2023届高考完形填空解题10大技法学案素材.docx

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1、完形填空解题10大技法技法一重首句，易入题完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句，可以确定文 章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向, 达至I顺利“入题”的目的。本文第一句交代了故事的主人公“我丈夫、我 们的孩子和我”和事件“我们精彩的野营经历”，由此可推知下文可能要 讲述主人公野营的经历。技法二寻复现，找答案完形填空选项的设置，命题人往往通过原词复现、同义词复现、近义 词复现、同源词复现、反义词复现、上下词复现等方式重现已经出现过的 词汇。做题时，在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下，应留心选项中是否有与 上下文相对应的词汇，运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。常见的词

2、汇复现 方式如下：原词复现一一在上下文中同一词汇重复出现一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时兼有词形变化。如 上文中出现的transport与下文中的transportation可以看成原词复现。真题体验1 （2020 全国I ）I hate lying to the kids.One day they II 47.wake up and discover that everything they? ve always known about windows is a 48 .I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth n

3、o matter the 50.consequences.I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie we re telling is doing.48. A.dream B. Lie C. fantasy D. fact答案B解析 根据本段第一句中的lying以及下一段第二句中的the lie可知，此 处应填lie（谎言）。同根词复现一一词形变化的词汇复现真题体验2 （2021 全国乙）Simply saying thank you doesn, t seem enough in certain situations.! was considering

4、 this while working as a 41 just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude（感谢） She was 49 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.On her day of discharge, we shared in her 50.d

5、elight at her recovery.As she was 51.leaving she was eager to say 52.goodbye to each of us in the nursing team.41. A.cleaner B. Chemist C. nurse D. doctor55.beginning.There is still a long way to go. ”53. A.commented B. Learned C. reminded D. added 答案D解析comment评论；learn学习；remind提醒；add补充说。前句为她 说的话，后面又

6、继续说，即为补充说。add熟义为“增加”，此处为生义 “补充说”。（2022 广东茂名二模）It s often the simple things in life that make the most significant impact on us.lt was late one afternoon in mid-September.My three-month-old son was napping in his 1 .As I wandered through our living room, I happened to 2 my balcony window.Puddles（水坑）h

7、ad 3 on the ground and the rain had slowed.Down below 4 a boy of about four.Filled with a mixture of fascination and happiness, he stomped （踩）through the puddle, mud and 5 flying.He walked, stomped, splashed through that puddle 6 , happily enjoying what mother nature had left for him.Not more than t

8、en feet away stood his mother.She didn t scold him. 7 , she watched with a pleasant smile on her face and stood 8 .As for me, it was a（n） 9 moment that changed the way I will forever view my role as a mother.The little boy probably will 10 each afternoon that his mother takes him outside, as he 11 .

9、He may not remember each little thing that happens each time his mother lets him 12 his world.But he will remember that his mother 13 him and he will know that she helps him to learn and grow in a pleasant and fun environment.Maybe we can all learn from the innocence of 14 that views a rainstorm not

10、 as something to run through or to avoid, but something meant to explore, to 15 and to love.语篇解读 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在雨天见到一个小男孩在踩水坑， 而他妈妈在旁边安静地看着他探索自己的世界。从中作者获得了生活感 悟。1. A.desk B. Bed C. toy D. chair答案B解析 desk桌子;bed床;toy玩具;chair椅子。根据napping可知，bed 符合语境，意为“在床上睡觉”。2. A.jump at B. turn around C. look out of D.

11、stare at 答案C解析 jump at 急于接受；turn around 转身；look out of 向外看;stare at 凝视。根据上文“As I wandered through our living room和下文“my balcony window可知，作者漫步于客厅时偶然向窗外望。3. A.formed B. Left C. saved D. collected答案A解析form形成；leave离开；save节省；collect收集。根据下文“the rain had slowed可知，因为下雨了，所以在地面上形成了水坑。4. A.waved B. Trembled C.

12、 stood D. slid答案C解析 wave挥手；tremble颤抖；stand站着；slide滑行。根据下文“he stomped（踩）through the puddle” 可知，小男孩是站着。5. A.birds B. Cars C. ash D. water答案D解析bird鸟；car汽车；ash灰烬;water水。根据前文“he stomped（踩） through the puddle可知，这里应为泥和水在飞溅。6. A.by and by B. up and down C. now and then D . over and over答案D解析 by and by 不久;up

13、 and down 上上下下;now and then 时而;over and over 反反复复。根据下文 happily enjoying what mother nature had left for him”可知，小男孩沉浸在踩水坑的欢乐里，所以此处指小男孩反反复复 地在水坑里玩耍。7. A.InsteadB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Also答案A解析instead相反；however然而；therefore因此；also而且。根据前文 “She didnt scold him.和后文“watched with a pleasant smile on her fa

