【课件】Unit+5+Launching+Your+Career+长难句语法课人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册.pptx

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1、Sentences typesSimple Sentence 简单句Compound Sentence 并列句Complex Sentence 复合句Compound Complex 并列复合句简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。例如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.(并列主语，只有一个谓语)She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the magazines.(并列谓语，只有一个主语)语法精析一、简单句

2、一、简单句成分分析【观察下面五种句型，归纳句型结构】She likes music._The girl is pretty_Everybody laughs._He gave me a gift._We keep the table clean._主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补Long Sentences 长句Grammar I.句子类型：复合句（complex sentence）由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子；并列句（compound sentence）由并列连词或其他并列手段连接两个或两个以上的简单句而成的句子；并列复合句（compound-comp

3、lex sentence）并列句中的两个分句含有从句的复杂句子。简单句+并列连词+简单句 If you want to hold a koala,you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency

4、 of occasions.如 果 想 抱 抱 考 拉，你 得 去 那 些 有 执 照 的 动 物 园。那 里 的 动 物 专 家 会 确 保挑 选 出 来 的 考 拉 状 态 良 好、适 合 与 人 接 触，游 客 爱 抚 考 拉 的 时 长 和 频 率也有限制。该 句 的 主 干 是 一 个 主 谓 状 结 构（you have to go to zoos），if 引 导 的 是 条 件状 语 从 句，where 后 面 直 到 句 尾 是 个 很 长 的 定 语 从 句，修 饰zoos。这 个 定语之所以长，是因为其中含有两个由that 引导的宾语从句。But by any criter

5、ia this work is worth it to us as well,because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability,and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.但 以 任 何 标 准 来 看，这 项 工 作 对 我 们 都 是 值 得 的；因 为 它 表 明，我 们 是关 注 世 界 稳 定 的 全 球 公 民，我

6、 们 对 他 人 负 有 责 任，我 们 为 建 立 人 类 命 运共同体做好了准备。这 个 长 句，第 一 层 从because 分 开，前 面 的 主 句 为“主 系 表”结 构，because 后 面 直 到 句尾 是 一 个“主 谓 宾”结 构 的 原 因 状 语 从 句，用 来 说 明“这 项 工 作 很 有 意 义”的 理 由。第 二 层，原 因 状 语 从 句 内 部 包 含 两 个 由that 引 导 的 宾 语 从 句，作show 的 宾 语。第 三 层，两个that 引导的宾语从句是并列关系，也都是“主系表”结构。定义：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通

7、常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：The food was good,but he had little appetite.One of the clocks hands is short;the other two are long.二、并列句分类并列 转折 选择 因果 对比祈使句and/or 简单句1)表并列关系，引导词有：and，not only.but also，neither.nor，both.and，not.butNeither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework.Not couldnt they complete the task,but

8、the task was too tough.2)表转折关系：but，yet，whereas，nevertheless(但是；然而)John likes playing basketball,but he didnt play it yesterday.Jane said that she was ill,yet/but/whereas I saw her in the street just now.注意主谓一致注意否定词置于句首，构成倒装3.表选择关系：or，otherwise，or else，either.orWe must hurry,or well miss the train.Ei

9、ther you come to my place or I go to yours.4.表因果关系：for，soWe had better stay at home,for it was raining.He didnt work hard,so he failed in the examination.5.表对比关系：whileI do every single bit of housework while my husband Tom just washes dishes now and then.6.祈使句and/or 简单句，祈使句表示一个条件，and引导的简单句表示一个承接的结果，

10、or引导的简单句表示一个相反的结果，简单句多用一般将来时态。Read this story,and you will enjoy your life now more.Take the flowers into a warm room,or they will die quickly.目录Shes not only a great dramatic actress _ shes also very funny.He has plenty of money _ he can spend it freely.Leave it with me _ I will see what I can do w

11、ith it.Dont drive so fast _ youll have an accident.The shops were closed _ I didnt get any milk.在空白处填入适当的并列连词butandandorso1.定义及结构由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来。例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema.我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。三、复合句2.主从复合句的分类根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作

