博士后选择的10个基本原则.docx

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1、1. 选择自己感爱好的方向2. 2.选责适合你工作和生活方式的试验室3. 3.选择能够学到新技能的讨论组4. 4.有备份的方案，考虑至少做一主一副两个项目5. 5.选择有明显成果的项目6. 6.开头之前，就跟将来的老板确定第一作者的归属问题7. 7.时间的考虑。Postdoc是一个过度期，长短随人，随job market的变化而变，去 一个有funding保证的组可以令你有更多回旋的余地8. 8.考虑个人进展前景9. 9.努力争取你自己的讨论资金。10. 10.学会发觉机遇11. Ten Simple Rules for Selecting a Postdoctoral Positionwod

2、ehongqi 发表 于:2007-1-04 17:00来源：考博网12. Philip E. Bourne*, Iddo Friedberg6、official transcript官方成果单(讨论生，博士生以后的成果)，必需是有官方封印的(sealed)。有的学校要 求直接寄到指定地址。7、application form填写学校的申请表格，有些学校没有表格。8、ph.d. dissertation最好寄上你的博士论文。假如是中文的，至少供应英文的简介(english abstract).9、dissertation advisor假如你的博导是牛人的话，可供应他们的CVO10、 ph.d

3、. degree certificate假如在申请时你还没有拿到博士，你的学校必需出具证明，证明你将于何时拿到学位。原则是你必需在赴美前具备博士学位。11、meet the deadline材料必需在截止日期前寄到。博士后的工资依据各个学校、专业、所在州的生活水准有所不同，一般在$25,000 to $65,000。13.14. Published: November 24, 200615. Copyright: 2006 Bourne and Friedberg. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of th

4、e Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.16. Philip E. Bourne is a professor in the Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,

5、United States of America/ and is Editor-in-Chief of PLoS Computational Biology. Iddo Friedberg is a research assistant in the Bioinformatics and Systems Biology program at the Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America.17. * To whom correspondence should b

6、e addressed. E-mail:18. You are a PhD candidate and your thesis defense is already in sight. You have decided you would like to continue with a postdoctoral position rather than moving into industry as the next step in your career (that decision should be the subject of another Ten Simple Rules ). F

7、urther, you already have ideas for the type of research you wish to pursue and perhaps some ideas for specific projects.Here are ten simple rules to help you make the best decisions on a research project and the laboratory in which to carry it out.19. Rule 1: Select a Position that Excites You20. If

8、 you find the position boring, you will not do your best workbelieve usz the salary will not be what motivates you, it will be the science. Discuss the position fully with your proposed mentor, review the literature on the proposed project and discuss it with others to get a balanced view. Try and e

9、valuate what will be published during the process of your research. Being scooped during a postdoc can be a big setback. Just because the mentor is excited about the project does not mean you that will be six months into it.21. Rule 2: Select a Laboratory That Suits Your Work and Lifestyle22. If at

10、all possible, visit the laboratory before making a decision. Laboratories vary widely in scope and size. Think about how you like to work一as part of a team, individually, with little supervision, with significant supervision (remembering that this is part of your training where you are supposed to b

11、e becoming independent), etc. Talk to other graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in the laboratory and determine the work style of the laboratory. Also, your best work is going to be done when you are happiest with the rest of your life. Does the location of the laboratory and the surrounding

12、environment satisfy your nonwork interests?23. Rule 3: Select a Laboratory and a Project That Develop New Skills24. Maximizing your versatility increases your marketability. Balance this against the need to ultimately be recognized for a particular set of contributions. Avoid strictly continuing the

13、 work you did in graduate school. A postdoctoral position is an extension of your graduate training; maximize your gain in knowledge and experience. Think very carefully before extending your graduate work into a postdoc in the same laboratory where you are now一to some professionals this raises a re

14、d flag when they look at your resume. Almost never does it maximize your gain of knowledge and experience, but that can be offset by rapid and important publications.25. Rule 4: Have a Backup Plan26. Do not be afraid to take risks, although keep in mind that pursuing a risky project does not mean it

15、 should be unrealistic: carefully research and plan your project. Even then, the most researched, well-thought-out, and well-planned project may fizzle; research is like that. Then what? Do you have a backup plan? Consider working on at least two projects. One to which you devote most of your time a

16、nd energy and the second as a fallback. The second project should be more of the Hbread and butter type, guaranteed to generate good (if not exciting) results no matter what happens. This contradicts Rule L but that is allowed for a backup plan. For as we see in Rule 5, you need tangible outcomes.29

17、. That Match Your Career GoalsFor a future in academia, the most tangible outcomes are publications, followed by more publications. Does the laboratory you are entering have a track record in producing high-quality publications? Is your future mentor well-respected and recognized by the community? T

18、alk to postdocs who have left the laboratory and find out. If the mentor is young, does s/he have the promise of providing those outcomes? Strive to have at least one quality publication per year.30. Rule 6: Negotiate First Authorship before You Start31. The average number of authors on a paper has

19、continued to rise over the years: a sign that science continues to become more collaborative. This is good for science, but how does it impact your career prospects? Think of it this way. If you are not the first author on a paper, your contribution is viewed as 1/n where n is the number of authors.

