--高性能低功耗的8位AVR微处理器Atmega16.docx

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1、附录A高性能、低功耗的8位AVR微处理器Atmegal6一、产品特性先进的RISC结构131条指令-大多数指令执行时间为单个时钟周期32个8位通用工作寄存器全静态工作工作于16MHz时性能高达16MIPS只需两个时钟周期的硬件乘法器非易失性程序和数据存储器16K字节的系统内可编程Flash擦写寿命：10,000次具有独立锁定位的可选Boot代码区通过片上Boot程序实现系统内编程真正的同时读写操作512字节的EEPROM擦写寿命：100,000次1K字节的片内SRAM可以对锁定位进行编程以实现用户程序的加密JTAG接口（与IEEE1149.1标准兼容）符合JTAG标准的边界扫描功能支持扩展的片

2、内调试功能通过JTAG接口实现对Flash、EEPROM,熔丝位和锁定位的编程两个具有独立预分频器和比较器功能的8位定时器/计数器一个具有预分频器、比较功能和捕捉功能的16位定时器/计数器具有独立振荡器的实时计数器RTC四通道PWM8路10位ADC8个单端通道Moryr npoaojicnTb bh60P nepe3 cpeCTBO nporpaMMHpoBaHHM Kaprana 3JieKTpHHecTBa npOBHHUHH. Pa6oTaiiTe b Hepa6oTaK)meM pe)KHMe Koryia CTyKK C P U, ho US ART, 2 coeflHHeHHJix

3、, A/IIepeKJiioqaTejib d, SRAM, T/C, nopT SPI TaioKg khk chctcmh nepepbiBa npojjoji)KaeTC5i pa6oTaTb； IlaaaeT Korvja Kaprana 3JieKTpMHecTBa KBapueBbin, kotop ocuhjijimtop ocTaHaBJinBaeT Bn6paunK), Bee 6yHkuoh nepeMenjaioT Bee CTyKH c KpoMe interrupt h o6opyqoBaHH兄；IIoa KapTHHy 3JieKTpHHecTBa npOBWHii

4、nn, acHHxpOHHbm otmcthhk BpeMenn npOAOJDKaeTCM ABHHyrb, noTpeSnTejib no3BOJieHHM boaht Marepnaji BpeMenn, ho “pyroii Monyjib 小yHKiiHH HaxoanTCM Ha dormant nojio;KeHnn; Koraa Kaprana abatement rnyMa ADC npeKparajia C P U h KpoMe acHHxpoHHbix OTMeTHHKa BpeMeHH n ADC Bcero IPa6oTa MoayjiM o, yMeHbinaeT

5、 Kora myM nepeKjnoHaTejin npeo6pa3OBaHH5i ADC; Tloa 3anacHoii KapraHon TOJibKO nocne 3Toro crystal hjih pe30HHpyK)mee ABH)KeHHe reHepaTopa, apyroii Moayjib 巾yHKunn hhxo/iktcm Ha dormant nojioceHHK, npHHKHMeT KOMnoHeHT tojibko yHHHTOKKTb BecbMa HeMHorne 3JieKTpHHecKHe Teueim凡 oztHOBpeMeHHO HMeeT 6biC

6、Tpyio cnoco6HoeTb CTapTa; PacmnpMeT non 3anacHoii KapTHHOH ”口分 Toro hto6bi no3BOJiHTb renepaTop n acHHxpoHHbiH oTMeTHHK BpeMenn npoaojiTKaeTCH pa6oTaTb.3tot o6jiomok nponyKune访 TexHOJioran xpaHeHH只 Atmel high-density cjia6ojieTyHeii. BnyrpeHHe ISP BHesannaM naMMTb nporpaMMbi no3BoneHKM nepes nocjie/

