初中英语复习资料汇总.docx

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1、初中英语复习资料汇总一般现在时主要用于下面几情况：1）描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中,句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday, often , once a week （month , year, etco ）, sometimes , seldom , usually 等等,以表示句中的动作或 状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：They raise ducks as a sideline 0他们以养鸭为副业。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month.她不常给家里写信

2、，仅 一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day o我每天骑自行车上班。It seldom rains here o这儿很少下雨。2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进 行的状态。例如：He can speak five foreign languages o他能说五种夕卜语。That is a beautiful city 0那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河 流之一。Sh

3、e majors in music。她主修音乐。All my family love football o我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others .我妹妹总是乐于助人。3）陈述客观事实、客观真理。顾名思义，客观的情况是没有时间概念的；也”不会在意动作进行的状态。例如：The sun rises in the east 0日出东方。The earth goes around the sun o地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eighto十减二等于八。Light travels faster than sound o光

4、的速度比声音的速度快。动词不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词 的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为“to +动词 原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1 .具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2 .具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、 定语、表语及同位语等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点 以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结和分析，供同学们学习时参考。一、动词不定式作主语1.

5、 Its our dutythe room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)2. Its hard for us English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It willthe workers over a year the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4. Its very nice you to get me two tickets the World Cup.A. for, of B

6、. of , for C. to , for D. of , to(安徽省)Keys : 1. A 2. C 3. take , to , build 4. B简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词 it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(l)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is + 名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.It is + 形容 词(forsb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用 nice , kind , cl

7、ever, good , right, wrong , foolish , careless等形容词，与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式 (4)中常用hard , difficult, easy , important等形容词,与介词for搭配，表示不定式 表示的动作、行为的性质。二、动词不定式作宾语1. He wantssome vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys （山西省）2. Dont forget your homework with you when you come to school.A. to

8、 bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking （福建省）3. He found it very difficult.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep（湖南省）Keys : 1. C 2. A 3. D简析在 want, like z agree z hope z wish z learn , begin z start, seem z decide , hate , choose , forget z remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如 果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语

9、，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better thanbefore.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with （江苏省）2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked （甘肃省）Key : 1. B 2. C简析不定式可

10、以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, teach , expect z tell , allow 等。四、动词不定式作状语1. She wenther teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns （四川省）Key : 1. A2, C简析go , come , try , do/try ones best等动词

11、或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常 可以接不定式作目的状语。3. Im sorrythat.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear （河北省）4. Im sorry you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled （吉林省）5. My mother was very glad her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets （甘肃省）Keys : 3. D 4. B 5. A简析be +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式

12、。6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.（改为意思相同的句子）The holesuch a fat panda to go through.（广东省）7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnft skate on it.（改为意思相同 的句子）The ice on the lake wasnt enough people.Keys : 6. is , too , small z for 7. thick , for, to , skate , on简析在上

13、述too +形容词/副词（for sb）to do.（太.而不能）enough （for sb） to do（足以、足够做）结构中，不定式作结果状语。五、动词不定式作定语1. Would you like something?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks （湖北省）2.1 have a lot of homework.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do （河南省）3. He is not an easy man.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on

14、with （山东省）Key : 1. C 2. D 3. D简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关 系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语 动词相当于及物动词。六、不带t。的动词不定式1. We saw himthe building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered C可南省）2. So much work usually makes them very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling

15、D. feel （吉林省）3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up （陕西省）4.1 was made my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did （贵州省）Key : 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C简析L在see , watch , hear, feel等感官动词和make , have , let等使役动词 后

16、面作宾语补足语的不定式不带t。.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to（let 没有被动语态）。2.在had better后面接不带to的不定式。七、动词不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didnt jump D. not jump （广西壮族自治区）2. The old man told the child noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not （湖北省）3. There is going to an

17、 important meeting tomorrow. Please trylate.A. have , not to be B. have , not beC. be , not to be D. be , not be （内蒙古自治区）Key : 1.A2. B3, C简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to 的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1. Please stopa rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has （广

18、西壮族自治区）2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took （湖北省）3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write （湖北省）4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop（walk）.（用所给单词的

19、正确开乡式填 空）（四川省）Key : 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking简析一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下:stop to do sth 意为停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意为停止正在做的事： remember to do sth意为记住去做某事（事还未做）,remember doing sth意为记得 做过某事（事已做）：go on to d。sth意为接着做某事（做完一事，接着做另一事），g。on doing sth意为继续做某事（一事未做完接着往下做）:forget to do sth意为忘了做某事 （事还未做）

20、,forget doing sth意为忘了曾做过某事（事已做）。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly （福建省）6. A woman saw it when she was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen （黑龙江省）Key : 5. B 6. A简析在see , hear, watch , feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接 动词

21、的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程（动作已结束），用动词的-ing形 式表示动作正在进行（动作尚未结束）O九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes,. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to （浙江省）2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?. What time are we going to meet

