2023年《跨文化交际》第三四单元补充阅读.pdf

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1、跨文化交际第三、四单元补充阅读When you finish the following reading,you should be able to:1.Find out how VSO started and what it does.2.Analyse the effect of VSO on volunteers themselves.Focus questions for text 1.Who started VSO and when?2.Who make up the three-way partnership?3.What is the effect of the experien

2、ce on the VSOs themselves?Text NormanThe north-western university of xian,hosting the annual VSO training conference for the 144 volunteers in China who make up the largest single VSO project in the world.Its a time to meet up with other volunteers to attend lectures and workshops and to present the

3、 results of their own experience in China.Ding bao qing(office manager)VSO began to erm send teachers of English to China in er 1981 in that year VSO sent 6 English teachers to er teachers colleges in er remote areas in China er in the past more than twenty years er VSOs projects in China havebeen i

4、ncreasing.Now we have altogether about 144 volunteers working in China.Paul turner(chief representative VSO China)Well VSO was really the brainchild of erm alec and mora dixon erm who were working in the colonial service in overseas for Britain for a number of years before and after the war er and t

5、hey joined forces with launcelot fleming who was the bishop of portsmouth erm and they decided to try and set up a scheme where they could send British youth overseas to assist in the development process and more specifically to assist in people in ordinary lives,helping them in terms of being teach

6、ers and technicians and assistants erm it was very much an establishment set-up which was established by the great and the good er we had the bishop of portsmouth and alec himself came from rugby which is a very er important British school er and indeed the volunteers who went out er back in 1958 th

7、at was the year when it all started er and the first volunteer went from er marlborough college er which is also a very important establishment in Britain and really er there was something of a public school idea and ethosat the very beginning because the people themselves,the volunteers,er would ha

8、ve gone out between the time that they left school at eighteen and go to university In those days many people had to wait for erm a year or two before they go on to university and this was seen as the ideal time by alec for young people to go and serve but also to learn at the same time.There was a

9、very strong accent er on learning as well as giving er and thats how VSO really started,by a very energetic man erm linking up with the establishment and getting these school leavers leaving-they sent about 4 or 5 people in the first year I believe,and the first one was to sarawak in borneo and also

10、 to ghana.VSO preparing for change Andy whalley is a volunteer forestry specialist with VSO.Hes just arrived in lindi on the southern tanzanian coast and this is his welcome into the community.A desire to share their skills with those in poorer countries and a taste for adventure is what drives most

11、 volunteers.However,andy has brought much more than his special skills with him.Forty years experience have shown that the best volunteers arrive with minimal expectations and maximum openness.And preparing for that starts long before you arrive here.These men and women are preparing for their overs

12、eas placements with VSO.At this stage they dont know anyone.The only things they share is the fact that they are going somewhere with VSO and that they all have fears and anxieties.Will I have a good social life,will I be able to make good friends It worries me am I up to the job because Im a primar

13、y teacher now and Im actually going to be training teachers Im just concerned that I wont be able to fit into the community when I get out there One thing that really concerns me is whether I can adapt to the living conditions over there Am I up to the job,how am I going to cope with the weather?It

14、could be quite a concern not to have the right sort of equipment,the sort tools Although VSO cant answer all the questions,it is able to pass on some good advice.In the end much of the preparation is down to you,the volunteer,with VSO providing additional workshops and resources.However,there are ce

15、rtain areas where VSO delivers comprehensive support.Well for me its difficult because Im going to cambodia so theres a security issue Security and medical issues receive the highest priority.Both provide some comfort as you prepare to arrive in an unfamiliar culture.Now Ive actually arrived,it stil

16、l seems a bit of a shock that I Im here been about a year of planning to actually get here erm its suddenly come about and im in the middle of africa When you arrive in country a VSO orientation programme will include some basic language training.Progress after that is largely up to you.You will als

17、o be introduced to local conditions and culture,often in a very practical way.After four weeks initial training,andy arrives in lindi,some days away from any direct VSO support.Partnership lies at the heart of VSOs success.Placements are a three-way partnership:the volunteer,the overseas employer,an

