自动转换开关的毕业设计(机械CAD图纸).doc
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1、本科机械毕业设计论文CAD图纸 QQ 401339828 目 录摘 要1Abstract4第一章 绪 论71.1 课题概况71.1.1当前双电源转换开关的现状81.1.2双电源转换开关的发展81.2课题研究涉及的有关概念11第二章 系统方案确定及控制原理132.1系统方案确定132.1.1自动转换开关的组成132.1.2系统方案的确定13第三章 控制系统设计183.1 SPT604电压传感器183.1.1 LM393电压比较器193.1.2 NE555施密特触发器213.1.3中间继电器223.1.4 ULN2003A达林顿晶体管233.1.5塑料外壳式低压断路器263.1.6跳线273.1.
2、7控制原理图设计283.2报警电路设计28第四章 机械结构设计294.1机械结构设计要求294.2电机的选用304.2.1电机功率的确定304.2.2 电机类型的选择324.3系统机械传动路线334.4主轴的设计334.5六方离合销的设计39第五章 系统可靠性分析395.1电气控制部分可靠性分析405.2 机械传动部分可靠性分析415.3 总体注意事项42第六章 结论43参考文献44致 谢46自动转换开关的设计摘 要研究本课题的目的及重要性:为保证重要负载供电的连续性,双电源自动转换开关的应用需求已越来越大,技术性能要求也越来越高。转换一旦失败将会造成多种危害,电源间的短路或重要负荷断电,其后
3、果都是严重的,这不仅仅会带来经济损失,也可能造成社会问题。就其目前的发展现状来看,对双电源自动转换开关的研制和生产已是刻不容缓。否则,就无法满足因人们生活质量的不断改善而对电源可靠性的要求越来越迫切,功能更完善的发展要求。本文首先分别介绍了自动切换器的电气控制原理和机械系统的结构设计,并相应地给出了系统框图和控制系统硬件原理框图。然后,结合理论和设计经验,分析了自动切换器的可靠性和安全性。通过理论和大量计算,可以得出以下结论:机械系统的结构,既保证了常用电源与备用电源只有一个供电,也可手动,电动联锁,通过机械联锁,保证系统的可靠性和安全性。1. 双电源自动转换 :常用电源与备用电源之间的转换方
4、式无需人力操作即能完成转换功能,如常用电源被检测到失电时,则自动将负载从常用电源换接至备用电源,在常用电源恢复正常时,则自动将负载返回到常用电源。2.自动转换开关:自动转换开关简称为ATS,automatic transfer switching的缩写。由一个或几个转换开关电器与其它必需的转换控制器组成,用于检测电源电路,并将一个或几个负载电路从一路电源自动切换至另一路电源的开关电器。3.被检测的电源偏差:即被检测的电源特性的改变。当电源特性偏离规定限值如电源电压任意一相欠压、过压、断相时,被检测到的电源偏差将作为信号使开关动作。4.转换动作时间 :测定从电源被检测到偏差的瞬间至主触头闭合备用
5、电源截止的时间,特意引入的时间除外。5.总动作时间转换动作时间加上特意引入的延时。 6.返回转换时间 从常用电源完全恢复正常的瞬间起至一组触头闭合常用电源的瞬间为止的时间加上特意的引入延时。结论:本课题研究运用机电一体化技术开发设计出由断路器,机械联锁和控制器构成的双电源转换系统,这样的转变,正是趋于缓解市场急需高性能,高可靠性,高稳定性和高安全性的自动转换开关电器产品的现状。因为产品的技术先进性和可靠性如何,将直接影响着用电的安全与可靠,这已成为低压配电系统中不可缺少的重要部分。所以在设计中应引起人们的重视,并很有必要熟悉和了解其类型、组成与工作原理、主要特点及功能等。控制原理图的设计,报警
6、电路设计,机械结构设计,电机的选择计算和设计,最后对系统做了一个比较详细的分析。我们从电气元件的选择:电压传感器、电压比较器、施密特触发器、中间继电器、达林顿晶体管、塑料外壳式低压断路器等都做了一个详细的阐述。此设计可使人们看到双电源自动切换器的结构和功能,对于其选择和应用是一个较好的范例,随着现代化智能建筑的日益增多双电源转换开关的应用会更加广泛,更加普遍。关键词:自动转换开关,断路器,触发器,可靠性AbstractObjective and significance of this research: in order to ensure the continuity of critica
7、l load power supply, application of dual power automatic transfer switch is more and more big, the technical performance requirements are also getting higher and higher. Conversion once failure will result in many hazards, short circuit power supply or important load power, the consequences are seri
8、ous, which not only can bring economic loss, may also cause social problems. The present current situation of the development, development and production of automatic conversion switch of double power supply has been crunch time. Otherwise, it cannot be satisfied due to the quality of peoples life c
9、ontinuously improve the reliability of power supply becomes more and more urgent for the requirements of the development, function more perfect.This paper introduces the structure design of automatic switch electrical control principle and mechanical system, and the corresponding hardware system blo
10、ck diagram and control system block diagram. Then, combining the theory and design experience, analysis of the safety and reliability of the automatic switch. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the following conclusions can be drawn: structure and mechanical system, both to ensure the nor
11、mal power supply and standby power only one power supply, can also be manually, electric interlocking, by mechanical interlocking, ensure the reliability and security of the system.1 dual power automatic transfer: between the power supply and the backup power conversion mode without any manual opera
