综合英语3词汇合编.docx

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1、Unit 11On Becoming a Better StudentWords and ExpressionsParagraphs 1-21. repository n.存放处，储藏室a place where things are stored2. partake v.参与，分享，分担(often humorous) eat or drink, esp. sth. offeredIn the passage, “partake is figuratively(象征性地，隐喻地)used to mean “to draw on or use as one wishes (the teache

2、rs9 repositories of skill and knowledge)”e.g. Would you care to partake of a little wine with us?No, thank you. I dont partake. (= dont drink alcohol)Comparison: partake of & partake inpartake of:吃e.g. Grandmother likes to partake of a small glass of sherry before lunch.partake in:参力口e.g. a womans f

3、undamental right to partake in club affairs3. at will随意，任意(formal) as one wishese.g. You can use my car at will (= any time you want to).Comparison: at will & with a willat will: do sth. at will is to do it as one wishes.with a will: do sth. with a will is to do it energetically and with eager inter

4、est.e.g. They worked with a will and had cleared a path by 9.00 a.m.4. weighted a.加重的，加权的，衡量过的be weighted with care 心事重重Paragraphs 3-95. embody v.表现，象征serve as a symbol or expression of an idea, quality, etc.e.g. To me, they embody the best of Wall Street.6. discipline n.纪律1) training, esp. of the m

5、ind and character, aimed at producing self-control, obedience, etc.e.g. Any discipline but especially those with great subtlety and complexity, like yoga or taichi can be a lifelong pursuit.2) the quality of being able to behave in a strictly controlled way which involves obeying particular rules or

6、 standardse.g. Persistence, consistency, and discipline are required.3) a branch of knowledge; a subject of studye.g. If we can look at our chosen discipline or craft as an ongoing process rather than as a discrete accomplishment, the potential for learning can be infinite.I am working for people fr

7、om a wide range of scientific disciplines.7. discrete a.分离的，不相关联的independent of other things of the same typee.g. a series of discrete eventsComparison: discrete & discreetdiscrete: sth. that is separate and distinct is discretee.g. These small companies now have their own discrete (= independent, s

8、eparate) identity, discreet: sb. who is discreet is careful or showing good judgment in what one says or does; sth. that is discreet is not too obviouse.g. We must be extremely discreet (= careful in what we do and say); the police suspect something.8. mundane a.世俗的，平凡的ordinary and uninteresting, wi

9、th nothing exciting or unusual in it mundane life世俗生活9. live up to实践，做到，不辜负behave in accordance with (what is expected); achieve or keep (high standards)e.g. You disappointed us by failing to live up to your principles.10. relinquish v.交出，让给，放弃give up (power, position, claim, etc.)11. approachn. a w

10、ay of dealing with a thing or persone.g. a new approach to foreign language teachingKelly is always very logical in her approach (= the way she deals with things).Collocations:approach to sth.: a method of doing something or dealing with a probleme.g. This book takes an unorthodox(不正统的)approach to a

11、rt criticism.the approach of sth.: the approach of a particular time or event is the fact that it is getting closere.g. the approach of autumnv. begin to consider or deal withe.g. There are quite a few ways of approaching the problem.I must tell her that I cant go to her wedding ceremony, but I dont

12、 quite know how to approach the subject.12. precedence n.领先于，优先权the condition of being dealt with before other things or of being considered more important than other thingse.g. Lets deal with the question in order of precedence (= the important ones first).Derivations:precede (v.): come or go befor

13、e sth. in time, order, rank, etc.e.g. Bill Clinton preceded Gorge Bush Jr. as president of the United States.precedent ()： earlier decision, case, event, etc. that is regarded as an example or rule for what comes latere.g. The Queen has broken with precedent by sending her children to ordinary schoo

14、ls.precedented有先例可援的 (。.)：having or supported by a precedente.g. It was a decision not precedented in English lawunprecedented (a) without precedent; never having happened, been done or been known beforee.g. The twentieth century witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale(程 度).13.

15、 prior a.在前的，优先的coming or planned beforee.g. She was unable to attend the reception(接待)because of a prior engagement.Collocation:prior to: (frnl.) beforee.g. The contract will be signed prior to the ceremony.Derivation:priority (.)e.g. The government gave (top) priority to reforming the legal system

16、.14. pitfail n.陷阱，易犯的错误，意想不到的困难a mistake that may easily be madee.g. Can forward planning help avoid stressful pitfalls?15. complacency n.自满，自鸣得意(disapproving) a feeling of calm satisfaction with ones own abilities or situation that prevents one from trying hardere.g. What worries the principal abou

17、t these students is their complacency 一 they seem to have no desire to expand their horizons.Derivation:complacent (a)自满的e.g. I dislike his complacent attitude/smile.16. strain v.尽量利用，用尽全力n.负担try (too) hard; make (too) great effortsParagraphic17. correspondence n.信件联系，信函the act of exchanging letters

18、; the letters exchanged between peoplee.g. The authoress seldom mentions her renowned husband in her correspondence.Collocation:take / do a coiTespondence course (= a course of lessons in which information and work are exchanged by post)Derivation:correspondent (.)：a person with whom another person

19、exchanges letters regularlya newspaper or television reporter, especially one who specializes in a particular type of newse.g. a war / diplomatic / health / environment correspondent18. cumulative a.累积的，逐增的(also accumulativeff) increasing steadily in amount or degree by one addition after anothere.g

