高一英语语法之定语从句.docx

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1、凯文英语高中语法定语从句1 .定语从句的结构及理解.定语从句的关系词的使用2 .定语从句的简化表达（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语） 叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句 的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）o先行词在定语从句中充 当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定

2、语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与 先行词紧密相连。1 .先行词是主句与从句共有的部分.先行词一般是名词或代词2 .关系代词在定语从句中充当主语?先行词一人，关系代词一who, that?先行词f物，关系代词f which, that.关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语注：是否充当宾语，看从句的谓语是vi. / vt.?先行词f人，关系代词f whom, who, that?先行词f物，关系代词f which, that?一般可省略关系代词，但介词后不可省略?若prep.+关系代词，只能用whom ,which,不能用who, that?介词与动词（词组）固定

3、搭配，介词不能提前.关系代词在定语从句中充当定语?先行词f人，关系代词f whose, of whom?先行词f物，关系代词f whose, of which3 .关系副词在从句中作状语?when一时间状语，先行词表示时间的名词或代词where-地点状语，先行词表示地点的名词或代词whyf原因状语，先行词是reason?关系副词在具体语境下可与介词+关系代词替换* 介词选择看 与从句中的谓语动词间的搭配关系与先行词之间的关系* why = fbrwhich注：解题时，先判断从句中的谓语动词是vt./vi.,看从句中缺的是状语或是其他成分 非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词

4、之间有逗号隔开。1 .形式上，主、从句间用逗号分开.意义上，只对先行词作附加说明2 .关系词根据先行词，可选相对的who, whom, which, whose, when, where等，但是不能使 用 that, why.先行词是专有名词、father、mother,或其他的第一无二的名词时，一般用非限制性定语 从句凯文英语高中语法.在非限制性定语从句中，which的先行项可以是上文的整个或部分的分句内容1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after

5、tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用 which 或 whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the c

6、ompany.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点（二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when,where,why还有which,that 1. Im very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.3. This is my hometown whi

7、ch I used to talk about to you.3.1 think I can understand the reason why he didnt tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.（三）定语从句的简化表达：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形 式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。1. The man who is sitting on th

8、e platform is a professor from Wuhan University.The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University. 被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做,，.的人/正在发生的事。2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. 结构和意思：被修饰名词+ done短语：被，的人/事The qu

9、estion that is being discussed is very important.The question being discussed is very important. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被，的人/事You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at7:45.Youarewelcome to a party to be given in ourclass at 7:45.被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被，的人/事注意：that引导的宾语从句，后面必须接完整的句子;定语从句后面

10、接的是不完整的句子 that的用法1 .不用that的情况?非限制性定语从句中 ?介词后2 .只能用that的情况?先行词为不定代词指物Something that I learned in the book is very useful.我在这本书学到 的大部分内容是非常有用的。?先行词由the only, the very修饰。你必须面对的唯一一件事情就是通过每一次你的考试The only thing that you have to face is to pass every exams.?先行词由序数词、形容词最高级（含等last, next等）修饰 ?先行词既指人、又指物?先行词在定

11、语从句中充当表语成分 He doesrTt seem to be the man that he was.凯文英语高中语法?需要避免重复时?定语从句是“there be”结构时，其前的关系代词必须是“that”.The number of mistake that there are in this homework is surprising原则：在定语从句中，使用that来引导定语从句，几乎是永远安全的。特例一：在限定性 定语从句中，如果关系代词前有限定词，则不能that引导；如果先行词是人，则用whom；如果先行词是物，则用which.第二 判断类：非限定性定语从句;（永远不出现that

12、）限定性和非限定性的区别不要求通过意义判断！ （1）非定中，先行词=物，则which, which可以代表前句整句的意思； 先行词=人,则who/whom （不用“that”）关系代词&关系副词的选择；判断方法：看引导词在句子所充当的成分即可。如果充当是名词性成分，使用关系代词；如果充当是状语成分，使用关系副词。 笔记：关系副词包括where when while how. 第三 琐碎的考察:vl先行词是“the way”时，用that/which,不用how 引导词作介词的宾语时，用which不用that; the same as/that对比，用as：相似，同类事物;用that：同一个，同

13、一事物.Eg： This is the same pen as/that I lost yesterday.分析：用as时，译为这是同样一支笔和我昨天丢的一样；用that时: 译为这是同样一支笔 和我昨天丢的同一支笔 关于定语从句的其他问题.关系代词在从句中做主语，从句中的谓语动词数的变化与先行词的人称数保持一致1 . the one?判断主句是否有先行词，若没有，先补先行词the one2 .强调句?结构It is/was +被强调部分+ that / who +句子的剩余部分 ?判断方法去掉it is/was ” that/who,之后，余下的部分是完整的句子，则该句是强调句句型 【典型例

14、题】 例 1 Friendship is needed by all,plays an important role in people s lives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it分析： plays an important role in people? s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词 Friendship用which连接定语从句。答案：A例 2 Uncle LiI worked three years ago has retired now.A. who B. whom C. with whom D. to whom分析：I worked three

15、years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle II从句完整的表达是： I worked with Uncle Li three years ago.所以关系词前应加上介词 witho 答案：C例 3 Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he explained分析： 定语从句at the meeting for his carelessness in his work

16、 修饰先行词 the reason 指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。答案：A例 4 Teachers,work is rather hard, are being better paid than before. A. who B. that C. which D. whose凯文英语高中语法分析：非限定性定语从句 work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers,它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose 答案：D口列 5 The Olympic Games,in 776 BC, didn t included women players

17、 until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。in 776 BC 做定语修饰The Olympic Games,指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。答案：C例 6 The housesfor the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. builtB. to be builtC. to build D. being built

18、分析:根据句意房子即将开工。for the teachers and the construction work 修饰 The houses 应为The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。答案：B例 7 How many of us, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attended B. attendingC. to attendD. have attended分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨 论感兴趣呢？ , say, a meeting that is not important to usHow many of us 做 定语。与全句动作同步.答案：B例 8 She has three children,is working in Australia.A. who B. one of whomC.one of them D. none ofthem分析：非限定性定语从句 is working in Australia修饰先行词three children,根据从句中的 is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。答案：B