(完整版)英语句子成分与结构.pdf

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1、英语句子成分及简单句型结构一、介绍与其重要性学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种。定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语二、英语句子成分分析解读找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are

2、 now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语

3、:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语由情态动词或助动词 +动词 ; He can speak English well. She doesn t seem to like dancing 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。及物动词 (vt.) ： 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。如：He reached Paris . 不及物动词（ vi. ）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加

4、上某个介词。如: Look! She is singing.Look at me carefully! 类似的还有： agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed. 易误用作及物动词的9 个不及物动词：误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on d

5、oing sth. 坚持要做某事误：knock the door 正： knock on at the door 敲门误：operate sb. 正： operate on sb. 为某人做手术误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考 )某物误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依赖）误：reply a letter 正： reply to a letter 回信精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - -

6、 - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - （四）表语精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - -

7、- - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - （八） 同位语summary精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - Exercises: 分析句子成分1.Time flies fast. 2.There will be a good meal for us at our aunt s.3.The rive rose ten feet in the

8、 night. 4.I heard him shout. 5.He bought some sweets for his son. 6.I prefer my coffee hot. 7.Don t worry about me; just take care of yourself.8.You can rely on him to do anything that is necessary. 9.A lot of noise is going on outside. 10.The little girl can dress herself now. 11.It was a pity that

9、 you didn t watch that wonderful match.12.I felt my heart beat rapidly. 13.Do you want to come to the party? 14.We should do something to help the students in difficulties. 15.How long have you worked in the hospital? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 17 页 -

10、- - - - - - - - - 三、英语简单句的构成基本句型：主语+系动词 +表语（主系表）主语+不及物动词 + （其他成分）主语+及物动词 + 宾语（主谓宾）主语+及物动词 + 间接宾语 +直接宾语主语+及物动词 + 宾语+宾补精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 17 页 - -

11、 - - - - - - - - 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 课堂练习：分析下列句子的句型结构1.You are a student. 2.He felt happy today. 3.What you said made me happy. 4.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? 5.After he finished his homew

12、ork, he went away. 6.He likes pop music. 7.I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. 8.Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend. 课后练习一、选择题。1. She tried hard, but she still couldnt make us _ our mind.A. to changeB.

13、 changedC. changeD. changing2. When the old lady is alone in the house, her dog makes her feel _ and relaxed.A. healthy B. lonely C. safe D. angry3. As Edison grew _, he never lost his interest in science.A. the elder B. elder C. the older D. older4. Its not polite to stand by and looked at the old

14、man _.A. is made fun of B. being made fun ofC. is made fun D. being made fun5. The old movie reminded them _ the wonderful time they had spent together. A. to B. for C. in D. of6. Id like to _ your essay with you when you have time.A. go over B. go by C. go for D. go after精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - -

15、 - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7. The report showed us very clearly how the plane got _ and crashed in the end.A. into control B. within controlC. out of control D. under control8. Most of the machines in the workshop _ next month. A. are repaired B. have b

16、een repairedC. were repaired D. will be repaired9. When applying for a job, you have to _ a resume. A. get off B. hand inC. put out D. take away10.The wine _ a little bitter this time. A. tastes B. sounds C. looks D. feels11. The boss told his secretary to _ the documents for later use.A. put away B

17、. turn on C. make up D. break out12. We should _ this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance.A. bear B. put C. place D. print13. If I work in a small factory; it is not _ for me to gain much experience.A. weekly B. friendly C. likely D. lively 14. The villagers have offered much help to us a

18、nd we think we should do something for them _.A. in return B. in place C. in fashion D. in danger15. According to the time table，the train for Beijing _at 9:10 p.m. from Monday to Friday.A. was leaving B. is leaving C. leaves D. has left16. _ is quite difficult for Mary to pass the interview.A. What

19、 B. This C. That D. It 17. Mr. Black is looking forward to _ his Chinese partner soon.A. seeing B. see C. be seeing D. have seen18. I tried hard, but I couldnt find the _ to the problem.A. solution B. help C. reply D. demand19. English, they have to study a second foreign language.A. Except B. Excep

20、t for C. Beside D. Besides20. She gave up her _ as a reporter at the age of 25. A. career B. interest C. life D. habit21. This morning when I was walking to my office, I _ to see an old friend of mine near the office building.A. occurred B. happened C. managed D. settled精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - -

21、 - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 22. _ writing a letter to the manager, he decided to talk to him in person.A. Due to B. Because of C. As for D. Instead of23. It will only take me a minute to get your watch fixed; it will be ready _. A. by the way B. right away

22、 C. at last D. in that case24. As far as Im concerned, I dont like _ in that way.A. to be treated B. to treat C. treated D. treating25. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find _difficult to succeed in language learning.A. them B. themselves C. it D. itself26. Only wh

23、en we hurried to the airport _the flight was cancelled. A. we found B. did we find C. have we found D. we have found27. This novel is worth reading, because it gives a detailed description of the historical _ in 1949.A. accidents B. cases C. events D. things28. _, a friend of Mrs. Black found the wa

24、tch she had lost two days before.A. Especially B. Usually C. Generally D. Fortunately29. The newspaper _ two people were killed in the accident. A. says B. talks C. calls D. asks30. He said, “I _ a lot of new words by the end of last year.”A. had already learnt B. would have already learntC. have al

25、ready learnt D. already learnt31. She told us briefly about how they succeeded in _ the new product. A. develop B. to develop C. developed D. developing32. The father was delighted to hear the child _ that.A. to say B. to have said C. say D. said 33. Its reported that the police are _ the area for t

26、he criminal.A. processing B. searching C. operating D. handling精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 34. The general manager sat there, _ to the report from each department.A. to listen B. listen C. being listened D. listening 35. The ma

27、nager showed the new employee _ to find the supplies. A. what B. where C. that D. which36. No one has been able to prove that fish is _ better for the brain than many other kinds of food.A. some B. so C. as D. any37. Mary found _ extremely difficult to pass the examination. A. it B. this C. that D.

