英语四级阅读理解练习题及其解析.pdf

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1、英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析【阅读练习】What?is?it?about?Americans?and?food?We?love?to?eat,but?we?feel?1?about?it?afterward.?We?say?we?want?only?the?best,?but?we?strangely?enjoy?junkfood.?Were?2?with?health?and?weight?loss?but?face?an?unprecedented?epidemic?of?obesity(肥胖).?Perhaps?the?3?to?this?ambivalence(矛盾情结)?lies?i

2、n?our?history.?The?first?Europeans?cameto?this?continent?searching?for?new?spices?but?went?in?vain.?The?first?cash?crop(经济作物)wasnt?eaten?but?smoked.?Then?there?was?Prohibition,?intended?to?prohibit?drinking?butactually?encouraging?more?4?ways?of?doing?it.The?immigrant?experience,?too,?has?been?one?o

3、f?inharmony.?Do?as?Romans?do?meanseating?what?“real?Americans”?eat,?but?our?nations?food?has?come?to?be?5?by?importspizza,say,?or?hot?dogs.?And?some?of?the?countrys?most?treasured?cooking?comes?from?people?whoarrived?here?in?shackles.Perhaps?it?should?come?as?no?surprise?then?that?food?has?been?a?me

4、dium?for?the?nationsdefining?struggles,?whether?at?the?Boston?Tea?Party?or?the?sit?ins?at?southern?lunch?counters.It?is?integral?to?our?concepts?of?health?and?even?morality?whether?one?refrains?from?alcohol?forreligious?reasons?or?evades?meat?for?political?6 But?strong?opinions?have?not?brought?7.?A

5、mericans?are?ambivalent?about?what?they?putin?their?mouths.?We?have?become?8?of?our?foods,?especially?as?we?learn?more?about?what?theycontain.The?9?in?food?is?still?prosperous?in?the?American?consciousness.?Its?no?coincidence,?then,that?the?first?Thanksgiving?holds?the?American?imagination?in?such?b

6、ondage(束缚).?Its?whatwe?eatand?how?we?10?it?with?friends,?family,?and?strangers that?help?define?America?as?acommunity?today.A.?answer?I.?creative B.?result?J.?belief C.?share?K.?suspicious D.?guilty?L.?certainty E.?constant?M.?obsessed F.?defined?N.?identify G.?vanish?O.?ideals H.?adapted 【答案及详解】1.?

7、D?feel 是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about,可以确定选项为D项guilty,短语 feel?guilty?about?sth.“对 感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。2.M?be?obsessed?with?为固定搭配，原意为“被 附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。3.?A?本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词 to 的搭配，可以推断出正确选项 answer.4.?I 本句根据 more 和 ways 可以判断出需要填入一个形容

8、词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以 确定 I 为正确选项。5.?F?本题较难。根据 be?和 by?确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过?but?转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定 F 为正确选项。6.B 政治结果，可根据宗教原因 religious?reasons来推断此处填政治结果。7.?L 由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成 bring 的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做 bring 的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物

9、的态 度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定 L为正确选项。8.?K 系动词 become 后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词 of 形成短语 be/become?suspicious?of“对 感到怀疑”。9.?J 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词 in 的搭配，可以推断出正确选项 belief，(have)belief?in?sth.“相信”。10.?C 本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和 with?搭配，确定选项为 share,?share?sth.?withsb.,“与某人分享某事”。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(2)【阅读练习】Baekeland

10、?and?Hartmann?report?that?the?“short?sleepers”had?been?more?or?less?average?in?their?sleep?needs?until?the?men?were?in?their?teens.?But?atabout?age?15?or?so,?the?men?voluntarily?began?cutting?down?their?nightly?sleep?time?becauseof?pressures?from?school,?work,?and?other?activities.?These?men?tended?

