英语：高中重点词语辨析.pdf

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1、高中英语重点词语辨析一、动 词J1.accuse/chargeaccuse和charge都有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用，但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行，其结构为accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行，其结构为charge sb with s th,此结构还有“使某人负有 责任”之意。例如：例 1:My father accused me of my being too careless.（父亲责备我太粗心。）例 2:He accused me of neglecting my d u ty.（他指控我玩忽职守。）例 3:He charge

2、d me with neglecting my d u ty.（同 上）例 4:Jimmy was charged with m urder.（吉米被控谋杀。）例 5:He was charged with an important ta s k.（他担负有一项重要任务。）2,add/add to/add up/add up toa d d:增加，把.加上。add.to.:把.加到。例如：例 6:At the end of the party,we added another program.例 7:You neednt add any water to the medicine.add t

3、o:增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。例如：例8:His coming added to our trouble.（他的到来给我们添了麻烦。）add u p:加起来。例如：例 9:Have you added up all the numbers?add up t o:总计。表示加起来的结果，无被动结构。例如：例 10:All the numbers added up to 100.3 advise/suggestadvise:建议，劝说。例如：伊 11:I advised（his）trying again.（=suggest）例 12:I advised that we（should）try

4、again.（=suggest,虚拟语气。）例 13:I advised him to give up smoking.d列 14:I advised him not to smoke.例 15:Could you advise us on how to learn English?例 16:Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?suggest:建议，表明，暗示。例如：例 17:We suggest having a meeting at once,（=advise）例 18:We suggest that a meetin

5、g（should）be held at once.（=advise,虚拟语气。）例 19:His pale face suggests that he is in poor h ealth.（他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。）4.agree with/agree to/agree onagree w ith:同意，赞 成（后接“人 或what从句作宾语）；适合，适应；一致。例如：伊I 20:I dont quite agree with you.d列 21:Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.例 22:The weather he

6、re doesnt agree with most of u s.（这里的天气我们多数人不适应。）例 23:Your words do not agree with your actions.（你的言行不一。）agree t o:同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。例如：伊 24:John cant agree to Joes idea,agree o n:对.达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如：例 25:Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.5.allow/permit/let/promiseallow:允许，许可。指

7、听任或默许，也可用来表示客气的请求。例如：例 26:Who allowed you to leave the camp?例 27:Smoking is not allowed here.彳 列 28:Please allow me to introduce myself to you.perm it:允许，许可。通常指正式的许可。例如：伊 29:He declared that he would permit me to do so.allow和perm it的含义虽然有所差别，但实际运用中两者常通用。le t:允许，让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。例如：例 30

8、:Dont let this happen again.例 31:This is not allowed to happen a g a in.（不说：This is not let to happen again.）prom ise:答应，允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。例如：伊 32:They promised an immediate reply.例 33:He promised to start at once.伊 34:I promised him to see to the matter right away.（我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to seeto是 主 语I发出的

9、。）6.announce/declareannounce:宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。例如：例 35:The government announced that the danger was past.例 36:It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.另 夕 卜，要表达“向某人宣布某事”,应 用announce to sb sth。后 接to sb的动词还有say,explain等。例如：伊 37:He announced to us the

10、 news and then said to us,“Now let me explain to you in details.”（他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。declare:宣布，声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。例如：例 38:The chairman declared the exhibition o p e n.（主席宣布展览会开幕。）7.answer/replyansw er:回答，回应。例如：例 39:Fom!No one answered.例 40:Please answer the door-bell.（请去开门。）例 41:He ans

11、wered that he knew nothing about it.例 42:No one was able to answer him a word.reply:回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后 需 接to再接宾语；作及物动词时，后直接接that从 句 或what从句，或用于倒装句。例如：例 43:He replied to me,“I need the answer to the exercise.”例 44:He replied that he would not go.例 45:Not a word did she reply.（她一句话也不应。）answer当名词用时，与reply

