2022年人教版选修九Unit2《Sailingtheoceans》word教案2 .pdf

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1、名师精编优秀教案英语： Unit2Sailing the oceans 教案（ 2） （新人教版选修 9）Part One: Teaching Design Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (SAILING THE OCEANS) Aims To help students read about sailing the oceans To help students learn about the predicate Procedures Warming up by leaning about navigator What is a nav

2、igator? A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigators responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazard

3、s or obstacles are avoided. What is exploration? Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e.g. of unknown regions, including space (space exploration), or oil, gas, coal, ores, water (also known as prospecting), or information. Exploration has existed as long as

4、 human beings, but its peak is seen as being during the Age of Exploration when European navigators travelled around the world. In scientific research, exploration is one of three purposes of research (the other two being description and explanation). Exploration is the attempt to develop an initial

5、, rough understanding of some phenomenon. Warming up by talking about Zheng Hes Seven Voyages In July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage. In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by

6、a huge entourage of 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师精编优秀教案nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations. H

7、e was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbusfamous exploits. Warming up by looking and listeningHello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo. Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on

8、the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of Chi

9、na and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue. I. Pre-reading What are navigational instruments? Navigational instruments were built in the age of exploration to guide the explorers to their destinations. navigational instrument - an instrument used for navigating artificial

10、 horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides an artificial horizon for the pilot compass - navigational instrument for finding directions depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or ra

11、dar) inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo

12、of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging; asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committee II. Reading for forms Read the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - -

13、- - - -第 2 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师精编优秀教案thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. SAILING THE OCEANS We may well wonder/ how seamen explored the oceans/ before latitude /and longitude made it possible /to plot a ships position/

14、on a mapThe voyages of travelers/ before the 17th century /show that /they were not at the mercy of the sea /even though they did not have modern navigational aids So/ how did they navigate so well? Read these pages/ from an encyclopedia Page l：Using nature to help Keeping alongside the coastline Th

15、is seems to have been the first /and most useful form of exploration /which carried the minimum amount of risk Using celestial bodies North Star At the North Pole /the North Star is at its highest position /in the sky, but at the equator /it is along the horizonSo /accomplished navigators were able

16、to use it /to plot their positions Sun On a clear day /especially during the summer/ the sailors could use the sun /overhead /at midday to navigate byThey can use the height of the sun /to work out their latitude Clouds Sea captains observed the clouds /over islands. There is a special cloud formati

17、on /which indicates /there is land/ close by. Using wildlife Seaweed Sailors often saw seaweed/ in the sea /and could tell /by the colour /and smell/ how long it had been thereIf it was flesh /and smelled strongly ，then /the ship was close to landBirds Sea birds could be used to show the way/ to lan

18、d /when it was nowhere to be seen In the evening /nesting birds return to land /and their nestsSo /seamen could follow the birds /to land /even if 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师精编优秀教案they were offshore/ and in the open seaUsing

19、the weather Fog Fog gathers at sea /as well as over streams /or riversSeamen used it /to help identify the position of a stream /or river /when they were close to land Winds Wise seamen used the winds/ to direct their sailing They could accelerate the speed ，but they could also be dangerousSo /the V

20、ikings would observe the winds /before /and during their outward /or return journeys Using the sea Certain tides/ and currents could be used /by skillful sailors /to carry ships/ to their destination. These skills helped sailors/ explore the seas/ and discover new lands They increased their ability/

21、 to navigate new seas/ when they used instrumentspage 2: Using navigational instruments to help Finding longitude There was no secure method of measuring longitude /until the 17th century/ when the British solved this theoretical problem Nobody knew that /the earth moved westwards/ 15 degrees/ every

22、 hour, but sailors did know an approximate method of calculating longitude /using speed /and timeAn early method of measuring speed/ involved throwing a knotted rope/ tied to a log /over the side of the shipThe rope was tied to a log /which was then/ thrown into the sea As the ship advanced through

23、the water /the knots were counted/ as they passed through a seaman s handsThe number of knots/ that were counted /during a fixed period of time/ gave the speed of the ship/ in nautical miles /per hourLater, when seamen began to use the compass /in the 12th century /they could calculate longitude /us

24、ing complicated mathematical tablesThe compass has a special magnetic pointer /which always indicates the North Pole，so/ it is used to help find the direction /that the ship needs to go In this way /the ship could set a straight course /even in the middle of the oceanFinding latitude 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载

25、 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师精编优秀教案The Bearing Circle It was the first instrument /to measure the suns position A seaman would measure the sun s shadow/ and compare it /with the height of the sun/ at midday Then/ he could tell if he was saili

26、ng on his correct/ rather than a random course. The Astrolabe The astrolabe, quadrant/ and sextant are all connected. They are developments /of one anotherThe earliest，the astrolabe，was a special all-in-one tool /for telling the position of the ship/ in relation to the sun/ and various stars /which

27、covered the whole skyThis gave the seamen /the local time /and allowed them /to find their latitude/ at seaHowever, it was awkward/ to use /as one of the points of reference/ was the moving ship itself The Quadrant This was a more precise/ and simplified version of the astrolabe It measured how high

28、 stars were above the horizon /using a quarter circle/ rather than the full circle of the astrolabe It was easier to handle /because it was more portableIts shortcoming was that it still used the moving ship /as one of the fixed points of referenceAs the ship rose /and plunged /in the waves ，it was