7、iOBaTejibHbiii HHTep(|)eHC ISP, hjih Boo6me nporpaMMHKK npo,iiojiKaeT nporpaMMHpoBaTb, TaioKe motkct npoaojiKHTb nporpaMMHpoBaTb nepe3 ABH)KeHHe b cyrn AVR vectoring npoiieypa. Vectoring npoueaypa Morjia wcnojib3OBaTb cjiyna说ho coe/inHeHwe npoueaypa no npHMeHeH。丸 kotop k download npnKJiaflbiBaeT BHe

8、sanHbin 6jiok naMMTH (naM51Tb ApplicationFIash). ripnKJiajibiBaeT BHesanHbiii 6jiok naMMTH Koraa BO3o6HOBJieHne HanpaBJieT BHesanHyio OBLASTb (naMMTb 60raHKa BHesanHyio) npouenypa npoojiKaeMa5i ajim Toro “to6bl aBHHyTb, ocymecTBJiMeT “e只TejibHOCTb RWW. Hepe3 CPU BHyrpn 8 RISC h BHeapenne cuctcmm pro

9、grammable BHesanHoe b oGjiomokc, WHTerpnpoBaHHoe ATmegal6 6VHet mohojthtobhmh (yHKUHH formidable - uenb, o6ecneHHjra BepTKoe h paspemeHne hh3koh uchbi fqji只 MHoro BpesaHHbix npHMeHeHHii ynpaBJieHHM.ATmegal6 HMeeT oahh Beet 3anporpaMMHpOBaTb KOMnjieKTa h Ha60P pa3BHTHM cncTeMbi, BKJiioa分：C - cocTaBHT

10、ejib M3biKa, 6ojibinoii arperaT, debugger/npoiieAypti UMHTaTop cpeCTBa nporpaMMHpoBaHKM, HMHTaTOp n flOCKa oueHKH.B-TpeTEHx, 06bsicHenne uiTbipwVCC Hctohhhk nnTaHHM ijn巾pobo说 uennGNDCnep尔prre a (PA7.PA0) nopT a enaeT 6yn,eT A/Koneu bxoahofo cnrHana HMHTaijnn nepeKJiK)HaTejiM d.Cep)KHTe a 6yueT 8 ziB

11、yxHanpaBJieHHoe 10, HMeeT b programmable HHTepbepe ajbi Toro hto6bi BbiTMHyrb conpoTOBJieHne. Cboh 6y(j)ep Bbixoaa HMeeT chmmctpkheo xapaKTepHCTHKy BO36y)KAeHH5i, mo次eT BbiBecTH HapyKy n norjroTHTb 6ojibinoe 3JieKTpnHecKoe TeneHne. Koraa khk nojib3a BxoaHoro cwrHajia, ecjin b HHTepbepe bmt只HBaeT con

12、poraBJieHwe 小”只 Toro hto6bi BKjnoHHTb, nopT 6yneT bht兄raBaHHbie lowly exterior 3JieKTpHHecKoii uenbio KOaa TeneHHe Bbixo/ia. B npouecce 3aMeHbi9 even if HaHHHaTb qacoB cncTeMbi KOJie6aHH5i9 c“ep次Lrre a He Ha BblCOKOOMHOM C0CT05JHHH.IIopT b (PB7.PB0) port b 8 AByxHanpaBjieHHoe 10, WMeeT b programmabl

13、e WHTepbepe ajim Toro hto6bi BbiTMHyrb conporaBjieHne. Cboh 6y 巾 ep Bbixoa HMeeT CHMMeTpnnHO xapaKTepHCTHKy BO36y)KaeHn凡 mokct BbiBecra HappKy h nornoraTb 6ojibiuoe 3JieKTpHHecKoe TeneHHe. Koaa khk riojib3a bxoahofo cnrHajia, ecjin b HHTepbepe BbiTrHBaeT conporaBJieHHe ajiH Toro uto6bl BKJiK)HHTb, n

14、opT 6ylieT BbiTMrHBaHHbie lowly exterior 3JieKTpHHecKon iientio Kora TeneHne Bbixoqa. B npouecce 3aMeHbi, even if HannHaTb nacoB cwcTeMbi Kone6aH呐 port b He Ha BblCOKOOMHOM COCTOMHKH.IIopT c (PC7.PC0) port c 8 AByxnanpaBJieHHoe 10, HMeer b programmable HHTepbepe “ji只 Toro “to6bl BbiTMHyrb conpoTHBJi

