2023年高考英语答题技巧：阅读理解.docx

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1、2023年高考英语满分答题技巧：阅读理解细节理解题考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等文章中例 证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并 不一定是文章中的原句，大家需要根据文章提供的信息，自己组织语句回答问题。1 .核心技巧：关键词定位法先从题干中提取关键词，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、 语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比对所给选项与文中细节 的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。2 .如何提取关键词？(1)正确理解“定位词”，因为在所有词性中，名词的意思相对唯一且

2、明确，定位词通常以名 词为主，比如：时间，地点，人名，书名，杂志名，专有名词，斜体字，引号引出的词；(2)注意文中具有特殊性和细节性的词语；文章中高频词W定位词，因为通常越细节越特殊 的词，在文章中出现的频率越低，一旦找到，它旁边的信息应该就是考点了。(3)注意题干中的定语和状语;定语可以使一个概括性的概念更加细节化，状语可以使一个 一般性的动作更加特殊化。所以，当题干较长，又没有特殊印刷体文字的情况下，选取 定语和状语中有代表性的词作为定位词，比较可靠。当然不排除主语和谓语本身就很特 殊，或者考点词本身就是定位词的情况。(4)留意文中句子中比较生僻的词，因为生僻的词往往缺少同义词或反义词，一

3、般在原文中 通常能够更为快速地定位。例题：(2022乙卷)DThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it wouldgenerate, the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5 g of sug

4、ar per 1(X) ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖).It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times (he recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520 m a year for ihe Treasury.Howe

5、ver, data a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical - imaging （医学影像） procedures.During the examination children dont move.lt works perfectly.Its amazing, said Johannc LEcuycr, a medical - imaging technologist at the hospital.The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen U

6、niversity Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia （麻醉）.A French medical - imaging technologist - also a hypnotist - was invited to train a few members in the medical - imaging department of the childrens hospital.In alL 80 examinations were conducted

7、for the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.Hypnosis is not a state of sleep ： It is rather a modified （改变的） state of consciousness.The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state - an imaginary world that will disas

8、sociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.The technologist must build up a story with the patient, Ms.LEcuyer said. The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about.Do you play sports? Do you like going to the beach? We establish a subject that we will disc

9、uss throughout the procedure.Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story - an injection（注射）becomes the bite of an insect： the heat on the skin becomes the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings becomes a police car passing nearby.The important thing is that

10、 the technologist associates what is happening outside （he patients body with what the patient sees in his head, Ms.LEcuyer said. It requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a lot of patience and kindness.The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in Ja

11、nuary.It spread like wildfire that someone from France was here to train the technologists, Ms.LEcuyer said.She added that she had a line of staff at her door wanting to take the training.What is the passage mainly about ? A.An easy way to communicate with patients.B.The standard method of conductin

12、g hypnosis.C.An introduction of medical - imaging technology.D.Thc use of hypnosis in medical - imaging procedures.【分析】文章是一篇说明文，旨在告诉读者催眠在医学成像程序中的应用在医疗过程中的 作用。【解答】D.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通篇都在说催眠在医学成像程序中的应用， 其优势和原理是什么文章一一为大家解答。D选项The use of hypnosis in medical - imaging procedures催眠在医学成像程序中的应用符合文章大意。故选D.(202

13、17匕京)I remember (he day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester (学期)project of volunteering at a non - profit organization.When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help, my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC) .My first i

14、mpression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.Then, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me.After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something fbr those kids.When I went online

15、 to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair (绝望)and need that I joined this project without hesitation.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kitsone kit, one child.The most reward

16、ing day for our group was project day, when all the efforts wc put into collecting (he items finally came together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months, I had

17、never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed.While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kits were completed, and ready to be

18、 sent overseas, the warm feeling 1 had was one I would never forget.In the beginning, I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now (hat our project is over. I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten.With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able

19、(o further their education.What can wc conclude from this passage? A.Ones potential cannot always be underrated.B.First impression cannot always be trusted.C.Actions speak louder than words.D.He who hesitates is lost.【分析】本文是一篇故事类记叙文，主要讲的是作者加入了一个帮助伊拉克儿童的组织 （OIC）,开始感到不会达到他/她的期望，后来看到伊拉克儿童.的照片，作者亳不犹豫地 加