14、ce” 可知，小男孩的妈妈没有责骂他，而是微笑地看着他。8. A.still B. hesitantlyC. anxiously D. close答案A解析still静止的；hesitantly犹豫地;anxiously焦急地；close紧挨着。 根据前文 ashe watched with a pleasant smile on her face v可知，小男孩的 妈妈在不远处站着不动，只是微笑着看他。9. A.embarrassing B. confusingC. touching D. exhausting答案C解析 embarrassing令人尴尬的；confusing令人困惑的；to

15、uching感人的； exhausting 令人精疲力竭的。根据下文 that changed the way I will forever view my role as a mother”可知，小男孩的妈妈任由其在泥坑里玩耍的时刻 令作者感动。10. A.experience B. RememberC. forget D. recall答案c解析experience经历；remember记得；forget忘记；recall回忆。根据 下文中的not remember可知，此处意为“他可能会忘记”。11. A.grows up B. loses heart C. turns in D. cr

16、ies out答案A解析 grow up成长;lose heart灰心；turn in上床睡觉；cry out喊叫。根 据下文 “He may not remember each little thing that happens each time可 知，此处指随着小男孩长大他可能会记不得一些事情。12. A.visit B. Explore C. find D. understand答案B解析visit参观;explore探索；find发现;understand理解。根据小男孩 踩水坑可知，他的妈妈让他探索自己的世界。13. A.loves B. Helps C. scolds D. ki

17、sses答案A解析love爱；help帮助；scold责骂；kiss亲吻。根据下文可知，此处指 小男孩的妈妈爱他。14. A.youth B. Childhood C. adolescence D. adulthood 答案B解析 youth 青年;childhood 童年;adolescence 青春期；adulthood 成年。 根据文章的主人公为“a little boy”及本句中的“innocence”可知，childhood 符合语境。15. A.enjoy B. Share C. stop D. await答案A解析enjoy享受；share分享；stop停止；await等待。根据

18、本句中 “notbut”意为“不是而是”可知，此处应与上文中的“to run through or to avoid”形成对比,enjoy与explore和love并列，符合语境。（2022 广东梅州一模）I was born with no arms.My life is not 1 , but I have overcome adversity（逆境）.I love seeing people s 2 changed for the better.lt is my hope that your life will be 3 affected by my story.When I was t

19、hirteen, I 4 my foot, which I use to do many things like typing, writing and 5 .The injury made me realize that I need to be more thankful for my abilities and less concentrated upon my 6 .A teacher encouraged me to start 7 about my faith and overcoming adversity when I was 17.The first time I made

20、a speech，I was very 8 .Within the first three minutes of my talk, half of the girls on the spot were 9 , while most boys were struggling to control their 10 .One girl in particular was sobbing hard.Suddenly she put her 11 up, saying, “Iwas so sorry to 12 , but can I come up and hug you ? ”She came a

21、nd hugged me before everyone, and 13 in my ear, “Thank you.No one has ever told me that they loved me and that I am beautiful the way I am.”Her gratitude 14 me to go across 44 countries and speak 2,000 times.I realized that we all need love and hope.Then, I was in a unique position to 15 this view w

22、ith people around the world： Dream big, my friend, and never give up!语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者虽然出生时没有胳 膊，但他却用自己的故事激励了很多的人，作者希望人们追逐远大梦想， 永不放弃。1. A.important B. Easy C. tiring D. hard答案B解析important重要的；easy容易的；tiring令人困倦的；hard困难的。根据文章第一句可知，因为作者生来没有胳膊，所以生活对作者来说不易。2. A.experience B. Quality C. activity D.

23、life答案D解析experience经历,经验；quality质量;activity活动；life生活。根 据后文“It is my hope that your life”可知，作者喜欢看到人们的生活变 得更好。3. A.differently B. Hardly C. positively D. generally答案C解析 differently 不同地；hardly 几乎不；positively 积极地；generally 一 般地,通常。根据上文“I love seeing.changed for the better.” 可知，作者 希望通过自己的故事给别人带来积极的影响。4.