12、一样，要 接to。例如：伊 46:He made no answer/reply to his questions.8.appear/look/seemappear:显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。例如：例 47:This kind of apples appears good,but in fact it tastes sour.（这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。）seem:好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。例如：彳 列 48:You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.（你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。）

13、例 49:It seems that it is going to rain soon.lo o k:好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。例如：例 50:Whats wrong with you?You look pale.例 51:It looks like r a in.（看来要下雨了。）9 argue/quarrelargue:辩论，争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张，着重说理。如：例 52:What are you arguing about?d列 53:I argued with him the whole day.quarrel:争论，争吵，吵架。例如：例54:It unwi

14、se to quarrel with your boss about th a t.（为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。）10.arrive/reach/getarrive,reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用，它 和reach是比较正式的用语；reach是及物动词；get通常与介词to连用，在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副 词（如here,there,home等）时，不用介词。reach和arrive at还有“达 成（协 议），作 出（决定）”的意思。例如：伊I 55:When we arrived at the station,the trai

15、n had left.例 56:At five,they arrived in Beijing.伊 57:The letter didnt reach me until yesterday.例 58:At what time did you get to the post office?例 59:The two sides failed to reach/arrive at an agreement after several hours discussion.（几个小时的讨论后，双方还是没能达成一致意见。）11.ask/inquire/questiona s k:问（ask sb sth 或

16、 ask sth of sb）;请 求（ask sb to do sth）；要，索 取（ask for sth）。例如：例 60:May I ask you some questions?例 61:Why did he ask you to come again?例 62:Did he ask for anything?inquire:问，询问。它 与ask同义，但是比较正式的用语；与into连用时，表示“查究，调查”的意思。例如：例 63:I have inquired of him whether he could help m e.（我已经问过他能否帮我。）例 64:We must in

17、quire into the matter.（=look in to,我们必须调查此事。）question:提问，质问，审问，怀疑。例如：例 65:At first the girls read a chapter from their books,and then the teacher began to question them.例 66:I question whether he was once questioned by the police.（我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。）12.be about to do sth/be to do sthbe about to d o:即将，正

18、要做.不加任何时间短语。例如：例 67:We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.be to d o:计划，约定；应该。例如：例 68:We are to start tomorrow.例 69:What is to be done n e x t?（下一步做什么？）13.be careful of/be careful withbe careful o f:小心，当心，留神，注意。例如：例 70:The public were warned to be careful of r a ts.（公众被警告要当心老鼠。）be car

19、eful w ith:细心，注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。例如：例 71:Youd better be careful with your work/pronunciation.（你得注意你的工作/嗡。）14.be familiaiwith/befamiliartobe familiar w ith:对.熟悉。例如：例 72:Most of us are familiar with the pop star.伊 73:John was very familiar with this kind of situation.be familiar t o:对.来说是熟悉的;为.所熟知。例如：彳

20、 列 74:The pop star is familiar to most of us.例 75:This kind of situation was all too familiar to John.（=very familiar）15.be known for/be known as/be known tobe known f o r:因.而出名。例如：伊 76:Our town is known for its stones.be known a s:作为.而出名。例如：例 77:The town is known as a stone town.be known t o:被.知晓，了

21、解。例如：伊 78:The hot spring city is known to every one of them.16.be made of（from/out of）/be made into/be made up/be made up ofbe made o f:由.制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。例如：例 79:The desk is made of wood.be made fro m:由.制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。例如：伊 80:Paper is made from wood.be made out o f:由.制成。例如：例 81:The desk/Paper is mad

22、e out of wood.be made in to:制成.例如：d列 82:Wood can be made into desks/paper.be made u p:由.编成。例如：例 83:Dont believe him;the whole story was made u p.（别 信他的，整个过程都是捏造的。）be made up of（=consist of）:由.组成。例如：伊 84:This desk is made up of/consists of twelve pieces of wood.17.be tired of/be tired from/be tired o