18、d VSO.For the volunteer,coming to terms with the reality of the situation is a major step.Its a process that is fundamental to the success of all placements.Since Ive been here its been quite frustrating trying to get things moving and I think thats often the problem with volunteers because because

19、they arrive at the project site and often they dont there isnt often a project for them to do and they have to really get erm to work hard to try and see where they can fit in,where their qualifications or experience can help working with the colleagues and getting things done A lack of facilities i

20、s not uncommon in developing countries.Sue fraser is teaching English in Lao.Photocopying is a problem-there isnt one well,sorry,there is one but it broke down two weeks after it arrived and its not likely to be mended so I do without photocopies.Weve only had electricity for the last few months so

21、even running a tape-recorder had to be on batteries-no I think ive adapted my teaching style to the fact that there are no resources.Other than the few books that I brought with me that have been very useful its literally chalk and talk.The essential element in the VSO partnership is the overseas em

22、ployer.They make the request for volunteers,and know the kind of person theyre looking for.PriestEr as a developing country we need such people who er dont make a big noise about it or they dont come and sit on top of us and try to tell this is the way this is the way.They come and try to work with

23、us and try to improve things.Now I think a developing country needs such people I appreciate the problem the VSO office may have here in sometimes trying to identify the right person for the right job because you are dealing with two you know very distant countries so sometimes there is a difficulty

24、 there what we look for in most cases is people with different skills and in your situation here er I mean people are so specialised in most cases in one thing and that creates a difficulty in most cases but if you have a person with an open mind and who adapts very quickly,sometimes the problem is

25、done away with.The need for adaptability on both sides is recognised by VSO,the third element in the partnership.VSO will normally lay down broad guidelines for each placement.What we do is we just make the job des description just a little bit wider so that once the volunteer arrives in the country

26、 he or she can go and discuss with the employer in what area the volunteer can cover.That way er the volunteer will also feel a little bit er comfortable to share the skill that he or she has.Deborah bickler is a VSO programme officer in lao.Shes flying up from her office in the capital to visit sue

27、 fraser in sekong.I dont feel were in the business of holding volunteers hands.I dont think volunteers come out to have their hands held,they they often have a sense of adventure,they often you know they often want to give it a go er we we should be there in an emergency.I mean that is a vital part

28、of our job but it isnt it isnt all that our job is about.Our job is really to make sure that the placement works and a lot of our work is done before the volunteer arrives in country,a lot of our work is done in terms of trying to get the job right.Hello deborah its nice to see you again-yes,hows it

29、 going?-oh not too badly,not too badly-erm weve got a new blackboard and enough chairs so er PaulOver the years er VSO volunteers increased in numbers overseas er in 58/59 the total that was sent were er 18 erm by 19 64/65 there were 731 VSO volunteers overseas and by the end of the 60s,early 70s,er

30、 there were 1,483 volunteers overseas,erm but as well as the volunteers themselves erm in terms of numbers changing erm something else fundamentally happened was that volunteers changing their profile from being school leavers to people who had erm graduate qualifications and often had a reasonable

31、amount of work experience as well.So there was quite a significant shift from the school-leaver volunteer who was there as much for adventure as for anything else er to the more qualified and professionally focussed volunteer who is there very much to do a job in development as well as to learn skil

32、ls and to share skills,er so this is quite a significant er change over that er time period Erm in 1998 er VSO overall had one thousand almost two thousand people overseas 1,939 people erm and it actually cost VSO about 25 million pounds erm to have those volunteers overseas so quite a big operation

33、 compared to the erm the er one person in an office operation started back in 1958 so thats the way that VSO has grown over those years.Norman The range of skills and jobs done by VSO around the world is much wider than English language teaching alone.VSO in sri lanka Girl I work with a group of six

34、 archaeologists closely every day,I work with them from 8 oclock in the morning until 5 oclock in the evening every day and I see my main role as as opening doors for people to to go through andso they they dont read any foreign journals they dont have any contact with any other archaeologists other