12、用，主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。1)名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，因此可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。That the match will be cancelled is now certain.(主语从句)How it all happened is a mystery to me.(主语从句)I know(that)youll succeed.(宾语从句)I wonder if you could stay for another day.(宾语从句)The question is whether t

13、hey have singed a contract.(表语从句)Thats why I object to the plan.(表语从句)There is a rumour(流言、谣言)that he has married a widow.(同位语从句)The idea that money means everything is unsound.(同位语)目录引导名词性从句的从属连词可分为三类：连接词：that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)连 接 代 词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which，whichever连接副词：wh

14、en，where，how，why，whenever，whereverJohn said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。What I want to know is why the detective is accused.我想知道的是那个侦探为什么被指控。2.定语从句 定语从句多由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.A

15、 prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.(when在从句中作状语，可替换成介词inwhich)As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.(as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于主句前面)3.状语从句用作状语的从句很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、比较、让步等。I didnt manage to do it

16、 until you had explained how.(时间状语从句)Since/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.(原因状语从句)You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.(目的状语从句)He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.(结果状语从句)As long as we dont lose heart,well turn our dreams into realit

17、ies.(条件状语从句)Although its raining,they are still working in the fields.(让步状语从句)四、并列复合句如果并列句中的两个分句又含有从句的话，那就成为更加复杂的并列复合句。例如：I admire Tim,but he doesnt admire me,although I try hard to impress him.我钦佩蒂姆，但他并不钦佩我，尽管我努力想给他留下深刻印象。前1、2分句是并列关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是主从复合关系。Even if you fail,at least you try,and you

18、are a better person for it.即使你失败了，至少你努力了，而且你是做这个事情的理想人选。前1、2分句是主从复合关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是并列关系。目录It is still unknown _ team will win the match.The road is covered with snow.I cant understand _ they insist on going by motorbike.After three days waiting，there was a little doubt in the mothers mind _ the p

19、olice could find her lost child.The fact _ he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.在空白处填入适当的引导词whichwhywhetherthatThe English sentenceadj.介词短语adv.n.从句定从同位语非谓语并列结构状从名从u长难句首先要断开，进行简化，留下主干成分（主谓；主谓宾；主系表；主谓双宾；主谓宾宾补)；u去掉枝叶成分（各种插入语，从句，定状补同）高考长难句分析口诀长难句，看仔细。一划二括三会意。主谓宾，先注意。（一划）找标点；找连接词

20、(介短非谓和从句)。（二括）抓主题，去修饰。（三会意）逻辑关系要注意。【译 文】如 果 想 抱 抱 考 拉，你 得 去 那 些 有 执 照 的 动 物 园。那 里 的 动 物 专 家 会 确 保 挑 选 出 来 的 考 拉 状 态 良 好、适 合与人接触，游客爱抚考拉的时长和频率也有限制。If you want to hold a koala,you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure(that)the koalas selected for each session are in a good

21、state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.【分析】该句的主干是一个主谓状结构（you have to go to zoos），if 引导的是_ 从句，where 后面直到句尾是个很长的_ 从句，修饰_。第一个that引导_ 从句，第二个that 引导_ 从句。【典例一】翻译句子条件状语定语zoos宾语 宾语【译 文】但 以 任 何 标 准 看，这 项 工 作 对 我 们 也 是 值 得 的；因 为 它 表 明，

22、我 们 是 关 注 世 界 稳 定 的 全 球 公 民，我 们 对他人负有责任，我们为建立人类命运共同体做好了准备。But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well,because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability,and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.【分析

23、】这是长句，第一层从because 分开，前面的主句为“_”结构，because 后面直到句尾是一个“_”结构的_从句，用来说明“这项工作很有意义”的理由。第二层，原因状语从句内部包含两个由that 引导的_从句。第三层，两个that 引导的宾语从句是_关系，也都是“_”结构。【典例一】翻译句子主系表主谓宾 原因状语宾语并列主系表【典例二】People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory 象牙 would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populati

