数日，风雪交加，那里九成以上的航班都飞不了，航空公司损失惨重，旅客们怨声 载道。(hold) Guided Writing13 . Directions： Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是启明中学高三学生李明，你的美国朋友Ma从微信朋友圈了解到你参加当地博 物馆志愿者活动，写信向你了解情况。请给他回信。

27、内容包括：1 .你为何参与博物馆志愿者；2 .志愿者活动的内容；3 .你的收获。202L2022学年上海市普陀区晋元高级中学高三（上）期中英语试卷参考答案与试题解析SectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrecLFortheblankswithagiven word , fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword ； fortheotherblanks ，useoneword

28、thatbestfitseachblank.Young professors success an encouraging signFeng Lei, with a doctorate in computer science and engineering from the Nanyang Technological University, surprised many netizens by landing a job as a doctoral supervisor at the Chongqing University at the young age of 25.Feng Lei is

29、 the youngest talent (1) introduced (introduce) to the College of Computer Science, and it is the first time for the university to grant the position of professor and doctoral supervisor to a fresh PhD graduate.For many, the title of professor (2) should be earned through a tedious assessment of pap

30、er - publishing.teaching experience, project quality evaluation - - all those nearly cost a decade.In that sense, the University did find the suitable person by breaking conventions.In an era (3) when post - 90s and post - 95s have gradually become the pillars of colleges and universities, (4) it is

31、 indeed the universitys right to recruit people with talent and virtue.The role of national laboratories, research institutions, high - level universities and leading tech companies must be amplified to develop a large number of leading scholars and innovation teams (5) because China aims to rank am

32、ong the worlds best as a strategic force in science by 2035.The nation must focus the strength of its talent policies on young specialists while enabling (6) them to take major responsibility, said President Xi Jinping, who called for greater emphasis (7) to be given (give) to training talent and qu

33、icker steps to establish (8) as people have come to call a competitive edge in human resources.It is time for the younger generation to find higher standards of idols (9) instead ofchasing pop stars who are caught doing something discreditable.Arent young scholars likeFeng Lei who (10) have won (win

34、) the hearts of all by their hard work and performance worth admiring ?【分析】本文为新闻报道，主要讲述冯雷是计算机学院引进的最年轻的人才，号召国家 必须将其人才政策的力量集中在年轻的专家身上，使他们能够承担重大责任。【解答】(1) introduced.考查过去分词。句意：冯雷是计算机学院引进的最年轻的人才， 也是该校首次授予博士生教授和博士生导师的职位。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词 作定语，talent与introduce之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填introduced。(2) should.考查情态动词。

35、句意：对许多人来说，教授的头衔应该通过对论文出版、教 学经验、项目质量评估等繁琐的评估来获得-所有这些几乎要花费十年的时间。should 表示“应该“符合句意，故填should。(3) when,考查定语从句。句意：在90后和95后逐渐成为高校支柱的时代，大学确实 有权招聘人才和德行。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为era,在从句中作时 间状语，故填when。(4) it.考查形式主语。句意：在90后和95后逐渐成为高校支柱的时代，大学确实有权 招聘人才和德行。分析句子可知，此处用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，故 填it。(5) because.考查原因状语从句。句意：必

36、须扩大国家实验室、研究机构、高水平大学 和领先科技公司的作用，以培养大批领先的学者和创新团队，因为中国的目标是到2035 年成为世界上最优秀的科学战略力量。结合句意可知，此处表示“因为“，引导原因状语 从句，故填becauseo(6) them.考查代词。句意：习近平主席说，国家必须将其人才政策的力量集中在年轻的 专家身上，使他们能够承担重大责任。他们呼吁人们更加重视培训人才，并加快建立人 力资源竞争优势的步伐。结合句意可知，此处指代前文提到的young specialists,且在句 中作enabling的宾语，故填them。(7) to be given.考查动词不定式及语态。句意：习近平

37、主席说，国家必须将其人才政策 的力量集中在年轻的专家身上，使他们能够承担重大责任。他们呼吁人们更加重视培训 人才，并加快建立人力资源竞争优势的步伐。call forto do表示”号召来做某事”，其中 greater emphasis与give之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式，故填to be giveno(8) as.考查状语从句。句意：习近平主席说，国家必须将其人才政策的力量集中在年轻的专家身上，使他们能够承担重大责任。他们呼吁人们更加重视培训人才，并加快建立人力资源竞争优势的步伐。结合句意可知，此处表示“随着“，故填as。(9) instead of.考查固定搭配。句意：现在是年轻一代

38、寻找更高标准偶像的时候了，而不 是追逐那些被发现做了不光彩的事情的流行歌星。instead of表示“而不是”符合句意，故 填 instead of。(10) have won,考查动词时态。句意:像冯雷这样的青年学者，他们的努力和表现赢得 了所有人的心，难道不值得钦佩吗？结合句意可知，此处动作发生在过去，且对现在有 一定的影响，故用现在完成时，故填have won。【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语 搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。1. Section B Directions： Complete the fol

