2023届高中英语语法之双宾动词的被动语态以及使用被动语态的注意事项讲义.docx

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1、2023年高中英语语法之双宾动词的被动语态以及使用 被动语态的注意事项双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下 两种情形值得注意：（1）有些双宾动词（如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, te ach, tell等）在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语（指人）变为被 动语态的主语，而把直接宾语（指事物）保留下来（称为保留宾语），也 可把直接宾语（指事物）变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词 to或for引起的状语（到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关）。 比较：He gave her some

2、money.他给她一些钱。对应：She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.He bought her a watch,他给她买了一快表。对应A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a w atch.（2）有些双宾动词（如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write 等）通 常用直接宾语（指事物）作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语（其前根据情况用介词to或for）：Father made me a doll.对应：A do

3、ll was made for me.He wrote her a letter.对应： A letter was written to her.(3)有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare 等)通常用 间接宾 语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：He answered me that question. 对应：I was answered that question by him.不同时态下被动语态的用法一、被动语态的用法：1 . 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的 过去分词Our cl

4、assroom is cleaned everyday.我们教室每天都被打扫。I am asked to study hard.我被告知要努力学习。Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。2 . 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去 分词A new shop was built last year. 去年修了 一座新商店。Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.恐龙蛋被放置了很 久很久。3 . 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be +及物动词的过去分 词A new hospit

5、al will be built in our city.我们城市将要修 建一家新医院。Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多 的树。4 .现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及 物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now.王叔叔正在修理我的 自行车。They are planting trees over there. 一Trees are being planted over the

6、re by them.他们在那里种 植的树木。5 .现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动 词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages. 这本 书被翻译成多种文字。Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。6 .过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being +及物动词的过去分词The boy was being operated on when

7、 his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。7 .过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been +及物动词的过去 分词The classroom hadn, t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema. 在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。8 .将来完成时的被动语态构成：

8、shall/will + have doneThey will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时， 他们结婚将满20周年。The project will have been completed before May.该项目将 在五月前完成。9 .含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be +及物动词的 过去分词Young trees must be watered often.小树需要经常浇水。Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你应该现在 就改正你的错误。The door may b

9、e locked inside.这扇门可以反锁。Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作业可 以明天交。使用被动语态的注意事项一、要注意被动语态的不同时态被动语态由“be+过去分词”，其中的助动词be根据情况可 使用各种不同时态。如：She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。（一般现 在时）The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。（一 般将来时）The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。（现在进行时）They have been give

10、n a warning.他们受到警告。（现在完成时）二、要注意带情态动词的被动语态该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be（或be的适当形式）+过去分 词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如：The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。They shouldn t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告 诉他们的。三、要注意非谓语动词的被动语态1 .不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如:She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工 作做。He was the l

11、ast person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被 邀请发言的人。2 .不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词” 构成。如：I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我 本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。3 .现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。 如：I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保 护，他感到很安全。4 .现在分词完成式

12、的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词” 构成。如：Having been invited to speak, I 11 start making preparations tomorrow.因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话 题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。5 .动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:She likes being looked at,她喜欢被人瞧。He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。T

13、his question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。6 .动名词完成式的被动语态。由“havingbeen+过去分词”构 成。如：Jenny s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret.杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始信心 十足了。注：过去分词没有被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动意

14、义。如：The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。四、要注意“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，有时也可用 “get+过去分词”构成。如：James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打 了。How did that window get opened? 那个窗户是如何打开的？但总的说来，用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态 常见，尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时，用get构成被动语态更是 少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时，人们可能 会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解：The

15、 window was broken. 窗户破了（表状态）。/ 窗户被打破 了（表动作）The window got broken. 窗户被打破了（表动作）五、要注意哪些动词不用于被动语态1 .不及物动词没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以 若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注 意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的, 很容易出错，这类动词如：take place （发生），happen（发生），come about （发生）,break out （爆发），appear （出现）,disappear （消失）, last（持续），arise（出现,发生）等：Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在 冬季。Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔 钱。2 . 英语中的静态动词（如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等）通常不用于被动语态：My shoes don t fit me. 我的鞋不合适。The young man lacks experience. 这个年轻人缺乏经验。