大学英语四级真题阅读.pdf

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1、2010年 6 月 英 语 四 级 考 试 真 题 Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions onAnswer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).For

2、questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Caught in the WebA few months ago,it wasnt unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online.Shed wake upearly,turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs-leavin

3、g her bed for onlybrief intervals.Her household bills piled up,along with the dishes and dirty laundry,but it took near-constantcomplaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.“I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart-kind of slipping into a depression,sa

4、id Carla.Iknew that if I didnt get off the dating sites,Id just keep going,n detaching(使 脱 离)herself further from the outsideworld.Toebes conclusion:She felt like she was addicted to the Internet.Shes not alone.Concern about excessive Internet use isnt new.As far back as 1995,articles in medical jou

5、rnals and theestablishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers generated interest in the subject.Theres still noconsensus on how much time online constitutes too much or whether addiction is possible.But as reliance on the Web grows,there are signs that the question is getting more seri

6、ous attention:Last month,astudy published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at excessive Internet use.The AmericanPsychiatric Association may consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition of its diagnostic manual.And scoresof online discussion boards have popped up

7、on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on theWeb.“Theres no question that thereYe people whore seriously in trouble because theyre overdoing their Internetinvolvement,said psychiatrist(精 神 科 医 生)Ivan Goldberg.Goldberg calls the problem a disorder rather than a trueaddicti

8、on.Jonathan Bishop,a researcher in Wales specializing in online communities,is more skeptical.The Internet is anenvironment/he said.nYou cant be addicted to the environment.0 Bishop describes the problem as simply a matter ofpriorities,which can be solved by encouraging people to prioritize other li

9、fe goals and plans in place of time spentonline.The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults.Like the 2005 survey,this one was conducted by Stanford University researchers.About 6%of respondents reportedthat their relationships suffered

10、because of excessive Internet use.About 9%attempted to conceal HnonessentialInternet use,and nearly 4%reported feeling preoccupied by the Internet when offline.About 8%said they used the Internet as a way to escape problems,and almost 14%reported they*found it hard tostay away from the Internet for

11、several days at a time.The Internet problem is still in its infancy,said Elias Aboujaoude,a Stanford professor.No single online activityis to blame for excessive use,he said.Theyre online in chat rooms,checking e-mail,or writing blogs.The problem isnot limited to porn(色 情)or gambling*websites.Excess

12、ive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but in terms of losses,saidMaressa Orzack,a Harvard University professor.If its a loss where youre not getting to work,and familyrelationships are breaking down as a result,then its too much/*Since the early 1990s,several cli

13、nics have been established in the U.S.to treat heavy Internet users.They includethe Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior.The website for Orzacks center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction:Having a sense of well-being(幸 福)o

14、r excitement while at the computer.Longing for more and more time at the computer.Neglect of family and friends.Feeling empty,depressed or irritable when not at the computer.Lying to employers and family about activities.Inability to stop the activity.Problems with school or job.Physical symptoms li

15、sted include dry eyes,backaches,skipping meals,poor personal hygiene(卫 生)and sleepdisturbances.People who struggle with excessive Internet use maybe depressed or have other mood disorders,Orzack said.When she discusses Internet habits with her patients,they often report that being online offers a se

16、nse of belonging,and escape,excitement and fun,“she said.HSome people say relief.because they find themselves so relaxed.nSome parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others.Internet gamers spend countless hourscompeting in games against people from all over the world.One such game,ca

17、lled World of Warcraft,is cited on manysites by posters complaining of a“gaming addiction.Andrew Heidrich,an education network administrator from Sacramento,plays World of Warcraft for about two tofour hours every other night,but thafs nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing

18、 online gameswhen he was in college.He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention(干 预),in which relatives told him he*dgained weight.“Theres this whole culture of competition that sucks people in with online gaming,said Heidrich,now a father oftwo.People do it at the expense of everything

19、that was a constant in their lives.Heidrich now visits websites thatdiscuss gaming addiction regularly to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check.*Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse.In August,when she first realized she hada problem,she posted a

20、 message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line:I have an InternetAddiction.“Pm self-employed and need the Internet for my work,but Fm failing to accomplish my work,to take care of myhome,to give attention to my children/she wrote in a message sent to the group.I have no money or

21、insurance to getprofessional help;I cant even pay my mortgage(抵 押 贷 款)and face losing everything.nSince then,Toebe said,she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use.nI have a boyfriend now,and Im not interested in online dating,n she said by phone last week.Its a lot better no

22、w.*1.What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?A)Her daughters repeated complaints.B)Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.C)The poorly managed state of her house.D)The high financial costs adding up.2.What does the author say about excessive Internet use

23、?A)People should be warned of its harmful consequences.B)It has become virtually inevitable.C)It has been somewhat exaggerated.D)People havent yet reached agreement on its definition.3.Jonathan Bishop believes that the Internet overuse problem can be solved if p e o p l e.A)try to improve the Intern