24、A.hurt B. Witnessed C. destroyed D. weakened答案A解析hurt使受伤;witness目睹，见证；destroy破坏；weaken使变弱。根据后文uThe injury made me realize./,可知，作者的脚受伤了。5. A.sleeping B. Washing C. boating D. sailing答案B解析sleep睡觉;wash洗衣服;boat划船；sail航行。根据文章第一句 描述可知，作者没有胳膊，所以作者用脚洗衣服。6. A.difficulties B. Hobbies C. features D. disabiliti

25、es答案D解析 difficulty 困难；hobby 爱好；feature 特征，特点;disability 残疾。根据文章第一句可知，作者天生残疾再结合句意可知，空处需用disabilities 与空前abilities对应。7. A.speaking B. Memorizing C. complaining D. worrying 答案A解析speak讲述；memorize记忆；complain抱怨；worry担忧。根据后 文“The first time I made a speech v可知,作者17岁时老师鼓励他做演讲。8. A.sensitive B. Wild C. nervo

26、us D. exhausted答案C解析sensitive敏感的；wild狂野的；nervous紧张的；exhausted筋疲力 尽的。根据常识可知，第一次做演讲都会紧张的。9. A.smiling B. Shouting C. crying D. sighing答案c解析smile笑；shout喊叫；cry哭泣;sigh叹气。根据后文“One girl in particular was sobbing hard.”可知，一半的女孩开始哭泣了。10. A.emotionB. Thought C. sadness D. passion答案A解析 emotion情感；thought思想；sadn

27、ess悲伤；passion热情，激情。根据后文“尤其一个女孩哭得厉害”可知，作者的演讲很感人，男孩们在 努力控制自己的情绪。11. A.book B. Face C. note D. hand答案D解析book书；face脸；note笔记；hand手。根据语境可知，作者在演 讲，所以作为听众，女孩是举起手提出请求的。12. A.explainB. Interrupt C. conclude D. entertain答案B解析 explain 解释；interrupt 打断；conclude 总结；entertain 娱乐。根据 上文“Suddenly she put herup, saying

28、”可知，女孩打断了作者演讲。13. A.whispered B. Informed C. slapped D. screamed答案A解析 whisper低语；inform通知；slap（用手）拍；scream尖叫。根据后文 “in my ear”可知，女孩在作者耳边低语。14. A.expectedB. Allowed C. inspired D. intended答案C解析expect期待；allow允许；inspire激励;intend打算。根据前一段描 述可知，女孩的感激激励了作者勇敢地迈出去，做了很多演讲。15. A.relate B. Share C. connect D. deb

29、ate答案B解析relate使联系；share分享；connect使连接；debate辩论。根据后 文 u .this view with people around the world v可知，作者要和人们分享自 己的观点，share sth.with sb.和某人分享某事，固定搭配。答案c解析cleaner清洁工；chemist化学家，药剂师；nurse护士; doctor医生。 根据下文 “she was eager to say goodbye to each of us in the nursing team” 可推断，作者是一名护士（nurse）。nursing与nurse是同根词

30、复现。49. A.grateful B. Thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful答案A解析 grateful感激的;thoughtful周到的，体贴的；sorrowful悲伤的;fearful 担心的，害怕的。依据第一段最后一句中的“gratitude（感谢）”和下文中 她的行为可推知，她感激医护人员为她做的一切。grateful与gratitude是 同根词复现。同/近义词复现一一意思相同、相近的表达方式或者解释性的词汇复现 真题体验3 （2021 天津3月）He 23.offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone

31、 who needed it.He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair again 24 .24. A.by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit答案C 解析 by accident 偶然；in advance 提前；for free 免费；on credit 赊账。上文提到他主动提出为有需要的人免费修自行车，根据空前的again及语 境可知，此处指他再次免费修废弃的自行车。free of charge与for free是 同义词复现。反义词复现一一意思相反或对比性解

32、释的词汇复现 真题体验4（2022 新高考全国II）She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.lt might sound like one long, expensive 42.vacation, but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel 43 .C. helpful D. affordable43. A.safe B. Busy答案D 解

33、析safe安全的；busy繁忙的；helpful有帮助的；affordable负担得起 的。由but可知，此处与上文中的expensive（昂贵的）构成反义关系，也就 是“便宜的”或“负担得起的”。上下词复现一一总括与分述的词汇复现真题体验5 （2020 全国I ）Since our twins began learning to walk.I hate lying to the kids.I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences.I have a very strong 51.fear

34、that the lie we re telling is doing 52.spiritual damage to our children.49. A. pa rentsB. Twins C. colleagues D. teachers答案A解析 根据上文中提到的our twins, the kids以及下文中的our children可 知，此处是指父母（parents）。技法三看语境，辨词义语境就是指文章的上下文，着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行 分析、推理、判断的能力。考生要通过上下文的提示或暗示，对文章进行 整体把握。因此，在做题时要有全局观念，开头的题目要从下文找答案， 中

