英语四级考试历年真题.pdf

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1、Part S i x 阅 读 历 年 真 题 和 答 案(2011/12-2006/12)2011年 1 2月 大 学 英 语 四 级 考 试 真 题 Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answerthe questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7 choose the best answ

2、er from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentence with the information given in the passage.Why Integrity MattersWhat Is Integrity?The key to integrity is consistency-not only setting high personal standards for oneself(honesty,responsibility,respect for others,

3、fairness)but also living up to those standards eachand every day.One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical(道 德 上 的)standards even when making lifes hard choices,choices which may be clouded by stress,pressure to succeed,or temptation.What happens if we lie,cheat,steal,or violat

4、e other ethical standards?We feel disappointedin ourselves and ashamed.But a lapse(缺 失)of integrity also affects our relationships withothers.Trust is essential in any important relationship,whether personal or professional.Whocan trust someone who is dishonest or unfair?Thus integrity must be one o

5、f our most importantgoals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions,even if the decision,making process hasbeen undermined by stress or peer pressure.The real test of character is whether we can learnfrom our mistake,by understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways t

6、o avoidsimilar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems.We must learn torecognize risks,because if we can*t see the risks were taking,we cant make responsible choices.To identify risks,we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts.For examp

7、le,one whodoesnt know the rules a about plagiarism(票!J窃)may accidentally use words or ideas withoutgiving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail toquote and cite sources as required.But the fact that such a violation is unintentional does notexcuse the

8、 misconduct,Ignorance is not a defense.But Everybody Does ItMMost people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to fbol themselvesabout the risks theyre taking by using excuses:Everyone else does it.Im not hurting anyone1 1,or I really need this grade.M Excuses can get very elabor

9、ate:I know Im look at anothers exam,even though Im supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper,but thats not cheating because Imjust checking my answers,not copying.*1 We must be honest about our actions and avoid excuses,if we fool ourselves into believing were not doing anything wrong,we cant see the

10、 real choicewere making-and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself,watch out fbr excuses and try this test:Ask how you would feel ifyour actions were public and anyone could be watching over your shoulder.If youd rather hideyour actions,thats an indication that youre taking a risk and

11、 rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking,you must examine the consequences,in the futureas well as right now,negative as well as positive,and to others as well as to yourself.Those whotake risks they later regret usually focus on immolate benefits and si

12、mply haven*t consideredwhat might go wrong.The consequences of getting caught are serious and may include a nO ona test or assignment,an nF in the class,suspension（暂 令 停 学）or dismissal from school and aruined reputation.In fact,when you break a role or law,you lose control over your life and giveoth

13、ers the power to impose punishment that you have no control over.This is an extremelyvulnerable（脆 弱 的）position.There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle,which might justify such a risk,but there aren*t many things that fall in this category.Getting Away with it-Or NotThose who

14、 don*t get caught pay an even higher price.A cheater doesnt learn from the test,which deprives（剥 夺）him her of an education.Cheating undermines confidence andindependence:the cheater is a fraud,and knows that without dishonesty,he/she would havefailed.Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity,leav

15、ing the cheater ashamed,guilty andafraid of getting caught.Worst of all,a cheater who doesnt get caught the first time usually cheats again,not onlybecause he/she is farther behind,but also because it seems“easier.This slippery slope oferoding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster.Eventuall

16、y,the cheater gets caught,and thelater he/she gets caught,the worse the consequences.Cheating Hurts Other,TooCheaters often feel invisible,as if their actions dont count1 1 and dont really hurt anyone.Butindividual choices have an intense cumulative（累 积 的）effect.Cheating can spread like adisease.Rec

17、ent statistics suggest 30%or more of college students cheat.If a class is graded on acurve,cheating hurts others grades.Even if there is no curve,cheating poisons1*the classroom,and others may feel pressured to join in.（nIf I dont cheat I cant compete with those who do）Cheating also has a destructiv

18、e impact on teachers.The real reward of goof teaching is seeingstudents learn.But a cheater saysJTm not interested in what youre trying to teach,all I careabout is stealing a grade,regardless of the effect on others.The end result is a destructive attackon the quality of your education.Finally,cheat

19、ing can hurt the reputation of the university andharm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MartenIf cheating becomes the norm,then we are in big trouble.We must rely on the honesty andgood faith of others,if not,we couldn*t put money in the bank,buy food,clothing,or medicinefrom othe

20、rs,drive across a bridge,get on a plane,go to the dentist the list is endless.There aremany examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect theirdishonesty can have.The savings and loan scandal,the stock market and junk bond swindles,and,of course,Watergate,have

21、 undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity ofpolitical and economic leaders and society as a whole.Such incidents take a tremendous toll onour nations economy and our individual well-being.For example,but for the savings and loandebacle,there might be funds available to reduce the nati

22、onal debt and pay for education.In sum,we all have a common stake in our school,our community,and our society.Ouractions do matter.It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world inwhich we want to live.1.A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical stand

23、ards but a l s o.A)sticks to them in their daily lifeB)makes them known to othersC)understands their true valuesD)sees that others also follow them2.What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?A)It helps to create team spiritB)It facilitates communicationC)It is the basi