20、入这个项目，并且为这吟孩子收集尽可能多的学习用品，帮助他们继续接受教育。【解答】B.推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是作者加入了一个帮助伊拉克 儿童的组织（OIC）,开始感到不会达到他/她的期望，后来看到伊拉克儿童的照片，作者 亳不犹豫地加入这个项目，并且为这些孩子收集尽可能多的学习用品，帮助他们继续接受 教育，由此可推断第一印象不能总是可信的。结合选项，故选B。of (he first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate 24

21、0 m fbr the year ending in April 2019 which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had (heir sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers effor

22、ts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18 p and 24 p fbr every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax

23、 and are refusing to changefbr fear of upsetting consumcrs.Fruit juices, milk - based drinks and most alcoholic drinks arc free of the tax, as arc small companies manufacturing fewer than 1 m litres per year.Todays figures according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar t

24、ax is having by raising millions of pounds fbr sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance and the industry is playing its part.(1) Why was the sugar tax introduced ? A. Tb collect money for schools.B.

25、 To improve the quality of drinks.C. To protect childrens health.D. Tb encourage research in education.(2) How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A. They turned to overseas markets.B. They raised the prices of their products.C. They cut down on their production.D. They reduced their

26、 products sugar content.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。【解答】(1 )C.细节理解题。根据文章第二段First announced in April, 2016 the (ax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5 g of sugar per 100 nil, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100亳升含糖超

27、过5 g 的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。)以及本段最后一句putting themat a higher risk of the disease.(使他们面临更高的疾病风险。)关键词是childhood obesity 和a higher risk of【he disease,可知，征收糖税的目的是保护儿童健康。故选C。(2) D.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中 It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had (heir sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they c

28、an avoid paying the lax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。 由于制造商努力避免收费，饮料中的糖含量现在减少了 4500万公斤。)注意原文中的“so they can avoid paying the tax和to avoid (he charge是目的。使用的应对措施就是had (heir sugar levels cut

29、 以及45 million fewer kilos of sugar 可知，一些饮料公司通过降低产品的 含糖量来应对糖税。故选D。一、推理判断1.基本原则：推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或论据推断出的符合逻辑的结 论或观点，它一般具有以下特征：(I) “立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，only, never, all, absolutely正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly

30、, probably 等。2.核心技巧1根据题干提供的信 息到原文中去抓关键信息，然后进行分析、推理、判断，利用逆向 思维，从而得出正确的结论。2根据全文整体结构整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，从而确定最 佳结论。3根据上下文逻辑获得文章的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行 推断。4根据语境褒贬找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对掌握文章主 旨大意、了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻 辑推断很有用处。5根据作者感情和观 点倾向找出具有感情色彩的形容词或副词（支持或反对、乐观或悲观、主观或客观）6根据文章的体裁和 内容判断文章出处，新闻类、广告类

31、、产品说明类、新媒体类7根据全文主题以及 关键句对文章的引申含义进行分析，整合与题目相关的信息，综合起来 去把握写作意图，确定最佳结论。例题：（2022新高考 II ） As we age, even if were healthy, the heart just isnt as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be.In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s.And among people who dont exercise, the change

32、s can start even sooner.Think of a rubber band.In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken, says Dr.Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas.Thats what happens to the heart.Fortunately for （hose in midlife, Levine is

33、 finding that even if you havent been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.Participants were randomly divided into two groups.Thc

34、first group participated in a program of non-aerobic （无氧） exercise - balance training and weight training - three times a week .The second group did high - intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years the second group saw remarkable improvem

35、ents in heart health.We took these 50 - year - old hearts and turned the clock back to 30 - or 35 - year - old hearts, says Levine. And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump （泵送）a lot more blood during exercise. But the hearts of t

36、hose who participated in less intense exercise didnt change, he says.“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you havent already is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility, Levine says. We pul healthy 70 - year - olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing h

37、appened to them at all.Dr.Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levines findings are a great start.But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.