11、to?view?their?nightlyperiods?of?unconsciousness?as?bothersome?interruptions?in?their?daily?routines.In?general,?these?“short?sleeps”?appeared?ambitious,?active,?energetic,?cheerful,conformist(不动摇)?in?their?opinions,?and?very?sure?about?their?career?choices.?They?often?heldseveral?jobs?at?once,?or?wo

12、rkers?full-or?part-time?while?going?to?school.?And?many?of?them?hada?strong?urge?to?appear?“normal”?or?“acceptable”?to?their?friends?and?associates.When?asked?to?recall?their?dreams,?the?“short?sleepers”?did?poorly.?More?than?this,?theyseemed?to?prefer?not?remembering.?In?similar?fashion,?their?usua

13、l?way?of?dealing?withpsychological?problems?was?to?deny?that?the?problem?existed,?and?then?to?keep?busy?in?thehope?that?the?trouble?would?go?away.The?sleep?patterns?of?the?“short?sleepers”?were?similar?to,?but?less?extreme?than,?sleeppatterns?shown?by?many?mental?patients?categorized?as?manic(疯人).Th

14、e?“long?sleepers”?were?quite?different?indeed.?Baekeland?and?Hartmann?report?thatthese?young?men?had?been?lengthy?sleeps?since?childhood.?They?seemed?to?enjoy?their?sleep,protected?it,?and?were?quite?concerned?when?they?were?occasionally?deprived?of?their?desired?9hours?of?nightly?bed?rest.?They?ten

15、ded?to?recall?their?dreams?much?better?than?did?the?“shortsleepers.”Many?of?the?“long?sleepers”?were?shy,?anxious,?introverted?(内向),?inhibited?(压抑),passive,?mildly?depressed,?and?unsure?of?themselves?(particularly?in?social?situations).?Severalopenly?states?that?sleep?was?an?escape?from?their?daily?

16、problems.1.?According?to?the?report,_.A)?many?short?sleepers?need?less?sleep?by?nature B)?many?short?sleepers?are?obliged?to?reduce?their?nightly?sleep?time?because?they?arebusy?with?their?work C)?long?sleepers?sleep?a?longer?period?of?time?during?the?day D)?many?long?sleepers?preserve?their?sleepin

17、g?habit?formed?during?their?childhood 2.?Many?“short?sleepers”?are?likely?to?hold?the?view?that?_.A)?sleep?is?a?withdrawal?from?the?reality B)?sleep?interferes?with?their?sound?judgement C)?sleep?is?the?least?expensive?item?on?their?routine?program D)?sleep?is?the?best?way?to?deal?with?psychological

18、?troubles 3.?It?is?stated?in?the?third?paragraph?that?short?sleepers?_.A)?are?ideally?vigorous?even?under?the?pressures?of?life B)?often?neglect?the?consequences?of?inadequate?sleep C)?do?not?know?how?to?relax?properly D)?are?more?unlikely?to?run?into?mental?problems 4.?When?sometimes?they?cannot?en

19、joy?adequate?sleep,?the?long?sleepers?might?_.A)?appear?disturbed B)?become?energetic C)?feel?dissatisfied D)?be?extremely?depressed 5.?Which?of?the?following?is?Not?included?in?the?passage?A)?If?one?sleeps?inadequately,?his?performance?suffers?and?his?memory?is?weakened B)?The?sleep?patterns?of?sho

20、rt?sleepers?are?exactly?the?sane?as?those?shown?by?manymental?patients C)?Long?and?short?sleepers?differ?in?their?attitudes?towards?sleep D)?Short?sleepers?would?be?better?off?with?more?rest 【答案及详解】答案：DCBAB 贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了 15 岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它 活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间

21、。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几 项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问 题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。“睡

22、眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没 有所需的 9 个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微 有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(3)【阅读练习】Upon?reaching?an?appropriate?age?(usually?between?18and?21?years),?children?are?encouraged,?but?

23、not?forced,?to?“leave?the?nest”?and?begin?anindependent?life.?After?children?leave?home?they?often?find?social?relationship?and?financialsupport?outside?the?family.?Parents?do?not?arrange?marriages?for?their?children,?nor?do?childrenusually?ask?permission?of?their?parents?to?get?married,?Romantic?lo

24、ve?is?most?often?the?basisfor?marriage?in?the?United?States;?young?adults?meet?their?future?spouses?(配偶)?through?otherfriends,?at?jobs,?and?in?organizations?and?religious?institutions,?Although?children?choose?theirown?spouses,?they?still?hope?their?parents?will?approve?of?their?choices.In?many?fami

25、lies,?parents?feel?that?children?should?make?major?life?decisions?bythemselves.?A?parent?may?try?to?influence?a?child?to?follow?a?particular?profession?but?the?childis?free?to?choose?another?career.?Sometimes?children?do?precisely?the?opposite?of?what?theirparents?wish?in?order?to?assert?their?indep