29、extremely difficult /to be accurate /with any reading The sextant The sextant was the updated version /of the astrolabe /and quadrant/ which reduced the tendency/ to make mistakesIt proved to be the most accurate /and reliable of these early navigational instrumentsIt works by measuring the angle /b

30、etween two fixed objects /outside the ship/ using two mirrors This made the calculations more precise /and easier to doIII. Copying useful expressions and making sentences You are going to copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them. sail the oceans, exp

31、lore the oceans, plot a ships position on a map, the voyages of travelers, before the 17th century, at the mercy of, have modern navigational aids, read these pages from an encyclopedia use nature to help, keep alongside the coastline, seem to have been , the first and most useful 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 -

32、- - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师精编优秀教案form of exploration, carry the minimum amount of risk use celestial bodies, North Star, at the North Pole, at its highest position in the sky, at the equator, along the horizon, accomplished navigators, be able

33、 to use to plot their positions, on a clear day, during the summer, use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by, use the height of the sun to work out their latitude, observe the clouds over islands, a special cloud formation, land close by use wildlife, see seaweed in the sea, tell by the colour

34、and smell, flesh and smelled strongly，close to land, use sea birds to show the way to land, in the evening, nesting birds, return to land and their nests, follow the birds to land, in the open sea use weather, gather at sea, as well as over streams or rivers, identify the position of a stream or riv

35、er, close to land, use the winds to direct one s sailing, accelerate the speed, observe the winds, before and during ones outward or return journeysuse the sea, carry ships to their destination, explore the seas, discover new lands, increase their ability to navigate new seas, use instruments use na

36、vigational instruments to help , find longitude, secure method of measuring longitude, solve this theoretical problem, move westwards, 15 degrees every hour, method of calculating longitude, use speed and time, method of measuring speed, tie to , over the side of the ship, throw into , advance throu

37、gh the water, pass through , during a fixed period of time, give the speed of , in nautical miles per hour, use the compass, use complicated mathematical tables, have a special magnetic pointer, indicate the North Pole, find the direction, in this way, set a straight course, in the middle of the oce

38、an find latitude, the Bearing Circle, measure the suns position, measure the sun s shadow, compare with , the height of the sun at midday, sail on , rather than a random coursea special all-in- one tool for telling the position of the ship, in relation to , give sb the local time, find ones latitude

39、 at sea, use as one of the points of reference, a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe, above the horizon, use a quarter circle, use the moving ship as one of the fixed points of reference, plunge in the waves ，the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant, reduce the tendency, m

40、ake mistakes, the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments, work by measuring the angle IV. Transforming information 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师精编优秀教案Next you are going to read the text again to comp

41、lete the chart below. SAILING THE OCEANS Using nature to help keeping alongside the coastline Using navigational instruments to helpUsing celestial bodies: North Star; Sun; Clouds finding longitudeUsing wildlife: Seaweed; BirdsFinding latitude: The Bearing Circle; The Astrolabe; The Quadrant; The se

42、xtant Using the weathe r: Fog; Winds Using the seaV. Closing down by reading more about sailing the oceans Sailing the oceans For thousands of years, people have been sailing across the oceans and around the world. Knowledge of ocean currents and wind patterns has allowed people to reliably reach th

43、eir destinations even after crossing huge expanses of open ocean. In this photograph, a sailboat uses wind and currents to move among the islands of Micronesia. Before modern navigational techniques were developed, navigators in the South Pacific relied on stick charts to indicate island locations r

44、elative to winds and currents. Today, racing sailboats is a sport, and teams test their skills by racing around the world. Navigation now relies on satellites, but knowledge of wind patterns, ocean currents, and potential obstacles in unfamiliar waters is still essential for sailing. In this investi

45、gation, youll plot a course for racing around the world in a sailboat. Youll explore some of the obstacles you might encounter on your route; then youll have the opportunity to revise your route to improve your speed. Additional Materials Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blank

46、. While sailing the _1_we may make use of both the nature _2_ the navigational 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师精编优秀教案instruments to help. By making use of the _3_ to help, it is meant that we could either _4_ alongside the coastli

47、ne, _5_use celestial bodies like the north star, the sun and the clouds, _6_ use wildlife such as seaweed, birds, _7_ use the weather such as fog and winds, _8_ use the sea. By using _9_ instruments to help it is meant _10_ we could manage to sail either by finding longitude _11_by finding latitude

48、by means of the Bearing Circle, the Astrolabe, the Quadrant _12_ the Sextant. (Key: 1.oceans 2.and 3.nature 4.keep 5.or 6.or 7.or 8.or 9.navigational 10.that 11.or 12.and ) Comprehension questions 1. What is the main topic of this passage? A. The voyages of the travelers before the 17th century B. H

49、ow to plot a ship s position on a mapC. How did ancient men navigate so well D. Use nature to aid navigation 2. Ancient navigators use navigational instruments to help them A. find celestial bodies. B. predict the weather. C. explore the sea. D. find latitude 3. The author of the passage implies tha

50、t the ancient navigators were A. hard-working. B. brave. C. intelligent. D. energetic 4. According to the passage, A. the ancient accomplished navigators were able to use South Star to plot their positions B. Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen C. Wise seam