15、eHne. Cboh 6y 巾 ep Bbixojia HMeeT chmmctpehho xapaKTepHCTHKy BO36y)KneHn5i, motkct bbibccth HapyKy h nornoTHTb 6ojiimoe 3JieKTpHHecKoe TeneHne. Korna khk nojib3a BxoaHoro cnrHajia, ecjrw b WHTeptepe BbiTrnBaeT conpoTHBjreHne /Ui只 Toro hto6bi BKJiioHHTb, nopT 6ylier BbiTMrnBaHHbie lowly exterior 3Jie

16、KTpnHecKon uenbio Koraa TeneHne Bbixoa. B npouecce 3aMehii, HannHaTb qacoB chctcmbi KOJie6aHHM9 port c He Ha BblCOKOOMHOM coctomhhh. Ecjih coeaHHeHHe JTAG BKjnoqaeT, to even if nepeMemaeT noMBJiMeT inTbipb PC5 (TDI), PC3 (TMS) n PC2 (TCK) najibme BbiTMrHBaeT conporaBJieHHe 卬西 Toro HTo6bI aKTHBHpOBaT

17、b.IIopT d (PD7.PD0) port d 8 AByxHanpaBJieHHoe 10, HMeeT b programmable HHTepbepe 只Toro hto6bi BbiTMHyTb conpoTHBJieHne. Cboh 6y4)ep Bbixoa hmcct chmmctpehho xapaKTepHCTKKy BO36”KaeHn凡 motkct BbiBecra Hapy)Ky h norjioraTb 6ojibiuoe 3JieKTpHHecKoe TeneHHe. Koma khk nojib3a BxoflHoro cnrHajia, ecjin b

18、 HHTepbepe BbiTMrHBaeT conporaBJieHHe Ajiji Toro HTo6bi BKjnoHHTb, to nopT BbiTMrnBaHHbie lowly exterior 3JieKTpHHecKHM TeneHHeM Bbixo.ua BpeMeHH iienn. B npouecce 3aMeHbi9 even if HannHaTb nacoB chctcmm kojic6aH0只,port d He Ha BblCOKOOMHOM COCTOMHWH.riEPEY CTAHOBHTE uiTbipb bxoahofo cnrHajia 3aMehh

19、. npo,qoji)KHTejibHOCTb neperoHnT hh3khh ypoBeHb MOKjiy 6ojibinnHCTB perjiaMeHTOM aBepn ajm Toro htoGbi npnHHHHTb 3aMeHy cncTeMbi. npoflOJiTKHTejibHOCTb Sojiee Majia hcm PIMn yjibc nopora He rapaHTnpoBaji Hane)KHyio 3aMeHy.06paTHbin 6jiok ycnjinTejiM reHepaTopa XTAL1 h BHyrpeHHe(|)yHKEHM nacoB o6xoa

20、mt BOKpyr KOHeu bxoahofo cnrHajia.06paTHbiii BHe-nopT 6jiokh ycnjiHTejiM renepaTopa XTAL2.AVCC 6yaeT port a n A/D Hctohhhk nHTaHHM nepeRjnonaTejiM. Koma He ncnojib3yeT ADC, 3tot niTbipb flOJDKen cpa3y n coeaHHeHwe VCC. TTojib3bl Korqa ADC noARjnonaeT nepe3 HH3KOnpOXOAHbI访 巾HJIbTp H VCC.AREF A/D IIlT

21、bipb BxoAHoro cnrHana MaTepwajia KMHTauHK.HMeeT OTMCTHKKM BpeMeHH yHKUHH 8 PWM OtMCTHMK BpeMeHH 0.T/CO 6yaeT Boo6me OTMeTHHKaMH BpeMeHH oaHHOHHoro Kanajia 8 BcTpeHHbift Monyiib. Cbo5i rjraBHbiM o6pa30M xapaKTepncTHKa cjieayiomnM o6pa3OM：CnnHKa cpaBHeHKM cneTHHKaOawhohhofo Kanajia nponcxoanT Kora HCK