24、s of mutual trustD)It inspires mutual respect3.why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?A.To ensure we make responsible choices.B.To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C.so that we dont break any rules.D.so that we dont run into trouble.4.Violation of a rule is misconduct even i f

25、?A.it has caused no harm.B it is claimed to be unintentional.C.it has gone unnoticed.D.it is committed with good intentions.5.What should one do if he doesnt wish to fbol himself?A.Avoid making excuses.B.Listen to other peoples advice.C.Make his intensions public.D.Have others watch over his shoulde

26、r.6.Those who take risks they regret later o n.A.will often become more cautiousB.are usually very aggressiveC.value immediate benefits most.D.may lose everything in the end7.According to the author,a cheater who doesnt get caught right away w i l l.A)pay more dearlyB)become more confidentC)be widel

27、y admiredD)feel somewhat lucky8.Cheaters at exam dont care about their education,all they care about is how to steal a erade.9.Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on Deoples honestly and good health.10.Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result

28、 of the Watergate scandal.Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through care

29、fully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified byletter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than ance.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

30、With the worlds population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050,researchers,businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have oneverything from food and water to infrastructure(基 础 设 施)and jobs.Underlying all this 47 willbe the demand fbr energy,whi

31、ch is expected to double over the next 40 years.Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48.sustainable way is the cornerstone(基 石)of our nations energy security,and will be one of the major 49 of the 21st century.Alternative forms of energy-bio-fuels,wind and solar,to name a few are 50 being

32、fimded anddeveloped,and will play a growing 51 in the world*s energy supply.But experts say that evenwhen 52.alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30%of the worlds energyneeds by 2050.For example,even with 53 investments,such as the$93 million fbr wind energydevelopment 54 in the Am

33、erican Recovery and Reinvestment Act,important alternativeenergy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55 only about 1%of the market today.Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely comefrom a lot of 56 both traditional and alternative.注 意：此 部 分 试 题 请 在 答 题

34、卡 2 上 作 答。H)growthA)stable I)exactlyB)solutions J)consist significant K)compriseD)role L)competitionsE)progress M)combinedF)marvellous N)challengesG)included O)certainly正 确 答 案 H A N O D M C G K Bgrowth stable challenges certainly role combined significant included comprise solutionsSection BDirecti

35、ons:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four chokes marked A),B),C)and D).Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passag

36、e OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Boys schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions andinvolve them in activities such as art,dance and music.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity(阳 刚)，the absence ofgirls gives bo

37、ys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype.a US studysays.Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artisticactivities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness,rather than feeling they had toconfonn to the boy code of h

38、iding their emotions to be a real man.The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do better when taughtalongside girls.Tony Little,headmaster of Eton,warned that boys were being faded by the Britisheducation system because it had become too focused on girls.He criticized teachers

39、for failing torecognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they becomediscouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to

40、 boys learning style,letting themmove around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom,wrote thestudys author,Abigail James,of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with,boy-fbcusedn approachessuch as themes and characters t

41、hat appeal to them.Because boys generally have more acutevision learn best through touch,and are physically more active,they need to be given hands-onlessons where they are allowed to walk around.Boys in mixed schools view classical music asfeminine(女 性 的)and prefer the modem genre(类 型)in which viol

42、ence and sexism are majorthemes,James wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to astereotype that men should be masterful and in charge in relationships.In mixed schools boysfeel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well eno

43、ugh to know what thatmeans,*the study reported.注 意：此 部 分 试 题 请 在 答 题 卡 2上 作 答。57.The author believes that a single-sex school w o u l d.A)force boys to hide their emotions to be real menB)help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boysC)encourage boys to express their emotions more freelyD)natura

44、lly reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man58.It is commonly believed that in a mixed school b o y s.A)Perform relatively better C)behave more responsiblyB)grow up more healthily D)receive a better education59.What does Tony Little say about the British education system?A)It fails more boys

45、 than girls academically.B)It focuses more on mixed school education.C)It fails to give boys the attention they need.D)It places more pressure on boys than on girls.60.According to Abigail James,one of the advantages of single-sex schools i s.A)teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of

46、 boysB)boys can focus on their lessons without being distractedC)boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested inD)teaching can be designed to promote boys*team spirit61.Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James*report?A)They enjoy being in charge.C)They hav

47、e sharper vision.B)They conform to stereotypes.D)They are violent and sexist.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are bated on the following passage.It,s an annual argument.Do we or do we not go on holiday?My partner says no because theboiler could go,or the roof fall off and we have no savings to save us.

48、I say you only live onceand we work hard and whafs the point if you cant go on holiday.The joy of a recession meansno argument next year-we just wont go.Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees,we should be grateful.For many families the recession

49、 means more than not booking a holiday AYouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22%said they were arguing more with their partnersbecause of concerns about money.Whats less clear is whether divorce and separation rates risein a recession-financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up le

50、ssaffordable.A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging tocouples.Disputes were characterized by intense verbal(言 语 上 的)aggression,tended to berepeated and not resolved and made men,more than women,extremely angry.Kim Stephenson,an occupational psychologist,believes money