24、et environmentB)become aware of its serious consequencesC)can realize what is important in lifeD)can reach a consensus on its definition4.According to Professor Maressa Orzack,Internet use would be considered excessive i f.A)it seriously affected family relationshipsB)one visited porn websites frequ

25、entlyC)too much time was spent in chat roomsD)people got involved in online gambling5.According to Orzack,people who struggle with heavy reliance on the Internet may f e e l.A)discouragedB)pressuredC)depressedD)puzzled6.Why did Andre Heidrich cut back online gaming?A)He had lost a lot of money.B)His

26、 family had intervened.C)He had offended his relatives.D)His career had been ruined.7.Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction t o.A)improve his online gaming skillsB)curb his desire for online gamingC)show how good he is at online gamingD)exchange online gaming exper

27、ience8.In one of the messages she posted on a website,Toebe admitted that s h e.9.Excessive Internet use had rendered Toebe so poor that she couldnt afford to s e e k.10.Now that shes got a boyfriend,Toebe is no longer crazy a b o u t.Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Sectio

28、n ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please m

29、ark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.When we think of green buildings,we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech,sola

30、r-paneledmasterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines.But the U.S.has more than 100 million existing homes,and it would be _ 47_ wasteful to tear them all down and _ 48_ them with greener versions.An enormous amountof energy and resources went into the construction of those houses.And

31、 it would take an average of 65 years for the_ 49_ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one.So in the broadest _ 50,the greenest home is the one that has already been built.But at the same time,nearly half ofU.S.carbon emissions com

32、e from heating,cooling and _ 51 our homes,offices and other buildings.nYou can*t dealwith climate change without dealing with existing buildings,n says Richard Moe,the president of the National Trust.With some _ 52,the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient.Houses built before 1939 use a

33、bout 50%more energy per square foot than those built after 2(X)0,mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _ 53 over timeand let in more outside air.Fortunately,there are a _ 54 number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes,from _ 55_ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar

34、home.And efficiency upgrades(升 级)can save more than just theearth;they can help _ 56 property owners from rising power costs.A)accommodations B)clumsy C)doubtful D)exceptions E)expand F)historic G)incredibly H)powering I)protect J)reduced K)replace L)sense M)shifted N)supplying O)vastSection BDirect

35、ions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Pas

36、sage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.You never see him,but theyYe with you every time you fly.They record where you are going,how fast youretraveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally.Their ability to withstand almost anydisaster makes them seem

37、 like something out of a comic book.Theyre known as the black box.When planes fall from the sky,as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30,2009,the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong.So when a French submarine(潜 水 艇)detected thedevices ho

38、ming signal five days later,the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy inwhich 152 passengers were killed.In 1958,Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic informationlike altitude and direction.That was the first mode

39、 for a black box,which became a requirement on all U.S.commercialflights by 1960.Early models often failed to withstand crashes,however,so in 1965 the device was completelyredesigned and moved to the rear of the plane-the area least subject to impact-from its original position in thelanding wells(起

40、落 架 舱).The same year,the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes,which were neveractually black,be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.Modern airplanes have two black boxes:a voice recorder,which tracks pilots conversations,and a flight-datarecorder,which monitors fuel levels,engin

41、e noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct theaircrafts final moments.Placed in an insulated(隔 绝 的)case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainlesssteel,the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000F.When submerged,theyre also able

42、toemit signals from depths of 20,000 ft.Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447,which crashed near Brazilon June 1,2009,are in water nearly that deep,but statistics say theyre still likely to turn up.In the approximately 20deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years,only one planes black bo

43、xes were never recovered.57.What does the author say about the black box?A)It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.B)The idea for its design comes from a comic book.C)Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.D)It is an indispensable device on an airplane.58.What information could be

44、found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?A)Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.B)The total number of passengers on board.C)The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.D)Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.59.Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?A)New materials beca

45、me available by that time.B)Too much space was needed for its installation.C)The early models often got damaged in the crash.D)The early models didnt provide the needed data.60.Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?A)To distinguish them from the c

46、olour of the plane.B)To caution people to handle them with care.C)To make them easily identifiable.D)To conform to international standards.61.What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?A)There is still a good chance of their being recovered.B)There is an urgent need for them to

47、 be reconstructed.C)They have stopped sending homing signals.D)They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.The$11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like I never doanything right into p

48、ositive ones like I can succeed,But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right?Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people tothink more positively can actually have the opposite ef

49、fect:it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.The studys authors,Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of theUniversity of New Brunswick,begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which theybelieve is overly positive,they actually f

50、eel worse,not better.If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of anEinstein,youre just underlining his faults.In one 1990s experiment,a team including psychologist Joel Cooper ofPrinceton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled.When the essayists were later