高中英语阅读理解精读荟萃中级篇3.pdf
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1、Passage One The Affect of Electricity on CancerCan electricity cause cancer?In a society that literally runs on electric power,the very ideaseems preposterous.But for more than a decade,a growing band of scientists and journalists haspointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic f
2、ields with increased risk ofleukemia and other malignancies.The implications are unsettling,to say the least,since everyonecomes into contact with such fields,which are generated by everything electrical,from power linesand antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens.Because evidence on the
3、subject isinconclusive and often contradictory,it has been hard to decide whether concern about the healtheffects of electricity is legitimate-or the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S.Environmental ProtectionAgency.In the executive summary of a
4、new scientific review,released in draft form late last week,the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date.The agencytentatively concludes that scientific evidence“suggests a casual link”between extremelylow-frequency electromagnetic fields-those having very long
5、wave-lengthsand leukemia,lymphoma and brain cancer,While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probablecarcinogens,it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as“a possible,but not proven,cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panic-or even to lost sleep.If there
6、 is a cancer risk,it is a small one.The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the BushAdministration,and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the WhitHouse.But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and
7、 that much more researchis needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon:When anelectric current passes through a wire,tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces onsurrounding objects,For many years,scientists dismissed any suggestion that such
8、forces might beharmful,primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak.The ELF magnetic field generated by avideo terminal measures only a few milligauss,or about one-hundredth the strength of the earthsown magnetic field,The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts
9、 permeter,but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter.This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger?The consensus used to be that theycould not,and for decades scientis
10、ts concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation,like X-rays,that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body.Such“ionizing radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there areregulations to control emissions.But epidemiologica
11、l studies,which find statistical associations between sets of data,do notprove cause and effect.Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELFfields can have biological effects on animal tissues,a mechanism by which those effects could leadto cancerous growths has never been
12、found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded.In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report,AirForce scientists charge its authors with having“biased the entire document toward proving a link.“Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that(electromagnetic fields)present in theenvironme
13、nt induce or promote cancer,“the Air Force concludes.It is astonishing that the EPAwould lend its imprimatur on this report.Then Pentagons concern is understandable.There ishardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind ofelectronic equipment,from huge ground
14、-based radar towers to the defense systems built into everywarship and plane.1.The main idea of this passage isA.studies on the cause of cancerB.controversial view-points in the cause of cancerC.the relationship between electricity and cancer.D.different ideas about the effect of electricity on cane
15、r.2.The view-point of the EPA isA.there is casual link between electricity and cancer.B.electricity really affects cancer.C.controversial.D.low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer3.Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report?BecauseA.it may stir
16、a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.B.every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronicequipment.C.the Pentagons concern was understandable.D.they had different arguments.4.It can be inferred from physical phenomenonA.the force of the electro
17、magnetic field is too weak to be harmful.B.the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.C.electromagnetic field may affect health.D.only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.5.What do you think ordinary citizens may do after
18、 reading the different arguments?A.They are indifferent.B.They are worried very much.C.The may exercise prudent avoidance.C.They are shocked.Vocabulary1.preposterous反 常 的,卜 分 荒 谬 的,乖 戾 的 2.leukemia 白 血 病 3.m alignancy恶 性 肿 瘤 4.le g itim a te合 法 的,合 理 的 5.paranoia偏 执 狂,妄 想 狂。这 里 指:无 根 据 的 担 心。6.lymph
19、oma 淋 巴 瘤 7.carcinogen 致 癌 物 8.minuscule很 小 的,很 不 重 要 9.consensus 舆 论 10.w a l lo p乱 窜,猛 冲,冲 击 力 11.epidemiological 流 行 病 学 的 12.blistering罗 嗦 的,胡 扯 的 13.critique评 论,批 评 14.im p rim a tu r出 版 许 可(官 方 审 查 后 的),批 准难 句 译 注 1.Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory,it has
20、 been hardto decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimateor the worst kind ofparanoia.【参 考 译 文】由 于 这 问 题 的 证 据 还 不 是 结 论 性 的,而 且 常 常 是 矛 盾 的,所 以 就 难 以 断 定 有 关 电 力 对 身 体 的 影 响 的 顾 虑 是 合 乎 情 理,还 是 毫 无 根 据 的 怀 疑。2.EPA U.S.Environmental Protection Agency 美 国 环 境 保 护 署 3.W
21、hile the report falls short(缺 乏,不 够)of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens,it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as“a possible,but not proven,cause of cancerin humans.”【参 考 译 文】虽 然 报 告 没 有 把 极 低 频 磁 场 归 类 为 可 能 致 癌 物,但 它 确 实 指 出 通 常 6 0赫 兹 的 磁 场 是“一 种 虽 尚 未 证 实,但 可 能 导 致 人 患
22、 癌 症 的 因 素。”4.The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate withinthe Bush Administration,and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and theWhit House【参 考 译 文】证 据 争 议 性 仍 然 很 大,所 以 报 告 草 案 在 布 什 政 府 内 引 起 巨 大 的 争 辩,而 环 保 署 无 视 无 角 大 楼 和 白
23、宫 的 强 烈 反 对,公 布 了 这 份 报 告。5.This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.【参 考 译 文】这 远 比 细 胞 所 产 生 的 电 磁 场 低 的 多。6.and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation,like X-rays,that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecule
24、s that make up the human body.【参 考 译 文】而 且 几 十 年 来,科 学 家 专 注 于 更 为 强 大 的 辐 射 类 别,如 X光 射 线,其 聚 合 的 冲 击 力 足 以 把 电 子 从 组 成 人 体 的 分 子 中 撞 出 来。7.But epidemiological studies,which find statistical associations between sets of data,do notprove cause and effect.【参 考 译 文】可 是 流 行 病 学 的 研 究 发 现,几 组 资 料 在 数 据 方
25、 面 有 所 关 联,却 没 有 证 实 其 因 果 关 系。8.a body of laboratory work 一 批 研 究 成 果。9.In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report,Air Force scientists charge its authorswith having“biased the entire documenf,toward proving a link.【参 考 译 文】在 长 达 3 3页 的 对 环 保 署 文 件 的 十 分 尖 锐 的 批 评 中,空 军 方 面 的 科 学 家 指 责,作 者
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