23、utbe/get tired o f:对.厌倦。例如：例 85:I am really tired of your words!（你的话我听腻了！）be tired fro m:因.疲倦。例如：例 86:I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow.（我爬山太累了，所以头一碰枕头/一躺下就睡着了。）be tired o u t:筋疲力尽。相 当 于be worn out。例如：例 87:We were tired out when we climbed

24、 over the high mountain.|18.believe/believe in/depend onbelieve:相 信（指信某人的言语）；认 为（相 当 于be sure）。例如：例 88:Dont believe him;hes ly in g.（别听他的，他在说谎。）例 89:I believe theyll succeed in the end.believe i n:信 任（指胜任某人）；信 仰（指信仰真理、主张、宗教等）。例如：例 90:Dont believe in him;hes always ly in g.（不可信任他，他老说谎。）例 91:I believe

25、 what she said,but I dont believe in h e r.（我相信她所说的,但我不信任她。）例 92:We must work,and above all we must believe in ourselves.（我们得工作，最重要的是我们得信任自己。）例 93:Most of them believe in God.depend o n:信 任（相 当 于believe in或trust）；依 靠（相 当 于live on）;取决于。例如：例 94:He is a man to depend on/believe in/tru s t.（他是个可信任的人。）例

26、95:Do you still depend on/live on your parents?（你还靠父母吗？）例 96:Everything depends on the weather tom orrow.（一切取决于明天的天气。）19.borrow/lendborrow:借，借用。指借入，不带双宾语。结构：borrow sth from sb o例如：例 97:Can 1 borrow your pen?例 98:He borrows money from me frequently.len d:把.借给。指借出，可带双宾。结构：lend sb sth=lend sth to sb o例

27、如：例 99:Could you lend me your pen?伊I 100:Will you lend your bike to me?20.bring/take/fetch/get/carrybring:带来。例如：例 101:Bring the book here tomorrow.ta k e:拿走。例如：例 102:Dont take the magazines out of the reading-room.fetch:去拿来。例如：伊 103:Go downstairs and fetch me some water.g e t:去拿来。与fetch同义，但较口语化。例如：例

28、104:She got him a good doctor.（她为他请来了 一位好医生。）carry:携带。指随身携带，如捧、抱、扛、运等。例如：伊 105:He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder.伊 106:He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out.（他出门时经常带着一本袖珍词典。）21,build/put up/set upb u ild:建设，建筑。常用于建造房屋、桥梁、道路等，也用于建设国家、城市等。如:例 107:A new bridge was built in this v

29、illage last month.例 108:We are building a socialist country.put u p:建设，搭建。侧重于搭盖临时性的建筑物；在现代英语中，可 与build通用。还有“张贴，挂起，举起”等意思。例如：彳 列 109:They had to put up the tents before dark.伊 110:If you have any questions,please put up（=raise）your hands.例 111:Why not put up a notice on the wall there?set u p:建设，创建。常

30、用于创立组织、机构、团体、学校、工厂、公司等。例如：例 112:Another night school was set u p.（又一所夜校建起来了。）例 113:They set up a committee to look into the m atter.（他们成立 了 委员会来调查这件事。）22.care/mindc a re:关切，忧虑，在乎。care about:在乎，关心。care f o r:喜欢，照顾。例如：例 114:He failed in the exam,but he doesnt seem to care（about it）.（他没能通过考试，但他似乎一点也不在乎

31、。）彳 列 115:Tom doesnt care what they say.例 116:He cares about nothing but m oney.（他只在乎钱。）例 117:Would you care for another d rin k?（想再来一杯饮料吗？）例 118:The children are being well cared for（=looked after）.M in d:当心，注 意（用于肯定句）；介意，反 对（用于疑问句或否定句）。例如：例 119:Mind your own business.例 120:Would you mind my/me tur

32、ning on the rad io?（介意我打开收音机吗？）23 catch/catch up withcatch:赶上。尤指赶车。例如：例 121:He got up early in order to catch the first bus.catch up w ith:赶上。指经过努力赶上同类水平，与keep up with同义。例如：例 122:We must double our efforts to catch/keep up with the developed countries.（我们必须加倍努力以赶上发达国家。）24,catch/seize/hold/catch hold