22、JiiOHaeT otmcthmk BpeMeHH (autoloading)HMII yjibc non-noMexH9 pacceKaTejiM pre-nacTOTbi nacoB CneTHHKa cjiynaM 10 renepaTopa nacTOTbiYnacTKa npaenjibHO PWM BHeniHneHctohhhk interrupt cfihukh nepenojiHeHHM h cpaBHeHHM (TOVO h OCFO)T/C (TCNTO) h peracTp cpaBHeHHM Bbixoa (OCRO) 8 perncTpoB. 3anpoc inte

23、rrupt (b AHarpaMMe npocTO(|)opMa BHyrpeHHe.Req. ) Cnrnaji Bee HMeeT OTpaceHne b perncrpe TIFR cnMBOJia interrupt otmcthmkh BpeMeHH. Bee interrupts Bee MoryT nepe3 perncTp 3Kpana interrupt OTMeTHHKa BpeMennT/C motkct uepes pacceKarejib pre-qacTOTbi BHyTpeHHe BOsSpKeHHeM hctohkhkh hhcob, hjih 6biTb cp

24、a6aTbiBaeT nepes hctohhhk nacoB niTbipM TO exterior. KoTopbin hctohhhk qacoB ynpaBJieHne MoayjiM jiotokh nacoB oTSopnoe ncnojib3yeT yBejiHHHTb c jik)6blM T/rpaHHijH (hjih yMeHbinaeT)3HaHeHne c. Ecjih He BbiSnpaeT T/ncTOHHWKa hhcobC He pa6oTaer Bbixoa MoayjiM nacoB OT6opHbiii onpeejiMeT khk nacbi clk

25、TO OTMeTHHKa BpeMenw.XIbohhoh perncTp OCRO cpaBHeHHM Bbixoa BajiHKa HenpepbiBHO c T/3HaueHne c npojioji)KaeT cpaBHenne. CpaBHeHO c HMeiomnMCM pesyjibTaTOM HMeeT BOJiHy PWM, hjih hmcct nacTOTy H3MeHeHHM yio Ha niTbipe OCO cpaBHeHHM Bbixoaa, khk o6bHCHeHne 6ji0Ka cpaBHeHHM Bbixona P69 TaKne. Bojim TaK

26、)Ke ycTaHOBjieHHaM Ha cpaBHeHHe nonoeHHM cpaBHeHHoe c cjiynaeM ctihmkh aji只 Toro hto6bi CHMBOJin3HpoBaTb OCFO. 3tot 3HaK mo;kct ncnojib3OBaTb aji只 KMeTb sanpoc interrupt cpaBHeHKM Bbixoa.OnpeAejieHne 3Ta cthtem mhofo perncTpbi h pa3JiHHHbix mcct 6jiokob Boo6me BbipaceHneM 巾opMbi. MajieHbKan 6yKBa n

27、3aMeHiuiaT/CepHHHbiii HOMep c, b 3ToM 0.MajieHbKan 6yKBa x 3aMeHHjia jut只 Kanajia 6jroKa cpaBHeHWM Bbixoaa, b 3To hmchho ahm A. KaHajia. Ho Kor/ia nnrneT npoue/iypa jjojiKHa ncnojii3OBaTb TOHHyio 巾opMy HanpnMep Kcnojib3yeT TCNTO “ji兄 nocemeHHM T/CO npOTHBonocTaBJiMtOT 3HaueHH兄,h thk “ajiee.T/C HCTOH