20、 Journals such as this one try to document each authors contributions; this is a relatively new concept, and few people pay any attention to it. Have an understanding with your mentor on your likelihood of first authorship before you start a project. It is best to tackle this problem early during th

21、e interview process and to achieve an understanding; this prevents conflicts and disappointments later on. Dont be shy about speaking frankly on this issue. This is particularly important when you are joining an ongoing study.32. Rule 7: The Time in a Postdoctoral Fellowship Should Be Finite33. Ment

22、ors favor postdocs second only to students. Why? Postdocs are second only to students in providing a talented labor pool for the least possible cost. If you are good, your mentor may want you to postdoc for a long period. Three years in any postdoc is probably enough. Three years often corresponds t

23、o the length of a grant that pays the postdoctoral fellowship, so the grant may define the duration. Definitely find out about the source and duration of funding before accepting a position. Be very wary about accepting one-year appointments. Be aware that the length of a postdoc will likely be gove

24、rned by the prevailing job market. When the job market is good, assistant professorships and suitable positions in industry will mean you can transition early to the next stage of your career. Since the job market even a year out is unpredictable, having at least the option of a three-year postdoc f

25、ellowship is desirable.34. Rule 8: Evaluate the Growth Path35. Many independent researchers continue the research they started during their postdoc well into their first years as assistant professors, and they may continue the same line of work in industry, too. When researching the field you are ab

26、out to enter, consider how much has been done already, how much you can contribute in your postdoc, and whether you could take it with you after your postdoc. This should be discussed with your mentor as part of an ongoing open dialog, since in the future you may be competing against your mentor. A

27、good mentor will understand, as should you, that your horizon is independence一your own future lab, as a group leader, etc.37. The ease of getting a postdoc is correlated with the amount of independent research monies available. When grants are hard to get, so are postdocs. Entering a position with y

28、our own financing gives you a level of independence and an important extra line on your resume. This requires forward thinking, since most sources of funding come from a joint application with the person who will mentor you as a postdoc. Few graduate students think about applying for postdoctoral fe

29、llowships in a timely way. Even if you do not apply for funding early, it remains an attractive option/ even after your postdoc has started with a different funding source. Choosing one to two potential mentors and writing a grant at least a year before you will graduate is recommended.38. Rule 10:

30、Learn to Recognize Opportunities39. New areas of science emerge and become hot very quickly. Getting involved in an area early on has advantages, since you will be more easily recognized. Consider a laboratory and mentor that have a track record in pioneering new areas or at least the promise to do

31、so.40. Acknowledgments41. The authors would like to thank Mickey Kosloff for helpful discussions.申请博士后的过程和申请博士有所不同，一般博士后的申请不需要toefl或gre成果。 除了美国高校能供应博士后申请外，许多讨论所，我国试验室甚至大公司的试验室都供应 博士后的position。由于支持博士后的funding来源不同，有的position只面对us citizenor permanent resident (green card holder) 0如何知道 post-doctor 的 pos

32、ition ?1、通过博导通常你的导师或所在高校、讨论所/会和美国高校有学术上的沟通；你可以通过这些途 径或人际交往打听是否有博士后的position ,美国有些高校甚至会在国内的院校发广告。2、通过套词假如你在学术讨论或论文中常常reference某些教授的论文著作，你也可给他们写信, 询问他们的试验室是否有博士后的position。3、通过查询查询自己感爱好的学校网址，一般博士后的position及申请要求都会登在网上。相关 国际学术性杂志也会刊登招收博士后的广告，例如nature等。4、通过你在美国的学长或伴侣打听。5、托付中介为你办理。和申请博士一样，各个学校博士后的申请要求也有所区分

33、，甚至各个系里都有所不同。以下是一些基本的申请要求，仅作参考。具体要求需依据各个学校的instructions.1、cover letter一般应包括你的姓名、地址、电话、e-mail及特别简洁地陈述你的背景，要申请的 position及排列你在申请中所包括的材料。2、curriculum vita你的学术简历必需特别具体，重点突出讨论生以后的经受，你所参与的学术会议，讨 论项目，论文及学术报告等等，你可能还需要列出你的推举人的名字，职位和 e-mail(references)0美国许多教授的cv象一本书。3、recommendation letters一般需要三封推举信。推举信大多要求直接由

34、教授寄到指定地址。4、personal statement z research statement and/or research proposal一般学校都会要求以上其中之一或全部的文书。在这些文书中，你需要表明自己的背 景(background),讨论成果(academic achievements),爰好(research interests),讨论 方向和提议(research plans) 及目标(research and career goals)o5、papers or publications供应论文的复印件(hard copies)或电子复印件(electronic copies),一般会要求二到三篇。