33、 ofcatch:抓住，捉住；赶 上（车）。常指从空中抓住某物，或指捕捉等。如：例 123:He caught the ball and shot the b ask et.（他抓住球，投篮。）伊 124:We caught lots of fish today.伊 125:I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.seize:抓 住（指用力猛抓）；捉拿，逮捕。例如：伊 126:Its a pity that I didnt seize the chance.例 127:Immediately the thief was seized

34、 and sent to the police station.h o ld:握住，手持，抱着例如：例 128:She was holding an umbrella.例 129:At that moment I held him by the a rm.（就在这一刻我抓住 了 他的手臂。）catch hold o f:抓住，抓牢。指抓住某物不放手，相当 于get hold of。例如：彳 列 130:Be sure to catch hold of the rope.25.catch fire/be on fire/cause fire/set fire to sth/set sth on

35、firecatch fire:着 火（指自然着火，无被动结构）。be on fire:着 火（指状态）。cause fire:起火（引起火灾）。set fire to sth/set sth on fire:放火，纵 火（指人为的）。例如：伊 131:The store caught fire at 5:00 this morning,and it was on fire for nearly half an hour.Nobodyknows what caused the fire or who set it on fire/set fire to i t.（商店早上 5 点、着火，烧了近半

36、个小时，没人知道是什么引起这场火灾或是谁放了这把火。）26.collect/gathergather:收集，聚集；采摘。指把零散的东西集中到一起。宾语通常可以是人，也可以是物。例如：例 132:She is gathering wild flowers in the field.例 133:Please gather the students for me.例 134:He wants to gather money for a m otorbike.（他想攒钱买一辆摩托车。）collect:收集，集合。指精心地、有选择地收集；作为该意思时，其宾语只能是物。例如：例 135:Are you f

37、ond of collecting stamps?例 136:They are collecting money for the kids in those poor areas.（他们正在为贫困地区的孩子们集资。）注意：作为不及物动词时，两者可以互用。例如：例 137:Well gather/collect at the gate of the school at 8:00 pare with/compare tocompare w ith:才 巴.和.相比。例如：例 138:Can you compare this word with that one?compare t o:比喻为，把.

38、比作；把.和.相比。例如：例 139:Young people are usually compared to the rising s u n.（年轻人常被比作初升的太阳。）例 140:Dont compare your toys to/with others all the time.（别老是把你的玩具和别人的比。）compared to/w ith:比起来，与.相比。过去分词短语作状语，介 词 用to/with均可。例如：伊I 141:Compared to/with other people,you were indeed very fortunate.（比起其他人，你算够幸运的了。）

39、28.contain/includecontain:包 含（全 部），容纳。include:包 括（部 分）。例如:伊 142:Senior Book One contains twelve units,including two（units）chosen from the old textbook.伊 143:This atlas contains forty maps,including three of Great Britain.（这地图集含有四十幅地图，包括英国地图三幅在内。）例 144:How much does this bottle contain?（这瓶能装多少？）29 co

40、st/spend/pay/buy/charge/sellco st:花费，付出代价。通常以事物作主语，即sth+cost+（sb）+金钱、时间、劳力或其他代价。例如：伊 145:The book cost me$10.例146:Careless driving cost him his lif e.（粗心驾驶使他付出了生命的代价。）spend:花费。主语是人，可以指花金钱，也可以指花时间。spend的用法：sb+spend+时间+（in）+v-ing/sb+spend+金 钱（时间）+on stho 例如:例 147:I spent$10 on the book.伊 148:I spent t

41、wo hours（in）finishing the composition.比较：伊 149:It took me two hours to finish the composition.p a y:付款。例如：例 150:I paid$10 for the book.b u y:买。例如：例 151:I bought the book for$10.charge:收费。例如：例152:They charged me$10 for the b o o k.（买这本书，他们收我十美元。）s e ll:卖。例如：例 153:They sold me the book for$10.30.cure/

42、treat/healcu re:治 愈（疾 病），后常接介词of。例如：例 154:The new medicine cured（him of）his heart trouble.（这种新药治愈了 他的心脏病。）treat:治疗。强调用药物或医疗手段进行医治的过程，并不表示治疗的结果。后常接介词for。另外还有“对待”的意思，后常接as。例如：例 155:It was difficult to treat patients（for their diseases）because of a shortage of medicine.（由于缺少药物，所以很难给病人治疗。）例156:He treats

43、 the orphan as his own s o n.（他把那个孤儿当作自己的亲生儿子看待。）h e a l:治 愈（外 伤）。例如：例 157:It took three months for my arm to heal properly.31.die of/die fromdie o f:死于。常指由于疾病、饥饿、情感等原因而死亡。例如：例 158:Many of them died of hunger during the voyage.伊 159:The old woman died of grief soon after her husbands death.die fro m

44、:死于。常指除了疾病或情感以外的原因造成的死亡，及因某种具体疾病造成的死亡。例如：例 160:In big cities during cold winter months,many old people die from the polluted air.例 161:It is said that he died from/of heart attack.32.discover/invent/creatediscover:发现（它的对象原来就存在）。invent:发明（被发明的东西原来不存在）。create:创造。例如：例 162:It is well known that Madame C

45、urie discovered the element radium.例 163:As is known to all,Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.例 164:As we know,Shakespeare created quite a number of wonderful characters in his plays.33.disturb/interrupt/troubledisturb:打扰，扰 乱（使无法正常进行）。例如：例 165:The loud noise disturbed his thought.interrupt:打扰

46、；打断，中断。例如：例 166:Sorry to interrupt you,but I have an urgent message.trouble:使 麻 烦（指心情上苦恼或行动上带来不便）。例如：例 167:Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles y o u.（另U 自寻麻烦。）p4.dress/put on/wear/have on/be ind ress:穿衣，穿着。可用作及物动词，“人 当 宾 语；可用作不及物动词；可 用be dressed表示穿着状况。例如：例 168:The baby isnt old enough to dr

47、ess itse lf.（这孩子还小,无法自己穿衣服。）例 169:He rose,dressed quickly and hurried to school.例 170:She is well dressed today.例171:The girl was dressed in pink last n ig h t.（昨晚这女孩穿着一身粉红色的衣服。）例 172:The girl dressed herself in pink last night.put o n:穿上（衣服），上演。表示动作。例如：伊 173:Better put on your coat;its cold outside

48、.例 174:A new play will be put on at the Grand Theatre.w ear:穿着，佩戴。表示状态，包括穿着衣物、佩戴首饰以及留头发、胡须等。例如：例 175:Can you recognize the woman wearing sunglasses over there?（你能认出那边那个戴太阳镜的妇女吗？）例 176:I dont understand why he wears long hair now.have o n:穿。表示状态，穿着衣物，不用于进行时态；也意为“有事；有约 会:如：例 177:The foolish emperor ha

49、d nothing on that day.不说：Were having on school clothes today.例 178:Sorry,I cant help you this weekend.Tve too much on already.（对不起，这周末我不能帮你，我有很多事。）be i n:穿。表示状态，其后常接表示颜色或服装、眼镜的词作宾语。例如：伊 179:The boy in white is one of my classmates.例 180:He is in uniform to d ay.（他今天穿着制服。）35,employ/hire/rentem ploy:雇

50、用。较正式用语，指较长期雇用，宾语一般是人。例如：例 181:Karl was employed by a car rental agency.（卡尔受雇于一家汽车出租公司。）h ire:雇用，租用。较普通用语，指短期雇用、租用。例如：彳 列 182:The store-keeper hired 10 girls for the Christmas rush.（为应对圣诞节前的购物热，店主雇用了十个女孩来帮忙。）例 183:During the holiday they hired a boat and went fishing.re n t:出租。指长时间租用、出租房屋、场地等。例如：例18