机械系-外文翻译-外文文献-英文文献.doc

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1、一种更加完善的三维设计（工具/软件）实现了多功能于一体的COMPANIN for iPAQ 原文出处及作者：ENGLISH FOR INDUSTRIAL DESIGN 2end Edition随着企业对企业和企业对消费者电子商务的发展，消费品分配从以生产为中心的模式向以消费为中心的模式改变，移动终端企业越来越重要。Omnipap,一个掌上终端，通过实现现场签单、支付功能证明了（强化了）这一观点，它具有辨认货物，数据通讯（交换）、票据打印和其他延伸等功能。其他的掌上终端只能实现部分功能。用智能卡进行电子支付需要一个与票据打印或条码扫描不同的装置。使用多种设备对那些从办公室走出来的人来说是不切实际

2、而且极富挑战的。Omnipap包括一个有50米长纸的票据打印机，一个条形码扫描，一个智能卡和读卡器，一个电池组和一个通信交换器，全部连接到一个中央处理器组成的，它是一个Compad Ipaq 3630和一个CF卡套。只要一与中央网络连接（通过无线或有线），Omnipap就能发挥象一个移动企业一样的作用。制造一个新的掌上主机Pars pro toto,一个比利时设计公司，被委托制造Omnipap。经过详细描述，挑战变得明确了；把所有功能集于一体将对人机工程学（工效学）有很高的要求。Omnipap是可以整天携带的装置；它能够适用任何条件。影响设计的不仅是体积大小，还有重量。Omnipap应该可以用

3、一只手拿住，同时另一只手空出来操作屏幕和处理货物。决定着它的成败。我们从使用三维设计软件（pro-engineer?可能如此翻译）设计内部构建开始。Compad提供了详细的三维设计组成，供设计CF卡套使用。最初的装配被用来做后来装配的建议。装置规范后被打印成真实的大小，以帮助制作最初的模型。最后，模型通过了实地试验，被用做下一阶段设计的基础。最终配置详细说明了各个组成部分的布置。外包装必须紧紧地抱住组成部分，尽量留下最少的空隙。我们使用了ASX，但是很快发现外界面需要更加自由形态的设计。从动力学方面和复杂的曲面转换角度，需要更加灵活和强大的工具。进行试验一个地方转售商提供了两种解决方法：CDR

4、S和ISDX（交互式曲面设计）。CDRS是一种绘制一流曲面的工业试验解决方法，它是一种独立的应用软件，迫使我们要学习在全新的环境下工作。而且，我们预计即使我们学会使用，也需要经常通过ATB从一种软件换到另一种，这会延缓设计速度。同样的，一种pro-engineer（三维设计软件）的试生产版本正在运行。这种版本包括一种新的特点叫做风格特点。（style feature）。这种交互式曲面设计或ISDX到来的正是时候。虽然仍在试用版本，ISDX与pro-engineer具有相同的稳定性。经过短暂的培训，Pars pro toto公司开始使用ISDX;我们是欧洲第一家在工业设计项目中使用这种如今的工作

5、。因为设计变化能很快地被反馈到模型上，设计时间被大大缩短了。ISDX还能帮助我们绘制负责的曲面转换中所需要的错综复杂、连续的弯曲。内部组成部分与外包装之间随时可以清晰地观察到，这充分保障了材料的厚度能够充分和紧密地环绕内部部分。同时（协作）设计同时Omnipap的核心，iPAQ套下面的打印部分也在完善。在这个设计过程韩总，各部分经常改变位置和大小。一些材料可能被另外的功能更强或更新的部件所代替。这种轻便技术的应用不断地使各组成部分更加精致和精巧（小）。结果，我们再三面临重大设计变更。幸运的是pro-engineer和ISDX具有的先进的、强大的功能使我们能够快速更改设计。当立体模型完成后，能够

6、清楚得展现在眼前的东西成功说服了潜在投资者支持这一项目。同时，工程部门给模型做了外壳。工作同时进展。试验模型时间紧迫；在设计的几个阶段，我们使用了不同的快速原型技术创造了一些中间模型。在固体模型建好之后，立即建造了立体模型以便评估花样和表面性质。模型也为适应人力环境学的测试而进行了整修。经过敏锐的（关键的）FMEA评估分析后，设计进程花样翻新。下一步是设计功能模型。pro-engineer再次带给我们适当的STL模型。在原型阶段，pro-engineer提供了试生产系列所需的模型，成功锁门了投资者支持这一项目。使用ISDX设计阶段的第一个里程碑后，终端的组成结构比较清晰明显，顾客也认可了它的款