20、. The cumulative effect of using so many chemicals on the land could be disastrous.19. pertinent a.用关的，中肯的relevant; to the point20. scathing a.严厉的，尖刻的，不留情的(of speech or writing) bitterly cruel in judgment21. badger v.纠缠不休,吵着要repeatedly tell sb. to do sth. or ask sb. questionse.g. The little girl bad

21、gered her father into buying her a pony.Vocabulary ExercisesIII. Word Derivation1. substance .物质，主旨，实质一 substantial a. substantiality n.你处理这些危险品时，可要当心。Beware of what you do with those dangerous substances.她在讨论中做了大量工作。Her contribution to the discussion was substantial.实体论the theory of substantiality2

22、. motivate v.刺激，使有动机一 motivation 动机,诱因一 motive 动机，目的 调动别人积极性的唯一方法是与他们交流。The only way you can motivate people is to communicate with them.你想当老师的动机是什么？What was your motivation for becoming a teacher?警方已排除该谋杀案中有抢劫的动机。The police have excluded robbery as a motive for the murder.3. commitment n. commit v.

23、 committed a.忠诚的，坚定的本公司承诺保证质量和顾客的服务。Our company has a commitment to quality and customer service.他没有作任何承诺。He didnt commit himself to anything.他们是忠诚的社会主义者。They are committed socialists.4. restrictive a.限制性的，约束性的.restrict v. restriction n.许多成员认为规定限制性太强。Many members thought the rules were too restricti

24、ve.政府在限制进口的措施中提高了关税。In a move to restrict imports, the government raised custom duties.这个游泳俱乐部对邻近地区的家庭开放，不受限制。The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood without restriction.5. subtlety .微妙，精明subtle微妙的滩以捉摸的一 subtly ad.隐隐约约地 语言的一些细微之处无法通过翻译传达。Some of the subtleties of the language are l

25、ost in translation.光线暗淡有助于人们松弛精神。Subtle lighting helps people relax.他们对我的态度发生了微妙的变化。Their attitude to me altered subtly.6. thrill v.一 thrilling a.一 thriller .使人毛骨悚然的东西我们听到你的好消息非常兴奋。We were thrilled to hear your wonderful news.不容怀疑，这是一种壮烈的情感。It was a thrilling sentiment, no doubt.我们的新系列惊险故事于今晚7时30分开始

26、播出。Our new serial thriller begins at 7:30 this evening.7. complacency n.一 complacence n. complacent a.我们不能自满，必须继续努力改进。There5s no room for complacency; we must continue to try to improve.许多人，甚至高级官员都沉醉于自信科学能解决任何问题。Many people, even in high office, rest in the balmy complacence of assurance that scienc

27、e can solve everything.我们绝不能满足于自己的成绩，还有很多事情要做。We must not be complacent about our achievements; there is still a lot to be done.8. precedence n.一 precede v. precedent n.范例,先例unprecedented a.这一工作必须先做，其他一切后做。This task must be given precedence over all others.他演讲前先对来宾表示欢迎。He preceded his speech with a

28、welcome to the guests.女王破例让自己的孩子去普通学校就读。The Queen has broken with precedent by sending her children to ordinary schools. 中国工业正以空前的速度发展。Chinas industry is developing at an unprecedented rate.Sentences: Paraphrase & Translation1. We may even have expectations that they be endless repositories of skill

29、 and knowledge from which we may partake at will. (Paragraph 1)Translation:2. As a teacher I have come to feel weighted by these expectations and have begun to see that it is really not possible to teach. (Paragraph 2)Paraphrase:3. All the words and theories and techniques are of no use to students

30、who have yet to open themselves with receptivity and to take it upon themselves to practice. (Paragraph 2)Paraphrase:4. It is not knowing in the sense of having a rigid opinion, but the ability to look again at another time, in a different light, as Gyorgyi suggests, and to form a new understanding

31、based on that observation. (Paragraph 4)Paraphrase:5. The fruit of these seemingly dry qualities (which we prefer to admire in others) is the satisfaction of having tasted the fullness of completion, or the thrill of meeting a difficult challenge with success. (Paragraph 5)Translation:6. Beyond the

32、well-paved roads and secure structures we usually build for ourselves lie demons, unsure footing - and unfelt pleasures. (Paragraph 6)Paraphrase:Translation:7. It could be as simple as throwing a perfect pot, or as complex as formulating a new theory of physics. The satisfaction we feel will be dire

33、ctly proportional to amount of work we do by ourselves to achieve our goal. (Paragraph 7)Paraphrase:8. To go deeper may mean to be still, to progress more patiently, or to devote more time to other areas of our lives as yet green and immature. (Paragraph 9)Translation:Text IIThe Art of Acknowledgeme

34、nt1. fencing (para.l): n.剑术，围墙2. dazzle (para.l): v.使炫目3. analogy (para.l): n.类似，相似4. chutzpah (para.2): n.肆无忌惮5. hubris (para.3): n.骄傲自大6. nemesis (para.3): n.报应7. scenery (para.3): n. 风景8. shambles (para.4): n. 蹒跚地走9. despondent (para.5): a.沮丧的，泄气的10. fulmination (para.6): n.言辞谴责11. wizardry (para.7): n.武术，魔法12. gnosticism (para.7): n. 诺斯替教13. luminous (para. 11): a.发光的，命令的14. transvaluation (para. 11): n.重新评估15. throe (para. 17): n.阵痛，剧痛16. denigration (para.20): n. i氐毁17. whimsical (para.20): a.异想天开的，闹着玩的，反复无常18. prime (para.21): v.填装，使准备好19. reciprocity (para.22): n.相互性，相互作用