2023年专八听力minilecture真题及超详细解析超详细解析超详细解析答案.pdf

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1、1/12 2015 英语专业八级听力第一部分 MINI-LECTURE LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Understanding Academic Lectures Listening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students.Then,how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?I.Understand all(1)_ A.words B.(2)_-stress-intonation-(3)_ I

2、I.Adding information A.lecturers:sharing information with audience B.listeners:(4)_ C.sources of information-knowledge of(5)_-(6)_ of the world D.listening involving three steps:-hearing-(7)_-adding III.(8)_ A.reasons:-overcome noise-save time B.(9)_-content-organization IV.Evaluating while listenin

3、g A.helps to decide the(10)_ of notes B.helps to remember information 答案：1.parts of meanings 2.sound/vocal features 3.rhythm 4.absorbing 5.subject 6.experience 7.reinterpreting 8.prediction 9.what to listen 10.Importance 2015 2/12 2014 ANSWER SHEET 1(TEM8)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MIN

4、I-LECTURE How to Reduce Stress Life is full of things that cause us stress.Though we may not like stress,we have to live with it.I.Definition of stress A.(1)reaction(1)physical i.e.force exerted between two touching bodies B.human reaction i.e.response to(2)on someone(2)a demand e.g.increase in brea

5、thing,heart rate,(3)(3)blood pressure or muscle tension II.(4)(4)Category of stress A.positive stress where it occurs:Christmas,wedding,(5)(5)a job B.negative stress where it occurs:test-taking situations,friends death III.Ways to cope with stress A.recognition of stress signals monitor for(6)of str

6、ess(6)signals find ways to protect oneself B.attention to body demand effect of(7)(7)exercise and nutrition C.planning and acting appropriately reason for planning(8)of planning(8)result D.learning to(9)(9)accept e.g.delay caused by traffic E.pacing activities manageable task(10)(10)reasonable speed

7、 2013 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE What Do Active Learners Do?There are difference between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I.reading with purposes A.before reading:setting goals B.while reading:(1)_ II.(2)_ and critical in thinking i.e.information processing,e.g.-co

8、nnections between the known and the new information-identification of(3)_ concepts-judgment on the value of(4)_.III.active in listening A.ways of note-taking:(5)_.B.before note-taking:listening and thinking IV.being able to get assistance A.reason 1:knowing comprehension problems because of(6)_.3/12

9、 B.Reason 2:being able to predict study difficulties V.being able to question information A.question what they read or hear B.evaluate and(7)_.VI.Last characteristic A.attitude toward responsibility-active learners:accept-passive learners:(8)_ B.attitude toward(9)_-active learners:evaluate and chang

10、e behaviour-passive learners:no change in approach Relationship between skill and will:will is more important in(10)_.Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.参考答案：1.checking their understanding 2.reflective on information 3.incomprehensible 4.what you read 5.organized 6.monitoring their

11、 understanding 7.differentiate 8.blame 9.performance 10.active learning Section A Mini-lecture 或者 1、checking understanding。2、reflective 3、puzzling/confusing 4、what is read 5、comprehensive and organized 6、constant understanding monitoring/monitoring their understanding 7、differ 8、blame others 9、poor

12、performance 10、school work/studies 2012 Observation People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour.However,there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.Differences-daily life observation 4/12-casual-(1)_-dependence on memory-research observ

13、ation-(2)_-careful record keeping B.Ways to select samples in research-time sampling-systematic:e.g.fixed intervals every hour-random:fixed intervals but(3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.-(4)_-definition:selection of different locations-reason:humans or anima

14、ls behaviour(5)_ across circumstances-(6)_:more objective observations C.Ways to record behaviour(7)_-observation with intervention-participant observation:researcher as observer and participant-field experiment:research(8)_ over conditions-observation without intervention-purpose:describing behavio

15、ur(9)_-(10)_:no intervention-researcher:a passive recorder 1:rarely formal records 2:systematic objective manner 3:variable 4:situation sampling 5:vary 6:advantage 7:as it occurs 8:have more control 9:in natural setting 10:method Interview 2011 Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall,di

16、fferent cultures result in different ideas about the world.Hall is an anthropologist.He is interested in relations between cultures.I.High-context culture A.feature-context:more important than the message-meaning:(1)_ i.e.more attention paid to(2)_ than to the message itself B.examples-personal spac

