高一英语语法知识点总结高一英语知识点归纳.docx
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1、高一英语语法知识点总结高一英语知识点归纳高一英语语法知识点总结高一英语语法知识点总结高一英语语法知识点总结:主谓 一致一.概念:主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复 数形式一致。3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词 语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词 复数。例如:There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表 示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced la
2、st year.二.相关 知识点精讲1 .并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:Reading and writing are very important.读写很重要。注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念, 即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两 个词前只有一个冠词。例如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢 铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。典 型例题 The League secretary and monitor asked to make a speech at the mee
3、ting.A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案 B. 注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先 排 除 A., Co 本题易误选 D,因为 The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用 and相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选Bo2 .主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当there be句型的主语是一 系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books
4、 on the desk. 桌上 有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girlstudents in the class. 班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。2)当e计her. or与neither. nor,连接两个主语时,谓语 动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导, 而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:Either you or she is to go.不是你去,就是她去。Here is a pen, a few envelops and some pape
5、r for you.给你 笔、信封和纸。3 .谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等 词组成的短语时,谓 语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。4 .谓语需用单数的情况1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构
6、成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每人者B有录音机。There is something wrong with my watch.我的表坏 了。5 )当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.天 方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。6 )表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:Three weeks was a
7、llowed for making the necessary preparations.用三个星期来做准备。Ten yuan is enough.十元够了。5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数 由其指代的词的 单复数决定。例如:All is right. 一切顺利。All are present.人都到齐了。2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等词
8、 后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单 数时强调该集体的整体。例如:His family isn“t very large.他家成员不多。His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people, police, cattle, pouy等在任何情况下都 用复数形 式。例如:Are there any police around附近有警察吗 3)有些名词,如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:A number of +名词复数+复
9、数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词。A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况1)用 half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语 时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:Most of his money is spent on books.他大部分的钱化在书 上了。Most of the students are taking an a
10、ctive part in sports.大 部分学生积极参与体育运动。2)用 a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主 语时,谓语动 词通常用单数。例如:A series of accidents has been reported.媒体报道了连串 的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth.炉边有一堆木柴。3)如 many a或 more than one所修饰的短语作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than. of作主语时,动词 应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如
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