24、ons.【分析】that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage 和hurt，根据逻辑意义可知，encourage 和hurt 的主语是weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。【句意】【】人们 担心【削弱(21 年以来被禁止象牙交易的)禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少】。【典例三】Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health,a 15-y

25、ear research project charting 记录 the fortunes财产 of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.【分析】句子主干为Economists analysed findings;from the University of Sussex 作Economists 的后置定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings 的后置定语；a

26、15-year research project 作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语；charting.作project后置定语who 引导定语从句,修饰先行词teenagers。【句意】（）（）来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在20世纪90年代中期在美国上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。【典例四】Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effe

27、ct on your self-growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.【分析】本句为复合句，句中Whether 引导主语从句，as 引导原因状语从句，how well 引导的从句作介词of 的宾语。【句意】你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展有很大影响，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。【典例五】The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as

28、do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.【分析】本句的主干The fact does not mean that.emotions，其中，第一个that 引导是同位语从句。第二个that 为宾从，其中as do members of another 是状语从句，助动词do 位于主语members of another 前形成倒装，主语后省略了express their emotions。【句意】（一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感），这一事实并不意味着他们没

29、有这些情感。(2014 年全国卷I 阅读D 篇)In an effort to prevent language loss,scholars from a number of organizations,including UNESCO and National Geographic,have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect.Many scholars are making efforts to _ A.promote global languages.B.resc

30、ue the disappearing languages.C.search for languages communities.D.set up languages research organizations.B【句意】为了防止语言流失，包括联合国教科文组织和国家地理在内的许多组织的学者多年来一直在记录濒临灭绝的语言和它们所反映的文化（2020年全国II 卷B 篇）The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found ch

31、ildren who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial 空间的 skills when assessed at 54 months of age.研究人员分析了53对儿童-父母在家中日常活动的视频记录，并发现在26-46个月大的时候玩拼图的孩子比在54个月大的时候有更好的空间技能。（2020 年全国I 卷C 篇）According to most calculations,race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would b

32、urn about 800 calories per hour,/which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking,/although fewer than running,which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.根据大多数的计算结果，以每小时6 英里的速度行走的竞走者，每小时会消耗800 卡路里，消耗的热量大约是步行者的两倍，但是比跑步者要少，跑步者每小时大概可以消耗1000 卡路里，甚至更多。目录Its an amazing

33、accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.分析 本句为复合句。其中，one指代前面的_，后面为 从句，修饰先行词_，且从句使用了cannot 和without 表示双重否定。句意：_训练检测accomplishmentone这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。定语目录What I saw was completely unlike

34、 anything I had experienced in the past.分析 此句中What 引导的是_从句，作句子的。此外，I had experienced in the past 为_从句，修饰先行词。句意：_主语定语我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。训练检测主语anything目录If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily.分析 本句为主从复合句。If 引导的是_从句，因表示对与过去

35、事实相反的假设，所以本句中条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个that 引导的_从句。句意：_条件状语宾语如果三年前有人告诉我我会用大部分的周末时间来野营，我会狂笑不已。训练检测Advice on Making a Career PlanA The plan will require you to focus on _ you want to do and _ to achieve it.B A career plan makes you think about your future,including _ careers interest you most and _ skills

36、and trainings you will need to succeed.Complete the sentences using what,which,that,who,and how.Then put the sentences into the correct order to make a complete passage.what how what what/whichC Of course,the CV should be tailored to match the careers in your plan,_ will leave you well prepared to m

37、ake the most of all opportunities _ become available to you.D Finally,for useful information on _ to decide on careers and _ to put in your CV,find some websites _ specialise in career advice or go to someone _ can help.which which/that how what that/which whoE Along with your career plan,you should

38、 also think about a CV,_ is essential for showing your potential employers your skills and experiences.F These two things are _ you should start thinking about right now,as they will safeguard your future,_ is important to everyone.which what whichCorrect order:A _ B_ C_ D_ E _ F _2 1 45 3 6Write a paragraph about a person you admire.Try to use compound sentences,complex sentences or compound-complex sentences where necessary.