2022年人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识 .pdf

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1、Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech 直接引语和间接引语（）直接引语 (direct speech):直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内。间接引语 (indirect speech): 用自己的话转述别人的话。1.转述他人的陈述陈述句She said , “Im going to Beijing. ”She said that she was going to Beijing. 2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句He asked, “Are you a doctor?”He asked me if/whether I was a doctor. 3.转述他人的问题特殊

2、疑问句She asked, “What are you doing? ”She asked me what I was doing. 直接引语变成间接引语, 句子结构的变化陈述句用连词 that 引导 , that 在口语中常省略。 主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用 told来代替 , 注意, 可以说 said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接说told that 。He said, “I have been to Japan.”He said to us that he had been to Japan. She sai

3、d, “Ill give you an exam tomorrow. ”She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow. 陈述句解题步骤: “I dont like computers, ” Sarah said to her friends. Sarah said to her friends that (I dont like computers.) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - -

4、- - - She didnt Sarah said to her friends that she didn t like computers. 一般疑问句间接引语用连词whether 或 if 引导 , 原主句中谓语动词said 要改为 asked (me/him/us 等), 语序是陈述句的语序Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?”Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with English. He said, “You are interested in Engl

5、ish, arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English. 一般疑问句解题步骤: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ) It is easy to improve the condition of the soil. They asked him if (it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.) Asked is was They asked him if it was eas

6、y to improve the condition of the soil. 特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词, 主句的谓语动词用ask (sb.) 来表达 , 语序改为陈述句语精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 序。He said to me, “Where are you from? ”He asked me where I was from. He asked us, “How many factories are t

7、here in your country? ”He asked us how many factories there were in our country. 特殊疑问句解题步骤：When do you harvest the wheat? ( They asked him ) They asked him When you harvest the wheat （you harvest the wheat.) he Harvested They asked him when he harvested the wheat. 选择疑问句用 whether or表达 (不用 if/either o

8、r) He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?”He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese. I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot? ”I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 谓语动词时态变化需要注

9、意几点：1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变。The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ”The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效, 变间接引语时, 时态可不变。The children said, “We love this game.”The children told us th

10、at they love that game. 3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态, 在引述时 , 时态不变。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country. ”She says that shell never forget the days in the country. 在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化Driect speechIndirect speechSentencestructurestatementsay/tell sb. (that) +从句一般疑问句ask/wonder whether/if + 陈述句语序特殊疑

11、问句ask/wonder wh-word + 陈述句语序精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 1. 注意时态的变化2. 注意人称和指示代词变化3. 注意时间和地点的变化4. 注意个别趋向动词的变化精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - played football was pla

12、ying had played had played would play had played Attention: There are some cases in which we dont need to change the tense in indirect speech. When direct speech is about: a) a truth 真理He said he 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - b) a

13、timetable 时间表c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言 /引用语d) An adverbial indicating the past 过去的时间状语精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -