中考英语非谓语动词专项复习.pdf

《中考英语非谓语动词专项复习.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考英语非谓语动词专项复习.pdf（11页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第 1 页 共 11 页 中考英语非谓语动词专项复习 考点知识精讲 非谓语动词包括动名词、分词和不定式，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和 状语，也可以和助动词结合构成进行时、完成时和被动语态。构 成 句子成分 不定式 to 动词原形 除谓语外的任何成分 有将要之意 分 词 现在分词 doing 表语 宾语 定语 状语 主动、进行 过去分词 done 表语 宾语 定语 状语 被动、完成 动名词 doing 主语 宾语 表语 定语 表一般情况 考点一 不定式 1不定式的基本形式是 to 动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不

2、定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定 式短语。My father asked me not to read in bed.我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。2不定式的句法作用 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状 语等。(1)作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It be 形容词(for sb.)动词不定式。Its important(for us)to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。注：当在 kind，good，nice，clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用 f

3、or 而用 of。Its very kind of_you_to_help_me.你帮助我真是太好啦。(2)作宾语 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect 等。Would you like to_see_a_film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？在 find，think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to_read_English_every_day.我发现每天读英语很容易。(3)宾语补足语 动

4、词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him to_turn_down_the_radio.露西要他关小收音机的音量。第 2 页 共 11 页(4)作定语 动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot of homework to_do.我有许多家庭作业要做。(5)作状语 Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to_see_her_daughter.(目的)王太太去上海看她女儿。Were glad to_meet_you here.(原因)我们很高兴在这见到你。He is too tired to_work

5、_on.(结果)他太累了而不能继续工作。3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加 not。They told us not_to_play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。4不定式常和疑问词 what，which，when，where，how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。He didnt know where_to_go.(where to go where he should go)他不知道去哪里。考点二 动名词 动名词由动词原形 ing 构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。1作主语，如：Eati

6、ng too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对身体健康有害。注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2作表语，如：My mothers job is raising chicken.我母亲的工作是养鸡。3作宾语，如：I dont mind listening to that story again.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。4作定语，如：Lets join the singing group.让我们加入合唱队吧。5其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有 finish，enjo

7、y，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun，waste time，cant help/cant stop，be used to(习惯于)等。其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有 love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on 等。介词后接动名词的动词短语有 keep.from，st

8、op.from，make a contribution to，look forward to，spend.(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。第 3 页 共 11 页 6当 need，require，want 作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗户需要被清洗。7不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。Weihai is a

9、good place to_live_in.威海是一个居住的好地方。考点三 分词 1.分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词 ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词 ed”，但也有不规则的形式。2分词的句法功能 功 能 例 句 说 明 定 语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗？Please hand in your exercises.请交上你们的练习。分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是 它所修饰的词。状 语 The students went out of the classroom，tal

10、king and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主句 主语。表 语 The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特 征；过去分词表示某种状态。补足语 Dont keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去理发。现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(

11、即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)注：现在分词表示“令人的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到的”，主语一般是人。He is surprised to hear the news.他听到那个消息感到很吃惊。The news is surprising.那个消息令人吃惊。辨析：(1)有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事Stop thinking，please.请停止思考。Stop to_think about it for a moment.停下来想一

12、会儿。第 4 页 共 11 页 rember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）rember to do sth.记得曾做过某事（动作以发生）I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出)Please remember to_post my letter.请记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)forget to do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作以发生）I forgot to_bring_my_homework.我忘记带作业了。(没带作业)I forgot bringing_m

13、y_homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来)try to do sth.努力去做某事 try doing sth.试着去做某事 He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。Please try to_do better next time.下次设法做得更好些。go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事 go on doing sth.继续不停地做某事 Go on to_do the other exercise after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。Go on do

14、ing the exercise after a short rest.休息一会儿之后，我们继续做练习。allow doing sth.允许做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在这儿吸烟。We dont allow students to_go out on school days.上学时，我们不允许学生外出。(2)现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。我们常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have 等，它们接不带 to 的不定式作宾 补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作

15、；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)第 5 页 共 11 页(3)现在分词与过去分词的区别。在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing count

16、ry 发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家(4)易混句式 have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth.和 have sth.done 的区别。have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have 可以用 let，make 代替。不定式往往表示一次 性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have 可以用 keep 代替，现在分

17、词(doing)这个动 作往往具有持续进行的含义。The two men had the boy running all night long.那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。have sth.done 意为“让某人做某事”，即 ask sb.else to do sth.。过去分词(done)这个动作由 他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。考点训练 一、单项选择 1 We can make a fire _the room warm so that we can

18、chat for a while.A to keep B keeping C keep D kept【解析】由句意“我们可以生火让房间暖和起来，以便我们能闲聊一会儿”知此处应为动词 不定式作目的状语，故选 A。【答案】A 2 Try to sing more English songs，and you will find it interesting _a foreign language.A learning B learns C learn D to learn【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。find it adj.to do sth.“发现做某事怎么样”是一种固定句式，故选 D。【答案

19、】D 3 We cant work out the physics problem.Can you tell us _？A how to do B what to do it C how to do it D what should to do【解析】本题考查“疑问词不定式”的用法。句意为“我们做不出这道物理题，你能告诉我们怎样做吗？”how to do sth.“怎样做某事”，do 后的宾语不能省略。故选 C。【答案】C 4 May I have a rest?I have already finished _the report.A write B writing C to write D

20、 written 第 6 页 共 11 页【解析】finish 后若跟动词，要用 v.ing 形式，故选 B。【答案】B 5 I feel a bit hungry now.Why not _for dinner with us?A go B did you go C to go D do you go【解析】本题考查 why not 的用法。why not 与 why dont you 同义，其后要接动词原形，故选 A。【答案】A 6 Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time _what you like every

21、day.A do B to do C doing D done【解析】have time to do sth.“有时间做某事”是固定短语，故选 B。【答案】B 7 Dont forget _your homework，John.OK.Ill do right now.A doing B do C to do【解析】forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事(还没做)”；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事(已经做了)”。由句意“约翰，别忘了做作业。”知选 C。【答案】C 8 At last the boy was made _and began to laugh.A stop

22、 crying B to stop to cry C to stop crying D stop to cry【解析】make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”，后跟省略 to 的不定式，但使役动词 make 变为被动式时，后面省略的 to 要补充出来。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”。由题意知选 C。【答案】C 9 If prices rise too high,the government has to do something _it.A stop B stopped C stopping D to stop【解析】本题考

23、查动词不定式的用法。由句意“如果价格涨得过高，政府必须做一些事情来阻止它。”可知用动词不定式作目的状语。【答案】D 10 The new treatments _by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.A invent B invents C inventing D invented【解析】句意为“由诺曼白求恩发明的新的治疗方法帮助了许多士兵”。由句意可知用过去分词短语 invented by Norman Bethune 作后置定语修饰名词 treatments。故选 D。【答案】D 11 I often have hamburgers f

24、or lunch.Youd better not.Its bad for you _too much junk food.A eat B to eat C eating D ate【解析】“Its adj.for sb.to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是的”。句中 it 作形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。第 7 页 共 11 页【答案】B 12 Whenever you have a chance _English，you should take it.A speak B to speak C spoke D speaks【解析】本题考查动词不定式。由句意“无论

25、什么时候你有一个说英语的机会，你应该抓住它。”可知用不定式短语作后置定语。【答案】B 13 Its a fine day today.How about _？Sounds great!A go hiking B go to hike C going hiking D to go to hike【解析】How about.？意为“怎么样？”about 是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式，故 排除 A、B、D 三项。go hiking“去徒步旅行”。【答案】C 14 Water Park is a good place _.A to have fun B have fun C having fun D

26、 to have a fun【解析】have fun 是固定短语，意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”。由句意“水上公园是一个游玩的好地方”可知用动词不定式作后置定语。【答案】A 15 When I was walking past the window,I noticed Wang Fei _my homework.I really got _.A copying；annoyed B copying；annoying C copy；annoyed D copied；annoyed【解析】notice 后接不带 to 的动词不定式或动词的 ing 形式，其意思分别为：注意到某人做 了某事(看到该动作的全

27、过程)；注意到某人正在做某事。由题干语境可知第一空应填 copying。annoying“使生气的；使恼怒的”，主语多为事物：annoyed“生气的；烦恼的”，主语多为 人。由主语 I 知第二空填 annoyed。【答案】A 16 As we all know，its not polite to keep others _for a long time.A wait B waited C to wait D waiting【解析】keep sb.doing sth.“使某人一直做某事”，动名词作宾补。句意是“我们都知道，让 别人一直等很长时间是不礼貌的。”故选 D。【答案】D 17 You h

28、ad better _because you have to drive back home.A not drinking B not drink C dont drink D not to drink【解析】had better do sth.“最好做某事”，用于给对方提建议，do 为不带 to 的不定式作宾补；had better 的否定形式一般将 not加在 better 之后，即 had better not do sth.。【答案】B 18 While we were running on the playground,Jack suddenly stopped _and lay o

29、n the ground，so we all stopped _what was wrong with him.A to run；to see B running；seeing C running；to see 第 8 页 共 11 页【解析】stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。句意为“我们在操场上跑步时，杰克突然停下躺在地上，因此我们都停下来看他怎么了。”故选 C。【答案】C 19 _a volunteer is great.I think so.Some of us want _volunteers for the Lon

30、don Olympics.A Being；being B To be；being C Being；to be D To be；to be【解析】第一个空为动名词作主语；第二个空 want to do/be 为固定结构，不定式作宾语。句 意为“做志愿者很棒。”“我也这样认为，我们中的一些人想做伦敦奥运会的志愿者。”【答案】C 20 Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams _true.A come B came C comes【解析】make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。句

31、意为“许多学生说他们愿意努力工作，使他们的梦想能够实现。”【答案】A 21 Danny did all kinds of things to make his sister _.A to stop crying B stop crying C to stop to cry D stop to cry【解析】make 后面跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”，由句意知选 B。【答案】B 22 We have two rooms _，but I cant decide _.A to live;to c

32、hoose which one B lived;choose which one C to live in;which one to choose D live;which one【解析】根据句意“我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪一间。”第一个句子中 live in 的 in 不能省略。“选择哪一间”用“which one to choose”。故选 C。【答案】C 23 We dont have much homework this weekend.Shall we go out together?OK.What about _ a movie?A to see B seeing C

33、 see D sees【解析】what about 后跟动词的 ing 形式，因此答案为 B。【答案】B 24 Why not _ an English club to practice _ English?A to join;to speak B join;speaking C join;to speak D to join;speaking【解析】why not 动词原形；practice 后跟动名词，故答案应选 B。【答案】B 25 How about going shopping this weekend,Peter?Sorry.I prefer _ rather than _.A t

34、o stay at home;go out B to go out;stay at home C staying at home;go out D going out;stay at home【解析】prefer to do rather than do 意为“宁愿而不愿”。句意为“宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去。”故选 A。第 9 页 共 11 页【答案】A 26 Wheres your brother now,Bob?I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _.A playing;dont do so B playing;not

35、to do so C play;to do so【解析】see sb.doing sth.意思是“看到某人在干某事”；tell sb.to do sth.“告诉某人干某事”，其否定形式是在 to 前加 not。【答案】B 27 Nancy is really a hardworking student.We often see her _ books in the classroom.A read B to read C reads【解析】see sb.do sth.意 为“看见某人做某事”。句意为“南希真的是一个勤奋的学生。我们经常看见她在教室里读书。”【答案】A 28 Why did yo

36、u buy a radio?_ English.A Learn B Learning C To learn D Be learning【解析】动词不定式表目的。【答案】C 29 Doctors tell people _ their hands often and to stay home if they feel ill.A to wash B washes C wash D washing【解析】考查 tell sb.to do sth.的用法。【答案】A 30 Xiao Li said she would rather _ join us.A did not B to not C not

