初中英语语法知识点之时态.docx

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1、 初中英语语法知识点之时态 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进展的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time,yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)表达在过去的同一时间都在进展的几个动作，通常用While I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内始终持续进展的动作 They were expecting you yeste

2、rday, but you didnt turn up. 初中英语时态学问点：一般现在表过去的用法 1.用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间： John tells me you will leave tomorrow. 约翰告知我你明天离开。 I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。 I hear you want a secretary. 我听说你需要一个秘书。 He says the matter is rather urgent. 他说这事相当紧急。 Mary sa

3、ys you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。 It really gets me when he says those stupid things. 他说那些傻话真让我生气。 2.当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时： The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。 The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开头于1937年。 初中英语时态学问点：运用现在进展时常见的几个错误 1、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错。例： (1)误

4、：They are swiming (swim) . 正：They are swimming (swim). (2)误：Jenny is plaiing (play) football. 正：Jenny is playing (play) football. 解析：A、动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:一般-ing;哑e先去e;重闭单辅先双写;-ie结尾y来替。 B、动词现在分词的变化规章要与名词变复数、动词变现单三等规章区分开来。 2、谓语局部的构成不完整：丢掉be动词，或遗忘把动词变成现在分词。例： (1)误：Look! Two children flying (fly) a kite in t

5、he park. 正：Look!Two children are flying (fly) a kite in the park. (2)误：Li Ming isnt read ( not read) a book in bed now. 正：Li Ming isnt reading ( not read) a book in bed now. 解析：现在进展时的谓语局部的构成是be+现在分词，二者缺一不行，这一点必需要牢记。 3、对动词或动词词组提问时，丢掉代动词doing。例： The students are singing in the room.(对划线局部提问) 误：What ar

6、e the students in the room? 正：What are the students doing in the room? 解析：现在进展时态中对动作提问可记住此句式What +be +主语+doing+其它?或简写为What.doing.? 句式。 4、现在进展时态的谓语局部是并列构造时，简单无视其次个以及其次个以后的动词用现在分词形式。例： 孩子们在跑还是在跳? 误：Are the children running or jump? 正：Are the children running or jumping? 解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须全都。 初中英语时

7、态学问点：现在进展时的应用 (1) 表示目前正在发生或进展的动作。如： They are planting trees on the mountain. 他们在山上植树。 Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 母亲在厨房做晚饭。 (2) 有些非持续性动词的进展时可以表示动作马上进展或发生，或表示动作的重复。如： He is joining the army. 他要参军了。 They are buying the house. 他们要买那座房子。 (3) 当现在进展时中有always, forever, constantly, continuall

8、y修饰时，表示说话人的欣赏或厌烦的感情。如: Why is the baby always crying? 为什么那个老是在哭。 They are always helping us. 他们总是帮忙我们。 留意：表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词，一般不使用语进展时态。 初中英语时态学问点：过去完成时由过去的过去来判定 由过去的过去来判定。 过去完成时表示过去的过去，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常消失在： ( 1 )宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在t

9、old, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. ( 2 )状语从句中 在时间、条件、缘由、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 留意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由

10、于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作严密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. ( 3 )表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 初中英语时态学问点：过去完成时与一般过去

11、时的区分 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应留意以下几点： 1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调过去的过去;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比拟： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来推断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were

12、 pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间挨次，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.