38、(1) What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band ? A.The right way of exercising.B.The causes of a heart attack.C.Thc difficulty of keeping fit.D.The aging process of the heart.(2) In which aspect were the Iwo groups different in terms of research design? A.Diet plan.B.Professional

39、 background.C.Exercise type.D.Previous physical condition.(3) What does Dr.Nieca Goldberg suggest? A.Making use of the findings.B.Interviewing the study participants.C.Conducting further research.D.CIarifying the purpose of the study.【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。【解答】(1 )D.推理判断题。根据第二段Think of a rubber

40、 band.In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken, says Dr.Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas.Thats what h叩pens to the heart.(想想橡皮筋。一开 始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学 的心脏专家本莱文博士说。这就是心触的变化。)可知，莱文想通过提到橡

41、皮筋来解释心脏 的老化过程。故选D。(2) C.推理判断题。根据第三段的 The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercisebalance training and weight trainingthree times a week.The second group did high - intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer fbr four or more days a week.(第一组每 周参加三次非有氧运动平衡训练和重量训练。第二

42、组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更 多的高强度有氧运动。）可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。(3) C.推理判断题。根据最后一段的 But the study was small and needs (o be repeated with far larger groups of people to detennine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复:进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪 些方面会产生最大的影响。)可知，妮卡戈

43、德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。二、词义猜测这类题型要求考生必须熟练掌握普通高中英语课程标准规定的词汇，也着重考查考生是 否有利用逻辑关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。主要通过以下两点进行考 查：要求根据阅读材料，结合考生应有的常识和经验判断生词、词组或者熟词在特定语境中 的含义以及一些句子的意思：代词指代题也是词义猜测的常考类型。1 .猜测词义要把握“就近原则”。也就是针对划线部分词义的猜测，它的线索就在本句内， 或在前一句或在后一句，不会太远。所以，猜测词义题要仔细研读就近的句子，从中获取解 题线索。2.猜测词义要利用好各种逻辑关系，比如转折，因果，并列，递进，对比等.1

44、表转折关系的词汇 和短语but, yet, however, while, although, though, as, on the contrary, in contrast, fbr one thing.fbr another thing, on the one hand.on the other hand, instead 等2表因果关系的词汇 和短语because, since, as, for, so, therefore, due to, as a result, owing to, on account of, thanks to, fbr this reason, so.tha

45、t, such.that 等3表递进关系的词汇 和短语and ： both.and ； also ； not only.but also； as well(as) ； at the same time ； besides ； further more 等4表对比关系的词汇 和短语unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 0 while 引导的并列句等3 .猜测词义要利用好解糅或定义关系。通常情况下在做解释或下定义时会用到定语从 句，同位语从句或破折号或 be called, be known as, in othe

46、r words, such as, for example, for instance, like, including 等。4 .猜测词义要利用好构词法。有些单词虽然没见过，但是可以根据构词法来猜出它们 的意思，比如借助一些常见的词根词缀，合成词等，猜单词就很容易了。如wheelchair, wheel 是轮子的意思，chair则是椅子。显而易见，有轮子的椅子就是轮椅了。5 .猜测词义要利用好基本的常识或经验。有时，需要猜测的词汇周围并没有前面提到 的一些可以提供线索的词汇或结构，需要你利用自己的生活常识或经验进行猜测。猜测词义时并不是每次都能遇到可以利用的线索词汇，读懂上下文的语境非常重要

47、。利用好 高考真题，进行反复的集中限时训练，利用所学的方法技能，并且总结出自己的做题方法, 提高猜测词义和理解文章的能力。例题：There arc now 7(M) elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Pen fold Street, one of the firs

48、t to embark on the project, said： Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.What do the underlined words embark on mean in paragraph 7? A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了伦敦一家慈善机构想出来的养老活动项目一一让疗养 院的老年人看管母鸡，以防止它们感到孤独。它还被用来帮助患有痴呆症的患者。解答C.词义猜测题。根据原文第七段Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said： Residents real