37、 D not to【解析】考查 would rather not do sth.的用法。【答案】C 31 Hi,Tom!Can you tell me when _ for London?Yes,tomorrow afternoon.A leaving B leaves C to leave D are you leaving【解析】考查特殊疑问词不定式作宾语的用法。【答案】C 32 Im very tired these days because of studying for physics.Why not _ music?It can make you _.A listen to;rel

38、axing B to listen to;to relax C listening to;relax D listen to;relax【解析】考查 why not do sth.和 make sb.do sth.结构。【答案】D 33 I saw John _ near the river on my way home.A plays B playing C to play D played【解析】see sb.do sth.“看见某人做了某事”；see sb.doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。由 句意可知选 B。【答案】B 第 10 页 共 11 页 34 Please dont

39、 forget _ the room while I am away in Beijing.A clean B to clean C cleaned D cleaning【解析】考查 forget to do sth.结构。【答案】B 35 The doctor did what he could _ the dying man.A save B to save C saved D saving【解析】动词不定式表目的。【答案】B 36 Would you mind _ my little sister while I am away?Of course not.A looking for B

40、 looking at C looking after D looking forward to【解析】考查 would you mind doing sth.结构。由句意知 look after“照顾”符合题意。【答案】C 37 May I listen to the music here,Mr White?Sorry,youd better _ it like that.A not to do B not do C dont do D not do to【解析】考查 had better 的否定形式 had better not do sth.。【答案】B 38 Im hungry now

41、.Lets stop _.A having a meal B having a rest C to have a meal D to have a rest【解析】考查 stop to do sth.结构。再根据句意知选 C。【答案】C 39 What a heavy rain!So it is.I prefer _ at home _ on such a rainy day.A watch TV;to go out B watch TV;go out C watching TV;to going out D to watch TV;going out【解析】考查 prefer doing s

42、th.to doing sth.结构。【答案】C 40 He often tells me _ too much time _ computer games.A to not spend;play B not to spend;play C to not spend;playing D not to spend;playing【解析】考查 tell sb.not to do sth.和 spend time(in)doing sth.结构。【答案】D 41 I havent seen my old friends for years.Im really looking forward _ th

43、em.A meet B met C to meeting D to meet【解析】考查 look forward to doing sth.结构。【答案】C 42 He sat in the armchair,_ a newspaper.A read B reading C to read D reads【解析】考查现在分词短语作伴随状语。【答案】B 第 11 页 共 11 页 二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(8 分)1 Tim was seen_(get)out of the subway at the station on Centre Street.【解析】see sb.do st

44、h.“看见某人做某事”，do 为不带 to 的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态 时不定式符号 to 需补上。【答案】to get 2 Look!The teenagers are making cards _(show)love for their mothers.【解析】此题考查不定式短语作目的状语。【答案】to show 3 You had better _(not hurry)There is still enough time to go.【解析】had better(not)do sth.“最好(不)做某事”，故填 not hurry。【答案】not hurry 4 If you are

45、 really tired,you can stop _(have)a rest for 10 minutes.【解析】stop to do sth.意为“停下原来的事去做另一件事”。由句意“如果你真的累了，就停下来休息 10 分钟”知填 to have。【答案】to have 5 How long does it take you _(drive)to school every day?About half an hour.【解析】it takes sb.some time to do sth.是固定句型，意思是“花费某人多长时间干某事”。【答案】to drive 6 Last weeken

46、d,the Greens had great fun _(swim)at Water World.【解析】have fun doing 是固定词组，意思是“干某事很高兴”。【答案】swimming 7 I think it is time for the boys _(get)on the bus.【解析】it is time for sb.to do sth.是固定句型，意思是“该某人干某事了”。【答案】to get 8 I am going to the party _(hold)at Smiths home this evening if I am free.【解析】“将要被举行”用 to be held。【答案】to be held