28、HHKa HHCOB T/C MO)KCT HJIH 3KCTepbep aCHHXpOHHbie, KOTOp HHCbl Cpa6aTbIBaK)T HyrpMHbiMH CHHXpoHnsnpOBaHHbiMH HacaMH. Hctohhhk nacoB peineHneM JIOFHKH HaCOB OT6opHbiM, ho nacbi(yr6opHa凡 kotop jiorwKa mhmo 6yqyT o6Hapy次chhhm MecTOHaxozieHne T/riojio)KeHne CS02 nacoB perncTpa TCCRO ynpaBJieHneM c OTSop

29、noe: 0 ynpaBJieHnii. T/C P810 n T/C PacceKaTejib pre-nacTOTbi 1 HMeeT ncnepnbiBaiomee onncaHHe k hctohkhky hhcob c pa3AejienneM pre-nacTOTbi.IllTaTHoe pacnncaHHe - T/C h noBeaeHHe niTbipM cpaBHeHHM Bbixoaa - HMeeT Kaprany npo(J)wjreM (WGM01: 0) h KapraHa Bbixoaa cpaBHeHHM (COMOl: 0) pemeHwii tiojio次

30、eHH只 ynpaBJieHHM. He bjihmct Ha cpaBHeno c KapraHon Bbixoaa k noncqnrbiBa只 nocjieaOBaTejibHOCTH, ho npo巾H“b HMeeT Kaprany k noCHKTbiBaM nocjieflOBaTejibHOCTw nocjie 3Too BJiHMTejibHoii. COMO 1: 0 KOHTpojiHpyeT PWM 4与只 Toro hto6bl BbiBecTH Hapycy jih oSpameHHaji nojiMpHOCTb. Korzia KapTHHa non-PWM CO

31、MOl: bbixoabi jih nponcxoanT Korjia cnnKa cpaBHeHHM ycTaHaBJiHBaeT Ha nojio)KeHne9 B03BpaT, bo3mo)kho b3mthm ynpaBJieHnii ypoBHM BCTpeHHbie(P71 6jI0K BblBOa CnWHKH CpaBHeHH5I).O6biHHaM KapraHa (WGM01: 0 = 0) 6y“yT npocTO niTaTHbiM pacnncaHHeM. Chcthhk He ocTaHaBJiHBaeT non 3To而 KapTHHoii aKKyMyjinpy

32、eT. noaCHHTbiBaeT nocne 8 3HaqeH。而 6htob oMaKCHMajibHbix (BEPXHEH HACTH = OxFF), 110ToMy hto B03BpameHHM cneTHHKa nepenojiHeHHM 3HaqeH。只 npocTO k MHHHMajrbHOMy 3HaneHHK)0x00 “ejraioT CBenii CTapr B TCNTO HaxoHT b zero hchthhhom T/C hhcob OTMeTHHKa BpeMeHH.riepenojiHeHne CHMBOJiH3HpOBajio KOMnjieKTbi

33、 TOVO Ha nojiOTKeHHM. 3to BpeMM TOVO MajieHbKHe bsfjimabi jik)6mt 9th, TOJibKO TOJibKO CMornTe ycTaHOBHTb Ha nojioceHne, He CMornTe nepeycTaHOBHTb. Ho noTOMy hto o6cjiy)KHBaHHe interrupt OTMeTHHKa BpeMenn motkct nepeycTaHOBHTb TOVO aBTOMaTHHeCKM, nO3TOMy MOeT yBeJIHHMTb OTMeTHHK BpeMeHH Hepe3 epeACT

34、BO nporpaMMnpoBaHHM paspeinenne. TIoa o6biHHoii KapTHHon Jiio6oe paccMOTpenne noTpe6Hoeto cneunajibHoe, noTpeSwTejib He no bo3Mo次hoctoToro hto6bl npOHHTaTb BHyrpH hobocBCTpeHHoe 3HaqeHHe no Heo6xo卬4Moeth.Ejiok cpaBHeHHM Bbixoaa mwkct Hcnojib3OBaTi 卬m hmctb interrupt. Ho He peKOMeH/iyeT no” o6bTHHon

