2022北京考研英语一试题真题及答案.pdf
《2022北京考研英语一试题真题及答案.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022北京考研英语一试题真题及答案.pdf(19页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、2023考试备考资料 word版本欢迎下载 2022 年北京考研英语一试题真题及答案 Section I Use of English The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s;the term“plant neurobiology”was _1_ around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be _2_ to intelligence in animals._3_ plants l
2、ack brains,the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that _4_ consciousness,researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue,according to a new opinion article.Plant biology is complex and fascinating,but it _5_ so greatly from that of anima
3、ls that so-called _6_ of plants intelligence is inconclusive,the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006,some scientists have _7_ that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters,_8_“a plant nervous system,_9_ to that in animals,”said lead study author Lincoln Taiz,“Th
4、ey _10_ claimed that plants have brain-like command centers at their root tips.”This _11_ makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain,_12_ it to an array of electrical pulses;cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals._13_,the signaling in a plant is only _14_ simila
5、r to the firing in a complex animal brain,which is more than“a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,”Taiz said.“For consciousness to evolve,a brain with a threshold _15_ of complexity and capacity is required,”he _16_.”Since plants dont have nervous systems,the _17_ that they have conscious
6、ness are effectively zero.”And whats so great about consciousness,anyway?Plants cant run away from _18_,so investing energy in a body system which _19_ a threat and can feel pain would be a very _20_ evolutionary strategy,according to the article.1.A coined B discovered C collected D issued 2.A attr
7、ibuted B directed C compared D confined 3.A Unless B When C Once D Though 4.A coped with B consisted of C hinted at D extended to 5.A suffers B benefits C develops D differs 6.A acceptance B evidence C cultivation D creation 2023考试备考资料 word版本欢迎下载 7.A doubted B denied C argued D requested 8.A adaptin
8、g B forming C repairing D testing 9.A analogous B essential C suitable D sensitive 10.A just B ever C still D even 11.A restriction B experiment C perspective D demand 12.A attaching B reducing C returning D exposing 13.A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise 14.A temporarily B literally C supe
9、rficially D imaginarily 15.A list B level C label D load 16.A recalled B agreed C questioned D added 17.A chances B risks C excuses D assumptions 18.A danger B failure C warning D control 19.A represents B includes C reveals D recognizes 20.A humble B poor C practical D easy 答案解析:1.A coined 2.C comp
10、ared 3.D Though 4.C hinted at 5.D differs 6.B evidence 7.C argued 2023考试备考资料 word版本欢迎下载 8.B forming 9.A analogous 10.D even 11.C perspective 12.B reducing 13.A However 14.C superficially 15.B level 16.D added 17.A chances 18.A danger 19.D recognizes 20.B poor Section II Reading Comprehension Part A
11、Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 People often complain that plastics are too durable.Water bottles,shopping bags,and other trash litter the planet,from Mount Everest to the Mar
12、iana Trench,because plastics are everywhere and dont break down easily.But some plastic materials change over time.They crack and frizzle.They“weep”out additives.They melt into sludge.All of which creates huge headaches for institutions,such as museums,trying to preserve culturally important objects
13、.The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying:early radios,avant-garde sculptures,celluloid animation stills from Disney films,the first artificial heart.2023考试备考资料 word版本欢迎下载 Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didnt always know how to mix ingredie
14、nts properly,says Thea van Oosten,a polymer chemist who,until retiring a few years ago,worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands.“Its like baking a cake:If you dont have exact amounts,it goes wrong,”she says.“The object you make is already a time bomb.”And sometimes,its n
15、ot the artists fault.In the 1960s,the Italian artist Piero Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright,colorful foam pieces.Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen“nature carpets”large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins,cabbages,and watermelons.He wanted
16、viewers to walk around on the carpetswhich meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately,the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable.Its especially vulnerable to light damage,and by the mid-1990s,Gilardis pumpkins,roses,and other figures were splitting and crumbling.Museums locked some of them
17、 away in the dark.So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardis sculptures.They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals.Van Oosten calls those chemicals“sunscreens”because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers.She is proud tha
18、t several sculptures have even gone on display again,albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oostens,preservation of plastics will likely get harder.Old objects continue to deteriorate.Worse,biodegradable plastics,designed to disintegrate,are increasingly common.An
19、d more is at stake here than individual objects.Joana Lia Ferreira,an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology,notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human historyStone Age,Iron Age,and so onafter examining artifacts
20、 in museums.We now live in an age of plastic,she says,“and what we decide to collect today,what we decide to preserve will have a strong impact on how in the future well be seen.”21.According to Paragraph 1,museums are faced with difficulties in _.A maintaining their plastic items B obtaining durabl
21、e plastic artifacts C handling outdated plastic exhibits D classifying their plastic collections 22.Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are _.2023考试备考资料 word版本欢迎下载 A immune to decay B improperly shaped C inherently flawed D complex in structure 23.Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gila
22、rdis artworks to _.A keep them from hurting visitors B duplicate them for future display C have their ingredients analyzed D prevent them from further damage 24.The author thinks that preservation of plastics is _.A costly B unworthy C unpopular D challenging 25.In Ferreira s opinion,preservation of
23、 plastic artifacts _.A will inspire future scientific research B has profound historical significance C will help us separate the material ages D has an impact on todays cultural life Section II Reading Comprehension 答案解析:21.A maintaining their plastic items 2023考试备考资料 word版本欢迎下载 22.C inherently fla
24、wed 23.D prevent them from further damage 24.D challenging 25.B has profound historical significance Text 2 As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options,it may be worth considering just how the point,purpose and value of a degree has changed and
25、what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school,got a decent degree,you would be set up for life.But that promise has been found wanting.As degrees became universal,they became devalued.Education was n
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2022 北京 考研 英语 试题 答案
限制150内