风险管理与保险课件第7章.ppt
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1、第二部分第二部分 财产人寿保险财产人寿保险 第6章 财产标的第7章 责任风险 第8章 财产和责任保险 第9章 人寿保险 第10章 人寿保险的保单条款 第11章 社会保障提供的人寿与健康保险1第第7章章 责任风险责任风险27.1 责任标的特性责任标的特性Legal liability is the responsibility,based in law,to remedy some wrong done to another person or organization.法律责任是法律规定的一方对另一方(个人或组织)承担损害赔偿责任。347.1.1责任的法律基础责任的法律基础5Negligenc
2、e 疏忽Negligence can be defined as a failure to act reasonably that causes harm to others.疏忽可定义为没有采取合理的行动造成他人伤害。1.A duty to act(or not to act)in some way.以某种方式作为或不作为的责任。2.Breach of that duty.违背责任。3.Damage or injury to the one owned the duty.对拥有责任人的伤害。4.A causal connection,called a proximate cause,betw
3、een the breach and the injury.近因原则。67.1.2 Defenses抗辩1.Assumption of risk.风险自担原则。The doctrine of assumption of risk holds that if the plaintiff knew of the dangers involved in the act that resulted in harm,but chose to act in that fashion nonetheless,the defendant will not be held liable.这一原则指若原告明知一种
4、行为存在导致损失的风险而还要去做,则被告对损失不承担责任。72.Contributory negligence.受害方过失原则。The doctrine of contributory negligence disallows any recovery by the defendant if the plaintiff is shown to be negligent to any degree in not avoiding the relevant harm.如果原告被证明对相关的损失有哪怕一点点的疏忽,被告都不承担赔偿责任。83.Comparative negligence.比较过失原则
5、。The court compares the relative negligence of the parties and apportions recovery on that basis.法院衡量各方的疏忽程度来决定各方承担补偿的比例。9104.Last clear chance.最后纠正机会原则。Under the last clear chance doctrine,a plaintiff who assumed the risk or contributed to an accident through negligence is not barred from recovery
6、if the defendant had the opportunity to avoid the accident but failed to do so.这一原则规定如果被告有机会避免事故的发生但没有这样做,原告即使存在疏忽并促成事故的发生,原告也将得到赔偿。115.Immunity.豁免原则。Where immunity applies,the defendant has a complete defense against liability,merely because of its status as a protected entity,professional,or other
7、 party.应用这一原则时,若被告是一个受法律保护的实体,则该被告将完全免除责任。12131.Res Ipsa Loquitur.举证倒置原则。The court may apply the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur which shifts the burden of proof to the defendant.The defendant must prove innocence.The translation of res ipsa loquitur is“the thing speaks for itself”.在一些原告无法举证的情况下,法院将应用
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