35、KapTWHon MMeeT npo(|)HJib ncnojitsyioin cpaBHeHHe Bbixoaa, noTOMy hto 3To MOCeT npHHMTb CPU - BpeMM. CTC KapTHHa(WGM01: 0 = 2) no” peracTpoM OCRO, kotop Hy)KHO ncnojib3OBaTb b KapTHHe CTC peryjiHpyM chcthhk paspeuienne. Kora BCTpenHO 3HaqeHne TCNTO paBHO k BCTpeHOMy B03BpaTy OCRO. OCRO onpeaejiMJio

36、BCTpeHHoe BEPXHEE 3HaqeHne9 T.e. BCTpennoe paspemeHwe. 3th KapTHHa npnnnHMeT noTpeSnTejiM Gbitb no bo3mohhoctw an只 Toro htoSbi KOHTpojinpoBaTb criHUKy cpaBHeHnM BbiBejia Hapycy oneHb jierKO TaK)Ke ynpomaHHaM nacTOTa, AeMTejibHOCTH BHeniHero cjiyua兄 noacHHTbiBaM.EbiCTpan KapTHHa PWM (WGM01: HMeiomnec

37、M 0 = 3) hmciot npo(|)MJib bbicokoh qacTOTbi PWM. BbicTpoii KapTHHOH PWM n npyruM cxoctbom KapTHHbi PWM 6y“yr cbom onnHoqHa只 aeMTejibHOCTb TaHra)Ka. Chcthmk noACHWTbiBaeT MAKC ot KeT yMeHbinnTb exterior rjiaBHbiM o6pa30M pa3Mep npHcnoco6neHH5i (nHayKTHBHOCTH, 3JieKTpnqecKon cmkocth) 。口3Hqeckh而，TaKHM

38、 o6pa30M yMeHbmaeT ijeny cncTeMbi.3HaneHHe otmcthmkh BpeMeHH aocTHraeT Koraa T/MAKCriepenojiHeHne c CHMBOJiH3HpOBajio KOMnjieKTbi TOVO Ha nojioKeHHH. Ecjih interrupts BKJiiOHaiOT, to cmoehtc bo306Hobote cooTHOCHTejibHoe 3HaqeHne b o6cjiy)KnBaHnn interrupt.Kora pa6oTa b 6bicTpon Kaprane PWM, motkct B

39、biBecra Hapy尔y npo(j)HJib PWM cpaBHeHHbin c 6jiokom Ha niTbipe OCO. YcTaHaBjiHBaeT COMOl: 0 2 moct npon3Becra o6biHHbiii cwrHaji PWM; May hmctb o6paTHbin npo(J)njib PWM ajim 3 qacTe说Xotctb nojiyHKTb BbixoziHoii cnrHaji Ha niTbipe thk)kc ycTaHOBKTb HanpaBJieHHe aHHbix OCO khk Bbixozi. IIpoH3BOAHT Mex

40、aHH3M upo巾mi兄 PWM 6y”eT perncTpoM OCO Kora OCRO n KOMnjieKTbi cnnKH TCNTO Ha nojioeHHH (hjih B03BpaTe), Tax 尔e, khk (6yneT HHKHHM ot MAKC) tot nepeycTaHOBjieHHbiii TaKTa OTMeTHHKa BpeMeHn (hjih KOMnjieKTbi Ha nojioeHHn) B BCTpeHHblii B03BpaT.HacTOTa Bbixo/za PWM motkct nojiynnTb nepe3BbiHHCJieHKe(|)

41、opMyjibi:IlepeMeHHbiH n npe/iCTaBJi5ieT 巾aKTop pa3ejieHH只 qacTOTbi (1,8, 64, 256 hjik 1024).PerncTp OCRO 小口兄 npeaejibHoro 3HaneHHM Koraa Bbipa)KaeT 6bicTpyio KapTHHy PWM HeKOTopbie cneijncnHecKne o6cTOMTejibCTBa. Ecjih OCRO paBHo k Hy, to Bbixoabi aji只 noMBJiMK)TCM b HMFI yjibc y3Koii nacra TaKTa OT