26、endence.?A?son?may?deliberately?decide?not?to?gointo?his?fathers?business?because?of?a?fear?that?he?will?lose?his?autonomy?in?his?fathersworkplace.?This?independence?from?parents?is?not?an?indication?that?parents?and?children?donot?love?each?other.?Strong?love?between?parents?and?children?is?univers

27、al?and?this?is?noexception?in?the?American?family?Coexisting?with?such?love?in?the?American?family?are?culturalvalues?of?self?reliance?and?independence.1.?The?writer?discusses?the?marriage?of?young?adults?in?order?to?show?which?of?thefollowing?A)?They?enjoy?the?freedom?of?choosing?their?spouses.B)?T

28、hey?want?to?win?the?permission?of?their?parents.C)?They?have?a?strong?desire?to?become?independent.D)?They?want?to?challenge?the?authority?of?their?parents.2.?Most?young?adults?in?the?U.S.?get?married?for?the?sake?of?_.A)?love B)?financial?concern C)?their?parents D)?family?background 3.?Based?on?th

29、e?passage,?it?can?be?assumed?that?_.A)?American?young?adults?are?likely?to?follow?the?suit?of?their?parents B)?most?American?people?never?make?major?decisions?for?their?children C)?American?young?adults?possess?cultural?values?of?independence D)?once?a?young?person?steps?into?his?twenties,?he?will?l

30、eave?his?home?permanently 4.?A?son?is?unwilling?to?work?in?his?fathers?business?mainly?because?_.A)?he?wishes?to?make?full?use?of?what?he?has?learnt?in?school B)?he?wants?to?prove?his?independence C)?he?wishes?to?do?the?opposite?of?what?his?parents?approve?of D)?he?wants?to?show?his?love?for?his?par

31、ents 5.?The?subject?matter?of?this?selection?is?_.A)?family?values B)?marriage?arrangements C)?the?pursuit?of?a?career D)?decision?making 【答案及详解】答案：CACBA 子女一旦到适当年龄(通常是 18 至 21 岁)，要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交 往，并自谋出路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗 教团

32、体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了 证实自己的独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意 味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(4)【阅读练习】Now?let?us?look?at?how?we?re

33、ad.?When?we?read?a?printedtext,?our?eyes?move?across?a?page?in?short,?jerky?movement.?We?recognize?words?usually?whenour?eyes?are?still?when?they?fixate.?Each?time?they?fixate,?we?see?a?group?of?words.?This?isknown?as?the?recognition?span?or?the?visual?span.?The?length?of?time?ofr?which?the?eyes?sto

34、p?-the?duration?of?the?fixation?-varies?considerably?from?person?to?person.?It?also?vaies?withinany?one?person?according?to?his?purpose?in?reading?and?his?familiarity?with?the?text.Furthermore,?it?can?be?affected?by?such?factors?as?lighting?and?tiredness.Unfortunately,?in?the?past,?many?reading?impr

35、ovement?courses?have?concentrated?toomuch?on?how?our?eyes?move?across?the?printed?page.?As?a?result?of?this?misleading?emphasison?the?purely?visual?aspects?of?reading,?numerous?exercises?have?been?devised?to?train?theeyes?to?see?more?words?at?one?fixation.?For?instance,?in?some?exercises,?words?are?

36、flashed?onto?a?screen?for,?say,?a?tenth?or?a?twentieth?of?a?second.?One?of?the?exercises?has?requiredstudents?to?fix?their?eyes?on?some?central?point,?taking?in?the?words?on?either?side.?Such?wordpatterns?are?often?constructed?in?the?shape?of?rather?steep?pyramids?so?the?reader?takes?inmore?and?more

37、?words?at?each?successive?fixation.?All?these?exercises?are?very?clever,?but?itsone?thing?to?improve?a?persons?ability?to?see?words?and?quite?another?thing?to?improve?hisability?to?read?a?text?efficiently.?Reading?requires?the?ability?to?understand?the?relationshipbetween?words.?Consequently,?for?th

38、ese?reasons,?many?experts?have?now?begun?to?questionthe?usefulness?of?eye?training,?especially?since?any?approach?which trains?a?person?to?read?isolated?words?and?phrases?would?seem?unlikely?to?help?him?inreading?a?continuous?text.Q:1.?The?time?of?the?recognition?span?can?be?affected?by?the?followin