17、e-preference for(3)_-less respect for privacy/personal space-attention to(4)_ 5/12-concept of time-belief in(5)_ interpretation of time-no concern for punctuality-no control over time II.Low-context culture A.feature-message:separate from context-meaning:(6)_ B.examples-personal space-desire/respect

18、 for individuality/privacy-less attention to body language-more concern for(7)_-attitude toward time-concept of time:(8)_-dislike of(9)_-time seen as commodity III.Conclusion Awareness of different cultural assumptions-relevance in work and life e.g.business,negotiation,etc.-(10)_ in successful comm

19、unication 1.apart from the message 2.what is happening 3.closeness 4.body language 5.multiple 6.in itself 7.the message itself 8.punctuality means everything 9.lateness 10.accounts 1.and significance 2.the context 或 what is doing 3.closeness to people 4.body language 5.polychronic 6.in itself 7.pers

20、onal space 8.monochrome 9.lateness 10.multicultural situation 2010 Paralinguistic Features of Language In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages.These means are called paralinguistic features of language,whic

21、h fall into two categories.First category:vocal paralinguistic features(1)_:to express attitude or intention(1)_ Examples 1.whispering:need for secrecy 2.breathiness:deep emotion 3.(2)_:unimportance(2)_ 4.nasality:anxiety 6/12 5.extra lip-rounding:greater intimacy Second category:physical paralingui

22、stic features facial expressions(3)_(3)_-smiling:signal of pleasure or welcome less common expressions-eye brow raising:surprise or interest-lip biting:(4)_(4)_ gesture gestures are related to culture.British culture-shrugging shoulders:(5)_(5)_-scratching head:puzzlement other cultures-placing hand

23、 upon heart:(6)_(6)_-pointing at nose:secret proximity,posture and echoing proximity:physical distance between speakers-closeness:intimacy or threat-(7)_:formality or absence of interest(7)_ Proximity is person-,culture-and(8)_-specific.(8)_ posture-hunched shoulders or a hanging head:to indicate(9)

24、_(9)_-direct level eye contact:to express an open or challenging attitude echoing-definition:imitation of similar posture-(10)_:aid in communication(10)_-conscious imitation:mockery 1 tones of voice 2 huskiness 3 universal signal。4 thought or uncertainty 5 indifference 6 honesty 7 distance。8 situati

25、on。9 mood。10 unconsciously same posture 2009 Writing Experimental Reports I.Content of an experimental report,e.g.-study subject/area-study purpose-_1_ II.Presentation of an experimental report-providing details-regarding readers as _2_ III.Structure of an experimental report-feature:highly structur

26、ed and _3_ 7/12-sections and their content:INTRODUCTION _4_。why you did it METHOD how you did it RESULT what you found out _5_ what you think it shows IV.Sense of readership-_6_:reader is the marker-_7_:reader is an idealized,hypothetical,intelligent person with little knowledge of your study-tasks

27、to fulfill in an experimental report:introduction to relevant area necessary background information development of clear arguments definition of technical terms precise description of data _8_ V.Demands and expectations in report writing-early stage:understanding of study subject/area and its implic

28、ations basic grasp of the reports format-later stage:_9_ on research significance-things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:Inadequate material _10_ of research justification for the study MINI-LECTURE 1.Study result/findings 2.Audience 3.Disciplined 4.what you did 5.DISCUSSION 6.a common mistake 7.in

29、 reality 8.obtained/that you obtained 9.attention/foucs/emphasis 10.暂无 10.2008 The Popularity of English I.Present status of English A.English as a native/first language B.English as a lingua franca:a language for communication among people whose(1)_ are different(1)_ C.Number of people speaking Eng

30、lish as a first or a second language:320-380 million native speakers 250-(2)_ million speakers of English as a second language(2)_ II.Reasons for the popular use of English 8/12 A.(3)_ reasons(3)_ the Pilgrim Fathers brought the language to America。British settlers brought the language to Australia。

31、English was used as a means of control in(4)_(4)_ B.Economic reasons spread of(5)_(5)_ language of communication iii the international business community C.(6)_ in international travel(6)_ use of English in travel and tourism signs in airports language of announcement language of(7)_(7)_ D.Informati

32、on exchange use of English in the academic world language of(8)_ or journal articles(8)_ E.Popular culture pop music on(9)_(9)_ films from the USA III.Questions to think about A.status of English in the future B.(10)_ of distinct varieties of English(10)_ 1.native language 2.350 3.Historical 4.India

33、 merce 6.Boom 7.sea travel communication 8.conference 9.many radios 10.split 2007 What Can We Learn from Art?I.Introduction A.Differences between general history and art history Focus:general history:(1)_ art history:political values,emotions,everyday life,etc.B.Significance of study More informatio

34、n and better understanding of human society and civilization 9/12 II.Types of information A.Information in history books is(2)_ facts,but no opinions B.Information in art history is subjective(3)_ and opinions e.g.Spanish painters works:misuse of governmental power Mexican artists works:attitudes to

35、wards social problems III.Art as a reflection of religious beliefs A.Europe:(4)_ in pictures in churches B.Middle East:pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques,palaces Reason:human and(5)_ are not seen as holy C.Africa and the Pacific Islands:masks,headdresses and costumes in special ceremonies P

36、urpose:to seek the help of(6)_ to protect crops,animals and people.IV.Perceptions of Art How people see art is related to their cultural background.A.Europeans and Americans(7)_ expression of ideas B.People in other places part of everyday life(8)_ use V.Art as a reflection of social changes 10/12 A

37、.Cause of changes:(9)_ of different cultures.B.Changes tribal people:effects of(10)_ on art forms European artists:influence of African traditional art in their works American and Canadian artists:study of Japanese painting 2006 Meaning in literatine In reading literary works,we are concerned with t

38、he meaning of one literary piece or another.However,finding out what something really means is a difficult issue.There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.I.Meaning is what intended by(1)_ is Apart from reading an authors work in question,readers need to 1)read(2)_ by the same author。2)ge

39、t familiar with(3)_ at the time。3)get to know cultural values and symbols of the time.II.Meaning exists in the text itself.1)some peoples view:meaning is produced by the formal properties of the text like(4)_,etc.2)speakers view:meaning is created by both conventions of meaning and(5)_ Therefore,agr

40、eement on meaning could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage.But different time periods and different(6)_ perspectives could lead to different interpretations of meaning in a text.III Meaning is created by(7)_ 1)meaning is(8)_ 2)meaning is contextual。3)meaning requires(9)_ practi

41、cing competency in reading practicing other competencies background research.in(10)_,etc.11/12 7 页：听力原文 3 Section A Mini-lecture 1.the author 2.other works 3.literary trends 4.grammar,diction or uses of image 5.cultural codes 6.cultural 7.the reader 8.social 9.reader competency 10.social structure,t

42、raditions of writing or political cultural influences,etc.2012 Observing Behaviour Good morning,everyone.Today we will look at how to observe behaviour in research.Perhaps you would say it is easy and there is nothing extraordinary.Yes,you may be right.All of us observe behaviour every day.For examp

43、le,when traveling in another country,we can avoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture.And failing to be observing while walking or driving can be life-threatening.We learn by observing peoples behaviour.Researchers too rely on their observations to learn about behaviour,but

44、there are differences.For instance,when we observe casually,we may not be aware of factors that bias our observations,and,1 and when we rarely keep formal records of our observations.Instead,we rely on our memory of events.2Observations in research on the other hand are made under precisely defined

45、conditions,that is,in a systematic and objective manner,and with careful record keeping.Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies,and what do we need to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation?Now,as you remember,the primary goal of observation is to de

46、scribe behaviour,but it is in reality impossible to observe and describe all of a persons behaviour.So we have to rely on observing samples of peoples behaviour.Doing so,we must decide whether the samples represent peoples usual behaviour.Thus,we will first take a brief look at how researchers selec

47、t samples of behaviour.Before conducting an observational study,researchers must make a number of important decisions,thats about when and where observations will be made.As Ive said before,the researcher cannot observe all behaviour.Only certain behaviours occurring at particular times,in specific

48、settings can be observed.In other words,behaviour must be sampled.In this lecture,I will briefly introduce two kinds of sampling,that is,time sampling and situation sampling.Now first,time sampling.Time sampling means that researchers choose various time intervals for their observation.Intervals may

49、 be selected systematically or randomly.Suppose we want to observe students classroom behaviour.Then in systematic time sampling,our observations might be made during five 20-minute periods,beginning every hour.The first observation period could 12/12 begin at 9 am,the second at 10 am and so forth.3

50、However,in random sampling,these five 20-minute periods may be distributed randomly over the course of the day.That is to say,intervals between observation periods could vary some longer others shorter.One point Id like to make is systematic and random time sampling are not always used in isolation.