7、式。我们制定了规划，开始绘制定义组成Omnipap典型形状的边界边缘（边界棱）。这些粗糙的大纲被逐渐细化成了设计成长所需的模板。在pro-engineer里，使用外观编辑器，这些图画被绘制在三个相应的通信面上。让人惊奇的是保证了尺寸和比例不变。第一批画好的部分之一是背后的球形（蛋形）部分，抓住纸卷和打印机的部分，这也是Omnipap的主要部件。原型部分用ASX画表面。但是切割面没有精密的空间约束。ISDX帮助我们绘制了纸卷和打印机所需要的足够自由的切割面。同时，设计还需兼顾外面。对表面的修改成为简单的事情，秩序拖动制高点和把手接触点。并且，当ISDX显示的四个视窗之一有活性时，就能轻松实现纸上

8、画的曲线与样品一致。因为Compad iPAQ 3630 和它的外套联结太紧密，我们使用pro-engineer的几何复制特性来增加表面和曲线，这样能帮助我们在现有基础上增加新的切面时实现无缝联结。不断的相切和弯曲约束使我们能很快评估保持光滑连续约束的表面质量的改进。很多边界曲线，当时还没有很清楚地定义，也能用ISDX画出，因为在三维空间直接画曲线和修改非常容易。ISDX的缺点之一是，不能在四边定义之外再创造其他面。（如果我们的消息正确的话，这个问题将在新的pro-engineer版本中得到解决。）幸运的是，存在几个工作区。我们使用的适合三角面。我们用一个可控制曲线将一个角与对边联结，剩余两条

9、边将另两条曲线与这一曲线相连。用这种方法，一个三角形片被分成四角形（四边形），这样ISDX就可以创建适当的面了。必须注意保证最终的形状光滑连续。ISDX是一个很棒的产品设计工具。它能在不使用其他应用软件的条件下，用交互式的方式很快评估出设计变化。绘面和拧面的方便，将连续相切和曲线完美地联结，使得ISDX成为满足美学和技术双重需要的选择。我们期待着pro-engineer新版本拥有更加强大的功能。 A More Complete Design Pro/E Delivers All-in-One Companin for iPAQAs B2B and B2C enterpries destribu

10、ting consumer goods move from a production-centric a cust into omer-entric business modle,mobile enterprise are becoming more important.Omnipap-a handheld terminal-addresses this issue by combining the functionality needed for on -site billing and payment, identification of goods,data communication,

11、ticket printing and extended autonomy.Other handheld terminal solutions only provide partial functionality.With those devices electronic payment with smart cards require a different device than do ticket printers or barcode scanners.The use of multiple machines is impractical and challenging for tho

12、se whose work takes them away from the office .The Omnipad is a device that combines a ticket printer with a 50-meter paper roll , a barcode scnner , a smart card and swipe card reader, a battery pack and a communications device-all connected to a central processing unit , which is a Compad iPAQ 363

13、0 with a CF-card sleeve .Once linked to the base network (by wire or wireless) ,the Omnipad delivers its true potential as a mobile enterprise solution .Building a New Handheld Pars pro toto ,a Belgian design firm , was commissioned to build the Omnipad . After specifications were defined ,the chall

14、enge became clear ; combining all the functionality into one object would put heavy constraints on ergonomics . The Omnipad is a device that is carried all day ; it must suit various conditions .Factors influencing the design were not only the size of the parts , but also their combined weight .The

15、Omnipad needed to be held in one hand while the other hand remained free to operate the touch screen and manipulate goods .The of the Omnipad would determine its success.We started the project by drawing internal components in Pro/ENGINEER .Compad provided detailed Pro/E NGNEER parts used in its CF-

16、card sleeve design .An initial assembly was used for subsequent configuration proposal . Configurations that passed specifications were printed in real size to serve as a modeling aid for preliminary foam mock-ups . Eventually one mock-up passed the field tests and was used as the basis for the next

17、 design phase .The final configuration defined the optimal placement for the components . An outer casing tightly packed the components , leaving as little space as possible between the components and the casing .We started with the Advanced Surface Extension (ASX) module of Pro/ENGNEER 2000i2 , but

18、 it soon became clear that to design the bounding surfaces with more freedom , a complete free-form design solution was needed .The dynamic aspect of design and the complex surface transitions (especially in the hand grip area and the transition from sleeve to casing ) required a more flexible and p

19、owerful tool.Taking a Test Drive A local reseller offered two solutions : CDRS and ISDX .While CDRS is an industry-proven solution for drawing A-class surfaces ,it is a seperate application that would have forced us to learn to work in an entirely new environment .In addition ,we anticipated that fr

