语法专题九 非谓语动词【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通(教师版).docx
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1、语法专题九、非谓语动词(必考)田考点精讲非谓语动词,是指在句子中不能做谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词 和过去分词)。现在分词用于进行时,过去分词用于现在完成时和被动语态。初中阶段主要 考查不定式和动名词,本文就讲解这两大考点。分词详见后面的时态和语态专题。考点1:不定式to do (中考必考)定义和用法:不定式to可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾补、状语(表目的)、定语(to放后修 饰前面的名代)。常考点就是to do做宾语或宾补,哪些动词后加to do,背下面的搭配。 后面常用动词不定式作宾语的搭配有:would like to do sth(乐意做某事)want to do
2、sth (想要做某事)decide to do sth (决定做某事)plan to do sth (计戈U做某事)begin / start to do sth(开始做某事)Try to do sth (设法做某事)pretend to do sth(假装做某事)hope to do sth (希望做某事)agree to do sth (同意做某事)learn to do sth (学会做某事)need to do sth (需要做某事)promise to do sth(答应做某事)refuse to do sth (拒绝做某事)used to do sth(过去常做某事)afford
3、to do sth(负担得起做某事)后面常用动词不定式作宾补的搭配有:ask sb. to do sth.(叫某人做某事)tell sb. to do sth.(告诉某人做某事)allow sb. to do sth.(允许某人做某事)wish sb to do sth(希望做某事)want sb. to do sth.(想要某人做某事)advise sb to do sth(建议某人做某事)invite sb. to do sth.(邀请某人做某事)expect sb to do sth(期待某人做某事)Encourage sb to do sth (鼓励某人做某事)Teach sb to
4、do sth(教某人做某事)考点2省略to的动词不定式(1)使役动词和感官动词,动词不定式做宾补时,主动语态时不定式省“t。二被动语态时要补回to”,这点详见被动语态专题。下面我们识记一些常见搭配:make sb. do sth.使某人做某事see sb. do / doing sth看见某人做/正做某事let sb. do sth.让某人做某事watch sb do / doing sth观看某人做/正做某事【解析】句意:你是多么的善良啊!你总是尽你所能的去帮助别人。whatyoucan作do 的宾语,结合句意可知,空处应用不定式作目的状语。故选D。29. (2016重庆市历年真题)You
5、should ask Bob his own clothes. He is ten yearsold now.A. washB. washesC. washingD. to wash【答案】D【解析】句意:你应该让Bob洗他自己的衣服。现在他已经十岁了。根据空格前的关键 词ask Bob,再结合选项可知,此处意为“让Bob洗他自己的衣服”,ask sb. to do sth. 为固定搭配,意为“要求某人做某事”。故选D。30. (2015四川省资阳市历年真题)We stopped, but there was not any sound.A. to listenB. listensC. lis
6、tenD. listening【答案】A【解析】句意:我们停下来听,但是没有任何声音。stop to do sth停下来去做某事;stop doing sth停止做某事,根据后面一句“没有任何声音”,可以推测出前一句为“我们停 下来听,应选to listen,故选:Ao31. (2014贵州省安顺市历年真题)1 saw some boy students basketball when Ipassed the playground.A. playedB. playsC. playingD. to play【答案】C【解析】句意:当我经过操场时,我看见一些男学生正在打篮球。see sb. doi
7、ng sth.看见 某人正在做某事,固定搭配,所以设空处要用现在分词做宾补。故选C。32. (2021 河南省南阳市期末考试)一Dad, why must I stop computer games?一For your health, my boy.A. playB. to playC. to playing D. playing【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一一爸爸,为什么我必须停止玩电脑游戏?一一为了你的健康,我的孩子。Stop doing sth后面接动名词表示停止正在做的动作;stop to do sth接不定式表示停下来去做另一件事情。结合语境可知,这里应该用playing
8、,表示停止 玩电脑游戏。故选D。33. (2014重庆市历年真题)The little girl was crying because her mother didn*t allow her the ice-cream.A. eatB. eatsC. to eatD. ate【答案】C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:这个小女孩正在哭,因为她的妈妈不允许她吃冰淇淋。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事,固定搭配。故选C。34. (2014江苏省南京市历年真题)一Simon, what do I need to take for the hiking?一Youd better mo
9、re water than usual. Its hot today.A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. took【答案】B【解析】句意:一一西蒙,为了徒步旅行我需要带什么?一一你最好比平常多带些水。 今天非常热。had better do sth.最好做某事,固定搭配,故选B。35. (2016山东省济宁市历年真题)The show was so funny that it made everyoneagain and again.A. laughB. laughedC. laughingD. to laugh【答案】A【解析】句意:这场表演太有趣了,大家都笑了一次又一
10、次。make sb. do sth.表示“让 某人做某事”。故选A。36. (2014-海南省海口市历年真题)1 hope everyone can care about the environment and stop things.A. protecting; wastingB. protecting; to wasteC. protect; wastingD. protect; to waste【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。care about中about是介词,后面接名词或者动名词作宾语, 排除了选项C和D; stop doing表示停止做此事,stop to do表示停下来去做此
11、事,这句话的意思是“我希望每个人能注意保护环境并且停止浪费东西”。故选A。37. (2023河北省保定市期末考试)1 tried to make the baby by singing, and thatworked well at last.A. to stop to cry B. to stop crying C. stop to cry D. stop crying【答案】D【解析】句意:我尝试着通过唱歌的形式让宝宝停止哭泣,最后这种办法奏效了。根据 make the baby,可知此处考查make的用法(make sb do使某人做某事),故其后的 stop应该用原形形式。根据stop