35、间或最后的题目要从上下文查找信息，即使考查词组，也是在理解语境 前提下的词义复现。近几年的高考真题更侧重于考生对具体语境的把握， 尤其是对整篇文章语义的理解能力。所设选项中，三个干扰项不一定是错 误的，而是不符合所在语篇语言环境的特点，因此突出了语境化和整体性, 主要涉及时间、地点、方向、情感、动作等。本文第41、43、44、45、 47、50、52题是通过分析上下文语境得知答案的。根据上文提示真题体验1 （2022 全国乙）However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42.bad at hiding.They

36、often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .43. A.exposed B. Examined C. untouched D. imbalanced 答案A_解析exposed无遮蔽的；examined已检查过的；untouched未受影响的； imbalanced失衡的。根据上文语境可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体 的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。根据下文提示真题体验2 （2022 新高考全国II）The couple has a high 51 rate in get

37、ting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner s 52.expectations.For Jessica, that means 53.sending plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house 54.clean and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. You want to make the homeowner feel that they made

38、the right 55.decision, ” she says.51. A.success B. Survival C. growth D. unemployment 答案A解析 success 成功；survival 幸存；growth 成长；unemployment 失业。 根据语境，尤其是后面的 “.in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner s 52.expectations” 所表达的语气， 可推 测这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高。技法四析逻辑，索答案语篇是由一些意义

39、相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中，体现作者 的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。完形填空中的任何一道 题该选哪个选项，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就 是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由已知部分推断 出未知部分，做出符合逻辑的判断。本文第10题可根据对立关系解题。 下面是完形填空中主要考查的七大逻辑关系：对立关系对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but, however, yet（然而,但是）,on the contrary（相反），by contrast（相比之下）

40、, unfortunately, although, even though, while（虽然； 然而），nevertheless（然 而，不过），whereas（然而），in spite of（尽管），regardless of（不管，不顾）， anyhow, after all（毕竟），instead of（而不是），rather than（而不是），not.but., otherwise（否则），or else, to the opposite（对立面），compared with 等。真题体验1 （2022 全国乙）For a long time, this ineffective

41、hiding method was 44.interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”（自我中心的）creatures.But our 45.surprising research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.46. A.explainedB. Confirmed C. contradicted D. tested答案C_解析explain解释；confirm证实；contradict相矛盾；test测试。根据前 面的转折词Bu

42、t可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾。真题体验2 （2017 江苏）.He swore to himself to 39,avoid music, as he hated getting to school extra early.40 , one day, in the music class that was 41.part of his school s standard curriculum, he was playing idly（随意地）on the piano and found it 42.easy to pick out tunes.40. A .The ref oreB. H

43、owever C. Thus D. Moreover答案B解析 本空应用过渡词，后文提到他在随意地弹钢琴（playing idly on the piano）,由此可知他开始接触乐器了，与上文学成语意上的转折关系，! 此选however “可是”。therefore和thus表示因果关系;moreover表示 递进关系。并列和递进关系_并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and, even, or, neither.nor., not only.but （also）.,similarly 等。真题体验3 （2019 北京）The students who he s 15.driven have

44、 gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 16 call him“Grandpa” .16. A.even B. Ever C. once D. already答案 A解析 根据语境，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至（even） 亲切地叫他“爷爷”。真题体验4 （2022 全国甲）A ye

45、ar later, much to my 58.delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel（跪）down, nor did I 59 him to.That? s only for giving 6O.water to the dogs that brought us together.59. A.begB. Trust C. need D. aid答案C解析beg乞求；trust信任；need需要；aid帮助。由下文“That s only for giving

46、 6O.water to the dogsn可知，之前史蒂夫给作者的爱犬喂水这一 举动就足以拉近他们两人的关系，因此作者也不需要他下跪。此处nor表 示递进关系，意为“也不”。目的和因果关系目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because, for, since, as（因为）， thus（因此）,hence（因止匕），therefore, so, so.that, such.that, in order that, in case, consequently（因止匕），accordingly, due to, thanks to, on account of（由 于，因为），because

47、 of, seeing that（由于，因为），in that（因为），now that, as a result, for this reason 等。真题体验5 （2021 浙江）My mother was so 51.touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier（“攵车艮员）a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 52 the same happened to someone else if they didn t have enoug

48、h 53.money for all of their groceries.52. A.in caseB. even if C. as though D. so that答案A解析in case以防万一；even if即使；as though好像；so that以便。根 据语境可知，受到陌生女士的启发，作者的母亲决定在收银台放5美元， 以防别人也遇到类似的情况。条件关系条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if, unless, whether, supposing, on condition that, provided that, depending on 等。经典体验6As you mark off another “Earth Day“ in your calendars, content that for at least 24 hours I r