22、?A. No, I cant B. Yes, Im glad C. Yes, Id love to D. Id like （大连市）Keys : 1. D 2. C简析在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词 不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于be glad to /would like （love） to, have to等结构中。十、动词不定式的被动式和其他形式The new hospital is near the factory.A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built （青海省）Key :

23、D简析当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者（宾语）时，用动词不定式的被 动式，即：to be +过去分词;如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不 定式用完成式，即：to have +过去分词;如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时 发生，用不定式的进行式，即：to be +现在分词比较and和or1）并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2）但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：There is no air or water in the moonoThere is no air and no water on the moono在否定中并

24、列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此 要用ando典型例题-I dont like chicken fish.-I dont like chicken, I like fish very muchoA. and ; and B. and ; but C. or; but D. or; and答案Co否定句中表并列用or, but表转折。判断改错：（错）We will die without air and water0（错）We cant live without air or watero（对）We will die without air or watero（

25、又寸）We cant live without air and watero单词及词组分组辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数,cloth 指布,为不可数名词clothing服装的总称指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident 指小事件,accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词 a number of stud

26、ents4. family, house, homehome家,包括住处和家人,house房子，住宅，family家庭成员。My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片，图片,电影片，drawing画的画Lets go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabula

27、ry词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人数，people 具体的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather 一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径take this road;

28、 in the street, Show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course12. custom, habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do , habit生活习惯，习惯成自 然，后接of doing.Fve got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth , reason用来解释 某种

29、现象或结果的理由,后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数）,exercises练习（可数）,practice（反复做的）练习。Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作课解时，两者可以替换。指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class. Lesson 6; Class 516. speech, talk, lecture speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说, talk日常生活

30、中的一般的谈话，讲话ecture学术性的演讲,讲课a series of lecture on .17. officer, officialofficer 部队的军官,official 政府官员 an army officer18. workjob二者均指工作。work不可数Job可数a good jobo19. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体, land

31、 国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook 厨师，cooker 厨具 He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage不可数名词，损害，损失;damages复数形式，赔偿金$900 damages23. police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察The police are questioningeveryone in the house.24. problem, questionproblem常和困难连

32、系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise , question常和 疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用。25. man, a manman 人类，a man 一个男人 Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时,telegram 指具体的,telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, vo

33、yagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途Journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip29. sport, gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负 的游戏，通常有一套规贝U His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice 价格,prize 奖,奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low31. a number of, the number of a number of 许多，谓语动词用

34、复数。the number of .的数目,谓语动词用单数。The number ofstudents is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of 范围外的前面，in the front of 范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day； of a dayof the day每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day暂时的，不长久的a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three of us

35、three of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片亥!，会儿,for the moment 暂时，一时 Thinking fora moment, he agreed.37. next year, the

36、next yearnext year明年,将来时间状语，the next year第二年,过去将来时间状语He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year 一年多,more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等）39. take advice, take the（ones） advicetake advice 征求意见,take the advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and fail

37、ed again.40. take air, take the airtake air 传播，走漏，take the air 到户外去，散步 We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word 总之,一句话,in words 口头上 In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of 代替,in the place of 在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in

38、 secret in the secretin secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语;in the secret知道内情，知道秘密,The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.美国位于太平洋西后。4)根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓 语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back.他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job , they will ta

39、lk with you in greater details0如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today, nowadays 等等。一般过去时主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某 段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时 间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义 较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed(除不规则动词

40、外)。常 和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week ,month , year, century , etc0 ), yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ), in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago,使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。 过去”的时间概念有两层意思：一是指现在某个时间以前的时间；二是指说话、写文章 的那个时间点以前的时间，在

41、这个意义上，”现在的那个时间点是很小很小的，甚至于小到 无法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last month.他上个月拿到了驾照。-Wheres Jim?吉姆在哪里？He just went outo他刚刚出去。一般将来时一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl 可泛11旨所有女孩，one girl 一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the c

42、hairtake a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下,take the chair 开始开会50. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of 管理，负责照米斗，in the charge of 由照料 He is in charge of the matter.The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class 在课上，in the class 在班级里 He is the best student in the class.52. on fire,

43、 on the fireon fire 着火，on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question 毫无疑问的，out of the question 不可能的54. a second, the seconda second 又一，再一，the second 第He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day 白天，by the day 按天计算 The w

44、orkers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people 指人,a people 指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit 同物体,one 同类不同I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的I was ill. Thats why .59. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有,not

45、hing指物,no one指人-How many ./ How much .? - None.60. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of , any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you61. who, what who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother 后接名词复数，a

46、nother 后接名词单数 other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little 非常 znot a bit 一点也不 Em not a bit tired.我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用,a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不 用于否定句I havent many books.66. much more . than, many more . thanmuch more . than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more

47、 . than后接可数名词 many morepeople, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno = not a/any no friend = not a/any friend no water = not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than至多，不超过69. majority, mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可the majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的z for oneself为自己,to oneself供自己用的z of oneself