42、MeTHKKa BpeMeHH MAX+1; Koraa OCRO 6yneT MAKC, cornacHO COMOl: 0 npex(nojio)KeHHn9 bbixoabi nocTOMHHO jxjim MaKCHMyMa - pOBHoro hjih HH3KMH ypoBeHb. Hepe3 ycTaHaBJinBaeT OCO Koraa cnnHKa cpaBHeHHM npoaoji)KaeT jiorHHecKH ypoBeHb “ji兄 Toro htoSbi npHHMTb nporaB (COMOl: 0=1), MoryT nojiyHHTb dutyfactor

43、 6ynyr cnrHajioM 50% uwKjTHHecKHM. OCRO 6yAet cnrHajiaMH 0 BpeMeH HMeeT BepxHK)K)nacTOTy l/O. 3th xapaKTepncraKa noao6Ha BHyrpn no” B3只th只mh KapTWHbi OCO CTC counter-operation, cxoactbo jic及ht b 6biCTpon Kaprane PWM ajbi Toro htoGbi hmctb ABOHHOH B3JIHK.3tot cnpaBOHHMK ot pyKOBOflCTBa o(|)HiinajibHb

44、ix naHHbix Atmegal6L.TQFP封装的7个差分通道2个具有可编程增益(,1(k,或20()的差分通道面向字节的两线接口两个可编程的串行USART可工作于主机/从机模式的SPI串行接口具有独立片内振荡器的可编程看门狗定时器片内模拟比较器特殊的处理器特点上电复位以及可编程的掉电检测片内经过标定的RC振荡器片内/片外中断源6种睡眠模式：空闲模式、ADC噪声抑制模式、省电模式、掉电模式、Standby模式以 及扩展的Standby模式I/O和封装32个可编程的I/O 口40引脚PDIP封装,44引脚TQFP封装，与44弓|脚MLF封装工作电压：速度等级0-8MHz ATmegal6L

45、0-16MHz ATmegal6ATmegal 6L 在 1 MHz,3V,250C 时的功耗正常模式：1.1mA空闲模式：0.35mA掉电模式：lpA二、综述ATmegal6是基于增强的AVR RISC结构的低功耗8位CMOS微控制器。由于其先进的指 令集以及单时钟周期指令执行时间，ATmegal6的数据吞吐率高达IMIPS/MHz,从而可以 缓减系统在功耗和处理速度之间的矛盾。AVR内核具有丰富的指令集和32个通用工作寄存 器。所有的寄存器都直接与算逻单元(ALU)相连接，使得一条指令可以在一个时钟周期内 同时访问两个独立的寄存器。这种结构大大提高了代码效率，并且具有比普通的CISC微控

46、制器最高至10倍的数据吞吐率。ATmegal6有如下特点：16K字节的系统内可编程Flash(具有同时读写的能力，即 RWW), 512字节EEPROM, 1K字节SRAM, 32个通用I/O口线，32个通用工作寄存器，用 于边界扫描的JTAG接口，支持片内调试与编程，三个具有比较模式的灵活的定时器/计数 器(T/C),片内/外中断，可编程串行USART,有起始条件检测器的通用串行接口，8路10位 具有可选差分输入级可编程增益(TQFP封装)的ADC,具有片内振荡器的可编程看门狗定时 器，一个SPI串行端口，以及六个可以通过软件进行选择的省电模式。工作于空闲模式时 CPU停止工作，而USART、两线接口、A/D转换器、SRAM、T/C、SPI端口以及中断系统 继续工作；掉电模式时晶体振荡器停止振荡，所有功能除了中断和硬件复位之外都停止工 作；在省电模式下，异步定时器继续运行，允许用户保持一个时间基准，而其余功能模块 处于休眠状态；ADC噪声抑制模式时终止CPU和除了异步定时器与ADC以外所有I/O模块 的工作，以降低ADC转换时的开关噪声；Standby模式下只有晶体或谐振振荡器运行，其余 功能模块处于休眠状态，使得器件只消耗极少的电流，同时具