12、的用法:stop to do停下来去做某事(停下正在做的事 去做另外的事);stop doing停止做某事(停止正在做的事),根据题干含义,可知是 想通过唱歌的形式让孩子停止哭泣,故应该用stop doing,故选D。38. (2023天津市市辖区期末考试)一Please stay with me this weekend.一Im sorry, but my father and I planned Beijing a long time ago.A. visitB. visitingC. to visitD. visited【答案】C【解析】句意:一一这个周末请留在我身边。一一对不起,很久以
13、前我和父亲就计划去 北京玩了。plan to do sth.计划做某事,固定搭配。故选C。39. (2023广西壮族自治区单元测试)一Would you likea film w汕 us tonight?-Sorry, I have to help my mother do housework.A. seeB. to seeC. seeingD. to seeing【答案】B【解析】句意:一一你今晚想和我们一起看电影吗?一一对不起,我必须帮妈妈做家务。 would like to do sth想做某事,固定短语。故选B。40.(2015- 江苏省宿迁市历年真题 )1 heard Tomwhen
14、 I walked past his room yesterday.A. singB. singingC. to singD. sang【答案】B【解析】句意:当我昨天走过Tom的房间的时候,我听到他正在唱歌。根据I heard Tom when I walked past his room yesterday 可知本句考查了 hear 的用法,hear sb doing sth听到某人正在某事,hear sb do sth听到某人做了某事。再根据 when I walked past his room yesterday可知当我昨天走过Tom的房间的时候,他应该是 正在唱歌,所以这里用hea
15、r sb doing sth听到某人正在某事。故选B。41. (2014广西壮族自治区贵港市历年真题)If you want to learn English well, you should practice it as often as you can.A. speakB. to speakC. speakingD. speaks【答案】C【解析】根据句中关键词practice可知,固定短语practice doing sth.练习做某事,故选 C.如果你想把英语学好,你应当尽可能经常的练习。动名词是考试的重点,动名词经 常作句子的主语,固定单词及介词之后。42. (2015-重庆市历年真
16、题)1 will try my best to stop my son from the same mistake.A. makeB. madeC. makesD. making【答案】D【解析】句意:我要尽力阻止我的儿子犯同样的错误。stop-from doing stho意为”阻 止做某事,from为介词,后用动名词。再根据此题的句意可知,要阻止儿子犯错。 故选D。43. (2022云南省文山壮族苗族自治州期末考试)一What a heavy rain!一So it is. I prefer rather than on such a rainy day.A. staying at hom
17、e; go outB. to stay at home; go outC. going out; stay at homeD. to go out; stay at home【答案】B【解析】句意:一一多大的雨啊!一一确实是这样。在这样的雨天,我宁愿呆在家里, 也不愿意出去。prefer to do rather than do宁愿做而不愿做。根据句意,故选B。44. (2014江苏省扬州市历年真题)一Some children can*t afford dictionaries.一Lets donate our pocket money to them.【答案】c【解析】根据Some chi
18、ldren cant afford dictionaries。可知一些孩子买不起字典。这里考查cant afford to do sth负担不起做某事。故选C。些孩子买不起字典。让我们把我们的零花钱捐给他们吧。本题考查了动词不定式的用法。不定式是中考的必考考点。动词不定式在句子中可以做 主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,宾语补足语等等,解答时应注意正确使用动词不定式。45. (2014-四)I省泸州市历年真题)Please rememberyour notebook here tomorrow.A. bringsB. broughtC. bringingD. to bring【答案】D【解析】re
19、memberto do sth记得去做某事;remember doing sth记得做过某事;根据时间 状语tomorrow可知,是记得去做某事,故选D。46. (2015上海市历年真题)My friend invited me the art club, and I accepted it withpleasure.A. joinB. to joinC. joinedD. joining【答案】B【解析】句意:我的朋友邀请我加入美术俱乐部,我愉快地接受了。本题考查非谓语动 词。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。故答案为B项。47. (2014天津市历年真题)When
20、you leave, please turn off the light energy.A. saveB. savingC. savedD. to save【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:当你离开时,为了节约能量,请关上灯。结合句意,节约能 量是表示目的,故用动词不定式做目的状语,故选D。48. (2015辽宁省丹东市历年真题)一Oh, its too difficult for me the work insuch a short time.一Anything is possible if you put your heart into it.A. finishB. finishingC.
21、 finishedD. to finish【答案】D【解析】句意:一一哦,对我来说在这么短的时间内完成这项工作太难了。一一如果你 用心去做,一切都是有可能的。此题目是考查的让作形式主语的用法,不定式是真正的 主语。句式一般是:1理+形容词+forsb+todosth对某人来说做某事是,故选D。49. (2014江苏省镇江市,历年真题)Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money poor young girls return to school.A. to saveB. savingC. helpingD. to help【答案
22、】D【解析】本句话是一个含有定语从句的句子,这里的todo不定式,是表示目的,故选 Do春蕾计划是一个筹钱来帮助那些贫穷的女孩们返回学校的组织。动词的基本用法是 作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。非谓 语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing: doing 3、动词的过去分词:done, 在解决此类题目时,一定要找出动词的位置,再就是熟记一些固定搭配。50. (2016-湖北省孝感市历年真题)When you are tired,in the countryside is a wonderful experience.A. relaxin
23、gB. relaxedC. relaxD. relaxes【答案】A【解析】句意:当你累的时候,去乡下放松时一种很美好的经历。本题考查非谓语动词的用 法。根据语境推测句意是“当你累了的时候,去乡下放松是一种很美好的经历”由于设空处 单词在句子中做主语,所以用动名词形式,故选A。have sb. do sth.请某人做某事find sb do / doing sth.发现某人做/正做某事had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事Hear sb do / doing sth.听见某人做/正做某事prefer to do rather than do sth.宁愿.而不愿wou
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