12、tion to complete the conversion function, such as the commonly used power is detected when power is lost, it will automatically load switching to the standby power from the common power supply, the normal power is restored, it will automatically return to normal power load.2 automatic switch: automa
13、tic transfer switching to ATS, automatic transfer switching abbreviation. By one or several switch electrical appliances and other essential conversion controller, for the detection of power supply circuit, and one or several load circuit from a power supply switch automatically switch to another ci
14、rcuit power supply.3 power deviation detected: namely the detected power characteristic changes. When the power supply characteristics of deviations from the prescribed limit values (such as power supply voltage of any one phase undervoltage, overvoltage, open phase), the power deviation is detected
15、 as a signal to the switching action.4 conversion time: from the determination of power be detected instantly to the main contact closing standby power deviation of the cut-off time, except for the specially introduce time.5 of the total movement time conversion action time plus specially introduce
16、delay.6 Return of time from the common power completely normalized moment to a group of contacts closed power instantaneous time plus specially introduce delay.Conclusion: This study uses mechanical and electrical development integration technology to design the circuit breaker, the double power con
17、version system of mechanical interlocking and controller, such a change, it is to ease the market in urgent need of high performance, high reliability, automatic conversion of high stability and safety of switch electrical products. Because of how products are technically advanced and reliable, will
18、 directly affect the electricity safety and reliable, which has become an important and indispensable part in low voltage distribution system. So attention should be in the design, and it is necessary to understand and familiar with the type, composition and working principle, main characteristics a
19、nd function etc. The design of control principle diagram, alarm circuit design, mechanical structure design, motor selection calculation and design, the system made a more detailed analysis. We from the electrical component selection: voltage sensor, a voltage comparator, Schmidt trigger, intermedia
20、te relay, Darlington transistor, plastic shell type low voltage circuit breaker have made a detailed exposition. This design can make people see the dual power structure and function of the automatic switcher, the choice and application is a good example, along with the increasing of modern intellig
21、ent building. Switch power supply will be more widely applied, more common.第一章 绪 论1.1 课题概况机电自动转换开关中的双电源转换开关的技术水平、先进性和可靠性,直接影响人们日常生活场所的用电设备的水平和可靠性。随着我国工业的发展、自动化程度的普及、人类生活质量的不断改善,人们对电源可靠性的要求越来越迫切,由此双电源转换开关的重要性日益提高。此外,根据我国高层民用建筑设计防火规范规定:“一类高层建筑应按一级负荷供电,二类高层建筑应按二级负荷要求供电。”“高层建筑的消防控制室、消防水泵、消防电梯、防烟、排烟、风机等的
22、供电,应在最末一级配电箱处设置双电源、甚至三电源自动转换装置 。可见,随着现代化智能建筑的日益增多双电源转换开关的应用更加广泛。所以工业发达国家都把双电源转换开关的研制、生产列为产业重点加以发展,并使之高新技术化、智能化。本文结合最新资料,国内外厂商产品说明书及有关会议论文、信息等情况,并在此基础上进行一些补充, 机场、医院、高楼、消防以及重要的军事设施,一旦发生停电事故,将产生严重后果。因此,诸多场所应配备双电源紧急供电系统,将负载电路从一个电源转换至另一个备用电源,以保证正常的供电需求。随着自动化技术水平的不断提高,机械系统的控制正经历一场新的革命。机电自动转换开关也就此呼之欲出,它是一种
23、机电一体化程度较高的高新技术机电结合产品,具有独特的机电一体化设计,高的性能价格比,是开关家族中的新品。1.1.1当前双电源转换开关的现状我国双电源转换开关的研制和生产在八十年代初还是空白国内许多需双电源切换场所不得不采用普通接触器作为投切电器或采用手动双投刀开关、两只塑壳开关及断路器联合使用达到双电源转换这一目的。采用普通交流接触器作为投切电器存在以下问题:一是耗电、二是有噪音、三是切换不可靠、四是投切容量受普通交流接触器容量限制。采用手动双投刀开关、两只塑壳开关及断路器联合使用达到转换双电源这一目的会造成配电设备体积庞大、切换速度慢、使用寿命短、维护保养困难、切换可靠性差。这里特别值得一提
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