28、What38. More and more Chinese people are _ wildlife conservation and environmental protection.A. certain of B. concerned about C. capable of D. crazy about39. We now know that about _ all the kinds of seaweed are animals.A. one fourth B. one fourth of C. one four of D. the one fourth40. Scientists c

29、ould see many things that most people would _ to see.A. feel B. fail C. fall D. fill41. The nurse took _ of my blood to test.A. an example B. an instance C. a case D. a sample42. Large and powerful, the atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases hundreds of miles .A. high B. higher C. highly D. height

30、43. The sales department was required to _ a plan in three weeks.A. turn up B. get up C. come up with D. put up with二、用所给词的正确形式填空：1. I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk) _ with his classmates.2. Although John was not experienced in business, he did it with (confident) _.3. There was a strange

31、r (stand) _ at the door.4. The main benefit of (work) _ with the company is the opportunity to travel abroad.5. It is well-known that sports will (strength) _ the friendship between nations.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 6. It was

32、 (luck) _indeed for Mr. Fox to have changed his flight and arrived (safe)_ _.7. Mark was a little upset, for the manager didnt allow him (take) _ his holiday the following week.8. . John went to town yesterday and had his computer (repair) _ there.9. In 1964, the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the fi

33、rst program _ (transmit) _ via satellite.10. Your hair needs _ (cut). It is too long.11. I have no choice but _ (wait).12. Did you have any difficulty (get) _ a visa to Britain?13. I asked him not (say) _ anything about our contract until the end of the month.14. That new film is worth (see) _ for t

34、he second time.15. She is well-known for her excellent (achieve) _ in her career.16. John went to town yesterday and had his computer (repair) _ there.17. In 1964, the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the first program (transmit) _ via satellite.18. Your hair needs _ (cut). It is too long.19. I have no

35、 choice but _ (wait).20. Did you have any difficulty (get) _ a visa to Britain?21. I asked him not (say) _ anything about our contract until the end of the month.22. That new film is worth (see) _ for the second time.23. She is well-known for her excellent (achieve) _ in her career.24.Some people do

36、 believe that smoking will (certain) _ cause lung cancer. 25. It is never too late for anyone (learn) _. 26. As far as I know, Lily can speak English _ (fluently) than any other student in her class.27. His wife was sure he would arrive on time. This (certain) _ made her rush to prepare the dinner.2

37、8. Yesterday they received a written (invite) _ to a dinner from Mr. Black.29. The more careful you are, the (well) _ you will be able to complete the work.30. I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk) _with his classmates.31. Im going to take the bus _ (save) money.32. We have to find new ways to

38、 (short) _the process of production.33. The new flexible working time system will enable the (employ) _ to 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - work more efficiently.34. The photos of Mars taken by satellites are (clear) _ than those ta

39、ken from earth.35. Going abroad to have a holiday will be an (excite) _experience for us.36. It is quite difficult for me (decide) _ who should be given the job.37. The secretary is so efficient that his boss thinks (high) _of him.38. The news was made (know) _ to the public at last.39. His efforts

40、to improve the sales of this product have been very (help) _ .40. The manager promised (get) _ me a position in his company.41. He is asked to (short) _ his report to one page.42. He wont let anyone else (visit) _ his sister.43. One can jump (high) _ on the moon than on the earth. 44. She was not ha

41、ppy because he had kept her (wait) _ for half an hour.45. Some young people got _ (marry) without even telling their parents or other family members.46. Please remember (lock) _ the door when you leave.47. The main benefit of (work) _ with the company is the opportunity to travel abroad. 48. To his

42、mothers relief, Tom had perfectly recovered from his (ill) _.49. When Jenny came to Britain, she had to get used to (drive) _ on the left.50. The manager insisted on (treat) _ as an ordinary employee.51. Do you know why people are unwilling(discuss) _insurance?52. No student is supposed (spend) _ so

43、 much money in school in a week.53. (Personal) _ think, he is a very nice partner ,though you may not agree.54. Everyone should be allowed to make a mistake without (punish) _ for it.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 答案15 CCDDD 6-10

44、ACDDA 11-15 AACAA 16 20 CAADA 21 25 BDBAC 26 30 BC DAA 31 35 DCBDBD 36 40 DABBB 1.talking 2.confidence 3. Standing 4.working 5.strengthen 6.lucky,safety 7. to take 8.having 9,.to be mailed 10.foreigner 11.excited 12.helpful 13.disappointed 14.to use 15.sitting 16.repaired 17.transmitted 18.cutting/t

45、o be cut 19.to wait 20.in getting 21. to say 22.seeing 23.achievements 24.certainly 25. to learn 26.more fluently 27. certainty 28.invitation 29.better 30.talking 31. to save 32. Shorten 33.employees 34.clearer 35.exciting 36. To decide 37. Highly 38.to be known 39.helpful 40.to get 41.shorten 42.visit 43.higher 44.waiting 45.married 46.to walk 47.working 48.illness 49.driving 50.being treated 51.to discuss 52.to spend 53. Personally 54.being punished 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - -