21世纪大学英语读写教程06.docx
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1、UNIT 6Text APre-reading ActivitiesFirst Listening1 .Before you listen to the tape have a quick look at the paragraph below. Its similar to what youll hear on the tape, but there are some differences. As you listen the first time, underline the sections of the paragraph that are different from what y
2、ou hear on the tape. Dont worry yet about what the exact differences are-just underline where they appear.Steven Hawking, the world-famous scientist and author, lost his ability to speak in 1985. Already confined to a wheelchair, unable to move more than a few muscles, he lost his voice and this mea
3、nt he could communicate only by raising his eyebrows. Then an American computer programmer came to Hawkings rescue by designing a vocalizing computer specially for him. With its help. Hawking can construct sentences at a speed of about 15 words per minute, by selecting words from his computer screen
4、 and then clicking on a device that vocalizes the sentences for him. Hawking jokes about the computer: The only trouble is that it gives me an American accent.11Second Listening2 . What else do you know about Steven Hawking and his book A Brief History of Time? Why is he called “the smartest man in
5、the world?A Brief History of Stephen HawkingMichael White & John GribbinHe has been proclaimed the finest mind alive, the greatest genius of the late 20th century1, and Einsteins heir. Known to millions, far and wide, for his book A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking is a star scientist in more
6、ways than one. His gift for revealing the mysteries of the universe in a style that non-scientists can enjoy made Hawking an instant celebrity and his book a bestseller in both Britain and America. It has earned a place in the Guinness Book of Records for spending 184 weeks in The Sunday Times top-t
7、en lists, and has sold more than five million copies worldwide - virtually unheard-of success for a science book.How did all this happen? How has a man who is almost completely paralysed and unable to speak except through a computer overcome these incredible obstacles and achieved far more than most
8、 people ever dream of?Stephen William Hawking was a healthy baby, born to intellectual, eccentric parents. His father Frank, a doctor specialising in tropical diseases, and his mother Isobel, a doctors daughter, lived in a big old house full of books. Carpets and furniture stayedcause sth. to fall f
9、rom a place 敲掉; 击彳到work outfind an answer to (sth.); solve (sth.)想出; 得出have ones share of sth.have part of sth.; have the amount that is fair for sb.享有其中一份; 享有自 己应得 的一份fit (right) inbe (precisely) suitable (to)(正)相合mind over matter(sometimes humor) control of events or material objects by the power
10、of the mind 精 神战胜物质turn out to behappen to be in the end 最后是; 结果是Proper NamesStephen William Hawking斯蒂芬威廉霍金(1942,英国物理学家)John Gribbin约翰格里宾Guinness Book of Records吉尼斯世界纪录大全The Sunday Times星期日泰晤士报Frank弗兰克(男子名)Isobel伊泽贝尔(Elizabeth的异体)(女子名)Galileo伽利略(15641642,意大利数学家、天文学家和物理学家,现代力学和实验物 理学的创始人)St Albans Sc
11、hool圣奥尔本斯公学Aldous Huxley奥尔德斯赫胥黎(18941963,美籍英国作家)Bertrand Russell伯特兰罗素(18721970,英国哲学家、数学家、逻辑学家)ALSamyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrigs Disease 医肌萎缩性 (脊 髓)侧索硬化Newton牛顿(16421727,英国物理学家)in use until they fell apart; the wallpaper hung peeling from old age. The family car was a London
12、 taxi, bought for 50.Hawking has always been fascinated by his birth date: January 8,1942. It was the 300th anniversary of the death of Galileo, the Italian mathematician and astronomer who revolutionised astronomy by maintaining that the Sun is the centre of the Solar System - not the Earth, as anc
13、ient astronomers believed.Galileo, says Hawking, was the first scientist to start using his eyes, both figuratively and literally. In a sense, he was responsible for the age of science we now * fv enjoy.Hawking attended St. Albans School, a private school noted for its high academic standards. He wa
14、s part of a small elite group, the brightest of the bright students. They hung around together, listened to classical music and read only such smart authors as Aldous Huxley and Hawking*s hero, Bertrand Russell, at once an intellectual giant and liberal activist.Hawking spent very little time on mat
15、hs homework, yet got full marks. A friend recalls: HWhile I would be struggling away with a complicated problem, he just knew the answer. He didn*t have to think about it.”This instinctive insight also impressed his teachers. One of Hawkings science teachers, for example, recalls the time he posed t
16、he question: nDoes a cup of hot tea reach a drinkable temperature more quickly if you put the milk in first, or add the milk after pouring?n While the rest of the class struggled over how to even begin approaching the problem, Hawking almost instantly announced the correct answer: “Add the milk afte
17、r pouring, of course.* (The hotter the tea initially, the faster it will cool.) Another teacher relates how Hawking and his friends built a simple computer-and this was in 1958, a time when only large research centres had any computers at all.Hawking the schoolboy was a typical grind, underweight an
18、d awkward and peering through eyeglasses. His grey uniform always looked a mess and he spoke rather unclearly, having inherited a slight lisp from his father. This had nothing to do with early signs of illness; he was just that sort of kid-a figure of classroom fun, respected by his friends, avoided
19、 by most.Hawking went on to study at Oxford, winning a scholarship to read Natural Science, a course which combines mathematics, physics and astronomy, at University College. He found much of the work easy and averaged only one hours work a day. Once, when his tutor set some physics problems from a
20、textbook, Hawking didnt even bother to do them. Asked why, he spent 20 minutes pointing out errors in the book. His main enthusiasm was the Boat Club. Many times he returned to shore with bits of the boat knocked off, having tried to guide his crew through an impossibly narrow gap. His rowing traine
21、r suspects, nHalf the time, he was sitting in the stem with his head in the stars, working out mathematical formulae/1 Oxford has always had its share of eccentric students, so Hawking fit right in. But then, when he was 21, he was told that he had ALS-a progressive and incurable nerve disease. The
22、doctors predicted that he had only a few years to live.Before my condition was diagnosed, I was very bored with life/ Hawking says today, speaking from his wheelchair through a computerized voice synthesizer. The doctors* grim prognosis made him determined to get the most from a life he had previous
23、ly taken for granted.But I didnt die, Hawking notes dryly. Instead, as his physical condition worsened, Hawkings reputation in scientific circles grew, as if to demonstrate the theory of mind over matter. Hawking himself acknowledges his disease as being a crucial factor in focusing his attention on
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