20、equently shifting from one application to another , even if well implemented through the ATB , would slow down design process.Coincidentally , a pre-production version of Pro/ENNGNEER 2001 was shipping at the time . This version included a new feature called the style feature . This interactive surf

21、ace design extension or ISDX arrived just in time . Although still in pre-production ,ISDX had the same stability and roubstness as Pro/ENGNEER Foundation . After a short training period ,Pars pro toto began using ISDX ; we were the first in Europe to apply this feature in an industrial design proje

22、ct . Design time was significantly shortened because changes were reflected immediately in the model . ISDX also helped us draw the intricate curvature continuous curves needed for the complex surface transitions. The clearance between the components and the surface envelope was observed at all time

23、s to ensure that material thickness was sufficient and tight around the components.Concurrent EnigneeringMeanwhile the core of the Omnipap, a printed board positioned directly under the iPAQ sleeve, was in development. During this design process, components often changed location and size. Something

24、 they were replaced with other components that performent better or offered new functionalities. The portable technology sector tends to continuously refine and reduce component size. As a result, our firm repeatedly was confronted wuth serious design changes. Fortunately the parametric nature of Pr

25、o/ENGINEER, and the advantage that ISDX can be handled as a feature, allowed us to make rapid styling changes.Once a solid modle was finished, the visualization department made photo-realistic presentations to convince potential investors to back the project. At the same time, the engineering depart

26、ment made shells of the colid models. Work progressed simultaneously.Testing the ModelTiming was critical; at several stages of the design process intermediary models were created using different rapid prototyping techniques. Immediately after shelling and splitting the solid model, a stereolithogra

27、phic model was built to assess styling and surface properties. The model also was refitted to accommodate ergonomic tests. After conducting an acute FMEA analysis, finding were retrofitted in the design process. The next phase was to build a functional model; Pro/ENGINEER again delivered adequate ST

28、L models. In the prototyping phase, Pro/ENGINEER provided the models needed for a limated pre-productions series, which was used successfully to convince investors to support the project.Using ISDXAfter a first design milestond, the comphonents configuration was evident and customer approved the acc

29、ompanying styling. The layout was printed and we started drawing defining boundary edges that made up the typical from of the Omnipaq. These coarse outlines were digitized to serve as a template from which the design could grow. In Pro/ENGINEER, these drawings were mapped, onto three surface-one for

30、 each of the corresponding planes using the Appearance Editor. Much scare was taken to ensure that the dimensions and proportions remained unaltered.One of the first features drawn was the egg-shaped element in the back, which holds the paper roll and the printer, and is one of the main characterist

31、ics of the Omnipap. The circular portion of the shape was drawn using ASX with mapped surface as an underlay. But the cutting surface had no exact dimensional constraints. ISDX helped us to draw a free-form surface, which required enough clearance, for a paper roll and printer. At the same time, the

32、 design had to look good from the outside. Any modification to the surface was simply a matter of dragging the vertices and the tangency handles. Furthermore, assuring that form corresponded with the curves drawn on paper was accomplished easily when one of the four viewports that ISDX displays was

33、activated.Because the Compaq iPAQ 3630 and its sleeve are so tightly intergrated into the design, we used Pro/ENGINEERs copy geometry feature to add surface and curves that would help us to seamlessly align newly created surface to existing ones. The tangency align and curvature continuious constrai

34、nts allowed us to quickly assess alterations in surface quality while retaining a smooth continuous constraints. Many of the bondary curves, which were at that time not clearly defined, also were drawn in ISDX, because of the ease of drawing curves directly in three dimensions and the ease of later

35、modifications.One of the drawbacks of ISDX, however, is the inability to create other surfaces besides the ones definded by four boundaries. (If we are informed correctly, this issue should be solved in the new Pro/ENGINEER version Wildfire.) Fortunately some workarounds exist. The one we used is su

36、itable for triangular surface. We stared by connecting a corner to the opposite side by sketching a projected control curve. Tow other curves connect this curve with the two remaining sides. In this way, a triangular patch is divided into four quadrangles, thus enableing ISDX to creat the appropriat

37、e surfaces. Careful attention was given to ascertain that the resulting patch was smooth and continuous.ISDX is a great tool for product designers. It allows then to quickly assess design variations in an interactive way without using other applications. The ease of drawing and tweaking surface, while perfectly maintaning tangency or curvature continuity, make ISDX the tool of choice for aesthetic as well as technical needs. We look forward to the enhanced style feature in Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire.6