39、lowing passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.complicatedB.concernC.disruptions D.eventually E.frequent F.healingGholding H.reminder I.representatively J.vocalizingK.zeroSecrets are bad for your healthI grew up in a Midw

40、estern town where the popular wisdom was to only talk about what was pleasant and to keep secrets, if necessary, to make that happen.This meant staying silent when someone offended you, rarely (1) J negative feelings and smiling a little more than is necessary.lt also meant(2 ) K room for airing any

41、 sort of dirty laundry, especially not the kinds of personal secrets that keep people up at night.Many of us like to believe that sweeping unpleasant truths under the rug might make them (3) Dgo away.Instead, keeping secrets - - especially heavy ones - - can spin an evenmore (4) A web of isolation a

42、nd deception.So why do we do it?The truth can hurt.But in many situations, it s better to get it out and let the (5) F start, rather than allowing it to become more dangerous.The burden of (6) G in the truth doesnt just disappear.lt hides itself in the back of your mind and can cause a number of (7)

43、 C to your life and health.“If the situations in your daily life are regular (8) H of the secret, and you find itstressful to keep it, then yes, it can have emotional and physical consequences, says Dr.DeanMcKay.nSome people also find keeping secrets stressful out of a general (9) B that theywillsli

44、p.This (10) E and recurring thought of the secret can in itself be stressful.【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了掩饰内心真实情感，压抑自我对自身是有害的。【解答】(1) J.考查动名词。句意：这意味着当有人冒犯你时，你要保持沉默，很少说 出负面情绪，必要时多微笑一点。mean doing意味着,此处是有and并列的三个动名词作宾语，根据句意，此处意指表露自己的负面情绪。vocalizing符合句意，故选J项。(2) K.考查形容词。句意：这也意味着没有空间让任何不好的事情发生，尤其是那些 让人夜不能寐的个人秘密。根据空

45、格后名词room,可知此处要填形容词；根据前句，在 有负面情绪时，在别人冒犯你时，你都不说出来，这就让不好的事情无法传达出去。zero 符合句意，故选K项。(3) D.考查副词。句意：我们许多人喜欢相信，把不愉快的事实扫到地毯下面，它们 最终可能会消失。根据句子结构，此处应该用副词修饰后面的动词g。away；根据句意， 此处意指最终会消失。eventually符合句意，故选D项。(4) A.考查形容词。句意：相反，保守秘密一一尤其是重大的秘密一一会编织出一张 更加复杂的孤立和欺骗之网。根据句子结构可知，此处要填形容词修饰后面的名词web；根据句意，此处意指保守秘密会使情况变得更加复杂。comp

46、licated符合句意，故选A项。(5) F.考查名词。句意：但在许多情况下，最好是把它说出来，让它开始愈合，而不 是让它变得更危险。根据句子结构可知，此处要填名词作宾语；根据句意，此处意指让 事情慢慢好起来。healing符合句意，故选F项。(6) G.考查动名词。句意：坚持真相的负担不会凭空消失。根据句子结构可知，此处 位于介词of之后，名词the truth之前，所以要填动名词；根据句意，此处意指保守秘密, 坚持真相。holding符合句意，故选G项。(7) C.考查名词。句意：它隐藏在你的思想深处，会对你的生活和健康造成许多困扰。 分析句子结构可知，此处要填名词，在句中作宾语；根据句意

47、，此处意指坚守真相，保 守秘密的负担会对你的健康造成很多困扰。disruptions符合句意，故选C项。(8) H.考查名词。句意：如果你日常生活中的情况经常会提醒你这个秘密，而你觉得 保守这个秘密很有压力，那么是的，它会对你的情绪和身体产生影响。分析句子结构可 知，此处要填名词，在句中作表语；根据句意，此处意指生活中的一些事情经常会让你 想到保守的这个秘密。reminder符合句意，故选H项。(9) B.考查名词。句意：还有些人因为普遍担心自己会“失言”，会觉得保守秘密让人 感到压力。根据句子结构可知，此处要填名词；根据其后的宾语从句，可知此处意指担 忧自己会失言，泄露秘密。concern符

48、合句意，故选B项。(10) E.考查形容词。句意：这种频繁反复地想到秘密本身就会让人感到压力。根据句 子结构可知，此处要填形容词，和and后的recurring并列修饰后面的名词thought；根据 句意，此处意指经常反复地想到这个秘密。frequent符合句意，故选E项。【点评】如何做选词填空L根据语法，判断词性一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选 词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。2.利用语境，确定词形当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如主谓一致，动词 的时态，语态，固定短语，名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。ReadingCom

49、prehensionSectionADirections：F oreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA , B , CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.3. Almost all animals sleep, but do they dream? We certainly can*t ask animals if they dream, but we can at least (1) D the evidence that they might.There are two ways in which scien