35、 than those working in sri lanka.Theyre using techniques that are very very outdated and my job is to show them that other people are are other archaeologists are using different techniques they are the future archaeologists of sri lanka they theyll go on and set up their own organisation in anandap

36、ura or in sri lanka.Man What were trying to achieve here is to show that solid waste problems can be addressed on a local scale,small-scale traditional initiatives-they dont have to be based on western technologies.The technology already already exists in sri lanka over 80%of solid waste is organic

37、matter most of which comes from fruit and vegetable markets.Weve worked with traders in one of the local fruit and vegetable markets in a town of about 20,000 people and we have educated them and increased awareness among the trading group.As a result the traders now separate their garbage before th

38、ey throw it away,and the ngo that im working for will now collect that garbage and deliver to a compost site and we convert the fruit and vegetable waste into compost which we can then sell.NormanThe work is immensely satisfying to VSO staff.Ding bao qing(office manager VSO beijing)I think my bigges

39、t satisfaction to work for VSO is er to see that volunteers are happy because of my work.Emma renshaw(VSO representative hubei/shaanxi/anhui)I think the variety is-is very interesting as well erm in a single day we can be erm taking a call from a volunteer about a medical matter,or erm we might be l

40、iaising with the university down in xian where we do our in-country training about the arrival of the new volunteers,we might be designing some materials for volunteers erm so its a its a real kind of variety erm but I think perhaps the most interesting thing and I think for me the most erm kind of

41、valuable thing about my work is-is that I think its very worthwhile,and to think that youre making a difference to-to peoples lives no matter how small I think is-is perhaps the most rewarding part of the job.Norman But perhaps the most important effect is on the young-and old-volunteers themselves.

42、Des murgh(VSO lanzhou)I really like Chinese people-I love the people of lanzhou Peggy barnes(VSO dali yunan)In dali Im able to share many of my skills and expertise and Im getting to know the Chinese people-and theyre great Ken(VSO hunan province)I feel Im cheating I came here to teach people,but Iv

43、e actually learnt a hell of a lot more than ive taught VSO(weinan)Constantly Im saying to my students what you have in China here is much better than what we have in the west John goodern(VSO hunan)Im really happy to be in China because its better than kidderminster.Andy(VSO)I learn more than I give

44、.Im actually taking more than Im giving to other people Laura wilkes(VSO henan province)I think the best thing about being in China is not what I teach my students,its the fun I have with my students,the times we have together,the people Ive met,what ive learnt about Chinese culture,Chinesepeople Wo

45、rds&expressions VSOVoluntary service overseas-men and women volunteers who are requested by host countries and paid normal local salaries by that country;VSO organises and provides backup but not salary or living quarters Remote areasPart of VSO philosophy is to provides skills for the poorest of re

46、gions,thus it never sends volunteers to capital cities.BrainchildA colloquialism meaning product of the mind,invention,new idea Colonial serviceThe government service that administered the British empire and its colonies Bishop of portsmouthOne of the highest officials of the anglican church,junior

47、only to the archbishops of canterbury and york,a figure of the establishment EstablishmentThe ruling elite of a country,especially Britain,comprising the church,aristocracy,government,senior business interests etc RugbyOne of the elite public ie private boarding schools of Britain,in the county of w

48、arwickshire,where the game of rugby football originated MarlboroughAnother elite public school Public school ethosTends to be mocked these days,since it embodied British upper middle class and aristocratic ideals of natural class superiority allied with the belief in public service and benign if rat

49、her arrogant rule over colonised peoples Overseas placementsVSO is able to choose the few hundred volunteers who are sent out each year from many thousands of applicants;this is partly the result of unemployment even among highly qualified people in uk,but also due to the desire of many young-and ol

50、der-people to escape the rat-race of modern life for a while Orientation programmeA process of familiarisation and training to prepare the volunteer for the new culture Overseas employerCentral to the concept is that a volunteer programme must be requested by a foreign government,and that government