39、g?facts?except_.A.?ones?familiarity?with?the?text B.?ones?purpose?in?reading C.?the?length?of?a?group?of?words D.?lighting?and?tiredness 2.?The?author?may?believe?that?reading?_.A.?requires?a?reader?to?take?in?more?words?at?each?fixation B.?requires?a?reader?to?see?words?more?quickly C.?demands?an?d

40、eeply-participating?mind D.?demands?more?mind?than?eyes 3?What?does?the?author?mean?by?saying?“but?its?one?thing?to?improve?a?persons?ability?tosee?words?and?quite?another?thing?to?improve?his?ability?to?read?a?text?efficiently.”?in?thesecond?parapraph?A.?The?ability?to?see?words?is?not?needed?when?

41、an?efficient?reading?is?conducted.B.?The?reading?exercises?mentioned?cant?help?to?improve?both?the?ability?to?see?and?tocomprehend?words.C.?The?reading?exercises?mentioned?cant?help?to?improve?an?efficient?reading.D.?The?reading?exercises?mentioned?has?done?a?great?job?to?improve?ones?ability?to?see

42、words.4.?Which?of?the?following?is?NOT?true?A.?The?visual?span?is?a?word?or?a?group?of?words?we?see?each?time.B.?Many?experts?began?to?question?the?efficiency?of?eye?training.C.?The?emphasis?on?the?purely?visual?aspects?is?misleading.D.The?eye?training?will?help?readers?in?reading?a?continuous?text.

43、5.?The?tune?of?the?author?in?writing?this?article?is?_ A?critical B?neutral C?prssimistic D?optimistic 【答案及详解】答案：CCCDA 解题思路 1?C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本 题的答案。2?C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项 C“阅读需 要大脑的深度参与”正确。作者没有否定阅读

44、的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以 AB两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑 和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选 D 3?C。作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的 意思应该是那些(训练眼睛的)阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B 与文章相反。D 句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。4?D。第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以 D 是错的，是本题答案。5?A。参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉

45、因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(5)【阅读练习】As?is?known?to?all,?the?organization?and?management?ofwages?and?salaries?are?very?complex.?Generally?speaking,?the?Accounts?Department?is?_1_for?calculations?of?pay,?while?the?Personnel?Department?is?interested?in?discussions?with?theemployees?about?pay.

46、If?a?firm?wants?to?_2_?a?new?wage?and?salary?structure,?it?is?essential?that?the?firmshould?decide?on?a?_3_?of?job?evaluation?and?ways?of?measuring?the?performance?of?itsemployees.?In?order?to?be?_4_,?that?new?pay?structure?will?need?agreement?between?TradeUnions?and?employers.?In?job?evaluation,?al

47、l?of?the?requirements?of?each?job?are?defined?in?adetailed?job?description.?Each?of?thsoe?requirements?is?given?a?value,?usually?in?points,?whichare?_5_?together?to?give?a?total?value?for?the?job.?For?middle?and?higher?management,?aspecial?method?is?used?to?evaluate?managers?on?their?knowledge?of?th

48、e?job,?theirresponsibility,?and?their?_6_?to?solve?problems.?Because?of?the?difficulty?in?measuringmanagement?work,?however,?job?grades?for?managers?are?often?decided?without?_7_?to?anevaluation?system?based?on?points.In?attempting?to?design?a?pay?system,?the?Personnel?Department?should?_8_?the?valu

49、eof?each?job?with?these?in?the?job?market._9_,?payment?for?a?job?should?vary?with?anydifferences?in?the?way?that?the?job?is?performed.?Where?it?is?simple?to?measure?the?work?done,as?in?the?works?done?with?hands,?monetary?encouragement?schemes?are?often?chosen,?for_10_?workers,?where?measurement?is?d

50、ifficult,?methods?of?additional?payments?areemployed.Acompare Bresponsible Cuseful Dadded Efind Freference Gindirect Hmethod Isuccessful Jcombined KNecessarily Lcapacity Mability NBasically Oadopt Answers:1.选 B)。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门.计算报酬”，选项中的形容词 responsible“负责任的”，useful“有用 的”，indirect“间接的”，successful